RABIES - SOUTH AFRICA (02): (GAUTENG) CANINE, HUMAN SUSPECTED
*************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 28 Sep 2010
From: Lucille Blumberg [edited]
<lucilleb@nicd.ac.za>
Rabies outbreak in Gauteng Province, South Africa
-------------------------------------------------
As of Tue 28 Sep 2010 there have been a total of 10 confirmed cases of
rabies in dogs in the south western areas of the City of Johannesburg,
Gauteng Province, predominantly in unvaccinated domestic dogs. All
isolates have been identified as canid biotype, originating from
KwaZulu province. The canid strain has never previously been a problem
in Gauteng.
The campaign reported in the recent ProMED article [see: Rabies,
human, canine - South Africa (GG) susp. 20100927.3504 2008] is only a
small part of a massive drive to control rabies in the area. This
campaign was launched after the 1st diagnosed case of dog rabies in
June this year [2010] in the suburb of Witpoortjie in Roodepoort in
the west of the City of Johannesburg. House-to-house vaccinations in
the immediate area of the cases have been followed by a 3 km radius
vaccination campaign as a 1st phase in a joint exercise between
Gauteng Veterinary Services and the City of Johannesburg Environmental
Health. The 2nd phase which has just commenced involves vaccination of
an extended area in the region. This has been accompanied by targeted
awareness campaigns involving all forms of media and direct community
liaison. Use is also being made of animal welfare organizations and
private veterinarians to assist with vaccinations.
One suspected human case is currently under investigation. This is a
2-year-old child scratched by a domestic puppy in Gauteng one month
prior to the onset of an acute encephalitis-type illness in the child.
The puppy disappeared soon after the initial incident. Post-exposure
prophylaxis was not given as medical treatment was not sought largely
because of the perceived relatively minor nature of the injury. Rabies
was suspected in the child on the basis of compatible clinical
features but other conditions are also being considered in the
differential diagnosis. An initial ante-mortem saliva tested negative
by nucleic acid detection and the child died before further samples
could be obtained. Post-mortem specimens will be tested.
--
Dr Malcolm de Bud, Chief Director
Veterinary Services and Sustainable Resource Management
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
P.O. Box 8769 Johannesburg 2000
&
Prof Lucille Blumberg
Prof Janusz Paweska
Dr Jackie Weyer
[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Malcolm de Bud and his colleagues for their
immediate and comprehensive response to our request for further
information regarding the suspected fatal case of rabies virus
infection in a child in Johannesburg. The current canine vaccination
campaign is indeed a model for others in similar situations to follow.
It is intriguing that genome analysis is sufficiently informative to
indicate that the current outbreak of canine rabies in Johannesburg
appears to have resulted from introduction from a non-adjacent province.
A map of the provinces of South Africa, showing the location of
Gauteng province and the city of Johannesburg, can be accessed at:
<http://www.places.co.za/html/visualfind.html>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of South Africa is available at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/00vd>.
- Mod.CP]
Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Moderator: Moderatoren
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Namibia Meningokokken Meningitis
Namibia - Meningokokken-Meningitis
29.09.2010
Aus Katutura, einem Stadtteil Windhoeks, wurden seit Juni diesen Jahres 41 Meningitis-Erkrankungen berichtet, 5 Patienten verstarben. 21 Fälle wurden labortechnisch bestätigt. Das Gesundheitsministerium hat Ende September eine Impfkampagne gestartet. Mehr als 170.000 Personen wurden bereits geimpft. Im Oktober sollen die Impfungen auf die anderen Stadtteile der Hauptstadt ausgeweitet werden. Impfschutz bei Reisen beachten. / Quelle: crm
29.09.2010
Aus Katutura, einem Stadtteil Windhoeks, wurden seit Juni diesen Jahres 41 Meningitis-Erkrankungen berichtet, 5 Patienten verstarben. 21 Fälle wurden labortechnisch bestätigt. Das Gesundheitsministerium hat Ende September eine Impfkampagne gestartet. Mehr als 170.000 Personen wurden bereits geimpft. Im Oktober sollen die Impfungen auf die anderen Stadtteile der Hauptstadt ausgeweitet werden. Impfschutz bei Reisen beachten. / Quelle: crm
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Namibia - Meningokokken-Meningitis
29.09.2010
Aus Katutura, einem Stadtteil Windhoeks, wurden seit Juni diesen Jahres 41 Meningitis-Erkrankungen berichtet, 5 Patienten verstarben. 21 Fälle wurden labortechnisch bestätigt. Das Gesundheitsministerium hat Ende September eine Impfkampagne gestartet. Mehr als 170.000 Personen wurden bereits geimpft. Im Oktober sollen die Impfungen auf die anderen Stadtteile der Hauptstadt ausgeweitet werden. Impfschutz bei Reisen beachten. / Quelle: crm
29.09.2010
Aus Katutura, einem Stadtteil Windhoeks, wurden seit Juni diesen Jahres 41 Meningitis-Erkrankungen berichtet, 5 Patienten verstarben. 21 Fälle wurden labortechnisch bestätigt. Das Gesundheitsministerium hat Ende September eine Impfkampagne gestartet. Mehr als 170.000 Personen wurden bereits geimpft. Im Oktober sollen die Impfungen auf die anderen Stadtteile der Hauptstadt ausgeweitet werden. Impfschutz bei Reisen beachten. / Quelle: crm
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
LASSA FEVER - SIERRA LEONE: (NORTHERN)
**************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 27 Sep 2010
Source: Romandie News, Agence France-Press (AFP) report
[in French, trans. CP, edited]
<http://www.romandie.com/infos/news2/100 ... t4nq4y.asp>
An epidemic of Lassa hemorrhagic fever now affecting several West
African countries, has reached Sierra Leone and so far has been
responsible for 2 deaths according to a statement from the Sierra
Leone Health Authorities issued on Monday [27 Sep 2010].
A 45-year-old woman and her 6-year-old son died in a private hospital
in the town of Kameni (Northern region) stated Dr Yankuma Bah who has
responsibility for health services in the region. He stated that: "On
the basis of laboratory tests, we have concluded that the deaths were
a consequence of Lassa virus infection." Another 7 people have
contracted Lassa hemorrhagic fever and 3 are in critical condition.
Rats are the source of Lassa fever infection. The disease is named
after a town in Nigeria where the 1st cases were observed in 1969.
Lassa virus is transmitted among humans by direct contact with the
blood, urine, and other biological secretions of an infected person.
Percy Blango, on behalf of the health services in the region, advised
that rats, which are often used as a food source in northern Sierra
Leone, should not be eaten.
The principal clinical signs of Lassa virus infection (fever,
vomiting, abdominal pain) are similar to those of malaria, dysentery,
and yellow fever, which complicates initial diagnosis of the
condition. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) between
300 000 and 500 000 people are affected by Lassa fever in West Africa
each year, and 5000 die as a consequence. Lassa fever is endemic in
parts of Nigeria, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and sporadically
affects other countries such as Senegal.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-FRA
<promed-fra@promedmail.org>
[Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease. The animal reservoir of Lassa
virus is a rodent of the genus _Mastomys_, commonly known as the
"multimammate rat." _Mastomys_ infected with Lassa virus do not become
ill, but they can shed the virus in their excreta. A photograph of a
multimammate rat can be viewed at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mastomys.jpg>.
About 80 percent of human infections are asymptomatic; the remaining
cases have severe multi-system disease, where the virus affects
several organs in the body, such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys.
The incubation period of Lassa fever ranges from 6-21 days. Further
information can be accessed at
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>.
The admonition in the report above that rodents should not be used as
a source of food does not imply that Lassa fever is a food borne
disease; it is contact with living and dead animals and their
surroundings that provides exposure to the virus.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Sierra Leone is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0bj5>. - Mod.CP]
**************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 27 Sep 2010
Source: Romandie News, Agence France-Press (AFP) report
[in French, trans. CP, edited]
<http://www.romandie.com/infos/news2/100 ... t4nq4y.asp>
An epidemic of Lassa hemorrhagic fever now affecting several West
African countries, has reached Sierra Leone and so far has been
responsible for 2 deaths according to a statement from the Sierra
Leone Health Authorities issued on Monday [27 Sep 2010].
A 45-year-old woman and her 6-year-old son died in a private hospital
in the town of Kameni (Northern region) stated Dr Yankuma Bah who has
responsibility for health services in the region. He stated that: "On
the basis of laboratory tests, we have concluded that the deaths were
a consequence of Lassa virus infection." Another 7 people have
contracted Lassa hemorrhagic fever and 3 are in critical condition.
Rats are the source of Lassa fever infection. The disease is named
after a town in Nigeria where the 1st cases were observed in 1969.
Lassa virus is transmitted among humans by direct contact with the
blood, urine, and other biological secretions of an infected person.
Percy Blango, on behalf of the health services in the region, advised
that rats, which are often used as a food source in northern Sierra
Leone, should not be eaten.
The principal clinical signs of Lassa virus infection (fever,
vomiting, abdominal pain) are similar to those of malaria, dysentery,
and yellow fever, which complicates initial diagnosis of the
condition. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) between
300 000 and 500 000 people are affected by Lassa fever in West Africa
each year, and 5000 die as a consequence. Lassa fever is endemic in
parts of Nigeria, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and sporadically
affects other countries such as Senegal.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-FRA
<promed-fra@promedmail.org>
[Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease. The animal reservoir of Lassa
virus is a rodent of the genus _Mastomys_, commonly known as the
"multimammate rat." _Mastomys_ infected with Lassa virus do not become
ill, but they can shed the virus in their excreta. A photograph of a
multimammate rat can be viewed at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mastomys.jpg>.
About 80 percent of human infections are asymptomatic; the remaining
cases have severe multi-system disease, where the virus affects
several organs in the body, such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys.
The incubation period of Lassa fever ranges from 6-21 days. Further
information can be accessed at
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>.
The admonition in the report above that rodents should not be used as
a source of food does not imply that Lassa fever is a food borne
disease; it is contact with living and dead animals and their
surroundings that provides exposure to the virus.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Sierra Leone is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0bj5>. - Mod.CP]
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- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
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- Kontaktdaten:
Südafrika Tollwut
RABIES - SOUTH AFRICA (03): (GAUTENG), CANINE, HUMAN
***********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 4 Oct 2010
From: Lucille Blumberg <lucilleb@nicd.ac.za>
Rabies was confirmed as the cause of death in the 2-year-old child
who died in a Johannesburg hospital recently, one month after being
scratched by an unvaccinated, domestic puppy in Soweto. Laboratory
tests were conducted on post-mortem brain specimens at the National
Institute for Communicable Diseases and the Dept. of Anatomical
Pathology and were positive by RT-PCR and the fluorescent antibody test.
This is the 1st confirmed human case of rabies resulting from an
animal exposure in the Johannesburg (JHB) Metropolitan area. The
injury was relatively minor; rabies awareness is low in the area; a
health facility was not visited, and, consequently, the child did not
receive post-exposure prophylaxis.
This human rabies case coincides with a serious outbreak of rabies in
dogs in Johannesburg. As of Sun 3 Oct 2010, there have been a total
of 11 confirmed cases of rabies in dogs in the south western areas of
the Johannesburg Metropolitan area, predominantly in unvaccinated
domestic dogs. All isolates have been identified as canid biotype,
originating from KwaZulu province. The canid strain has never
previously been a problem in Gauteng.
Until this outbreak, the risk of rabies in JHB was very low, and,
therefore, there is limited awareness about what should be done to
prevent rabies disease in humans. Rabies vaccination of domestic dogs
and cats is, however, a legal requirement in South Africa, but
coverage is variable.
An extensive animal vaccination campaign was launched in May 2010
when the 1st dog cases were identified, and this is being coupled
with a campaign to raise the awareness amongst the population and
health professionals.
--
Prof. Lucille Blumberg,
Prof Janusz Paweska and Dr Jackie Weyer
(National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health
Laboratory Service);
Prof. Martin Hale
(Dept. of Anatomical Pathology, University of Witwatersrand and NHLS);
Dr Malcolm de Bude (Chief Director Veterinary Services, Gauteng province).
<lucilleb@nicd.ac.za>
[ProMED-mail thanks Professor Lucille Blumberg and colleagues for
providing this confirmation that rabies virus infection was the cause
of death of the 2-year-old child in Johannesburg as a consequence of
a dog-bite one month previously.
A map of the provinces of South Africa, showing the location of
Gauteng province and the city of Johannesburg, can be accessed at:
<http://www.places.co.za/html/visualfind.html>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of South Africa is available
at: <http://healthmap.org/r/00vd>. - Mod.CP]
***********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 4 Oct 2010
From: Lucille Blumberg <lucilleb@nicd.ac.za>
Rabies was confirmed as the cause of death in the 2-year-old child
who died in a Johannesburg hospital recently, one month after being
scratched by an unvaccinated, domestic puppy in Soweto. Laboratory
tests were conducted on post-mortem brain specimens at the National
Institute for Communicable Diseases and the Dept. of Anatomical
Pathology and were positive by RT-PCR and the fluorescent antibody test.
This is the 1st confirmed human case of rabies resulting from an
animal exposure in the Johannesburg (JHB) Metropolitan area. The
injury was relatively minor; rabies awareness is low in the area; a
health facility was not visited, and, consequently, the child did not
receive post-exposure prophylaxis.
This human rabies case coincides with a serious outbreak of rabies in
dogs in Johannesburg. As of Sun 3 Oct 2010, there have been a total
of 11 confirmed cases of rabies in dogs in the south western areas of
the Johannesburg Metropolitan area, predominantly in unvaccinated
domestic dogs. All isolates have been identified as canid biotype,
originating from KwaZulu province. The canid strain has never
previously been a problem in Gauteng.
Until this outbreak, the risk of rabies in JHB was very low, and,
therefore, there is limited awareness about what should be done to
prevent rabies disease in humans. Rabies vaccination of domestic dogs
and cats is, however, a legal requirement in South Africa, but
coverage is variable.
An extensive animal vaccination campaign was launched in May 2010
when the 1st dog cases were identified, and this is being coupled
with a campaign to raise the awareness amongst the population and
health professionals.
--
Prof. Lucille Blumberg,
Prof Janusz Paweska and Dr Jackie Weyer
(National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health
Laboratory Service);
Prof. Martin Hale
(Dept. of Anatomical Pathology, University of Witwatersrand and NHLS);
Dr Malcolm de Bude (Chief Director Veterinary Services, Gauteng province).
<lucilleb@nicd.ac.za>
[ProMED-mail thanks Professor Lucille Blumberg and colleagues for
providing this confirmation that rabies virus infection was the cause
of death of the 2-year-old child in Johannesburg as a consequence of
a dog-bite one month previously.
A map of the provinces of South Africa, showing the location of
Gauteng province and the city of Johannesburg, can be accessed at:
<http://www.places.co.za/html/visualfind.html>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of South Africa is available
at: <http://healthmap.org/r/00vd>. - Mod.CP]
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Gelbfieber Senegal
Yellow feverin Senegal
05.10.2010 - WHO
On 20 September 2010, the Ministry of Health in Senegal reported a suspected case of yellow fever in Mbour health district in Thies region which is approximately 50 kilometres from Dakar, where the suspected case was hospitalized.
The case was identified as a 27 year-old fisherman working in the Gambia (Tandji locality) who presented with clinical symptoms of fever and jaundice. Blood specimens from the patient were laboratory tested at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar and found to be IgM positive by ELISA and confirmed with PRNT, a more specific test. The patient had no history of yellow fever vaccination.
A second suspected case reported in Thies region, Senegal was also a fisherman from Tanji locality in the Gambia, showing neurologic symptoms including an altered mental state. This particular case was found not to be confirmed by the Institut Pasteur de Dakar.
Through WHO, the Gambia has been informed of the situation in order to assess the epidemiological situation in Tandji locality.
Senegal conducted a yellow fever preventive mass vaccination campaign in 2007, targeting more than 3.1 million people in all 18 districts not previously protected through outbreak response. In the health district of Thies, 314 713 people were targeted and vaccination coverage of 91.8% (88.3 - 95.3%) was achieved. This preventive campaign was part of the global Yellow Fever Initiative which aims to prevent yellow fever epidemics and secure adequate yellow fever vaccine supply for Africa. Routine infant immunization coverage against yellow fever in Senegal was 79% in 2009.
After the Gambia yellow fever outbreak in 1978-1979, a village-based serological retrospective study estimated some 8000 cases and 1700 deaths had occurred. According to some reports, the national vaccination coverage was estimated to be 95% in January 1979. The national routine infant immunization coverage reported for 2009 was 99%.
In the face of high routine and recent preventive vaccination coverage in both Senegal and the Gambia, an epidemic is not anticipated and emergency vaccination is not required at this time. Investigation around sporadic cases may identify pockets of unimmunized individuals and guide immunization and vector control strategies at the local level for those at risk.
05.10.2010 - WHO
On 20 September 2010, the Ministry of Health in Senegal reported a suspected case of yellow fever in Mbour health district in Thies region which is approximately 50 kilometres from Dakar, where the suspected case was hospitalized.
The case was identified as a 27 year-old fisherman working in the Gambia (Tandji locality) who presented with clinical symptoms of fever and jaundice. Blood specimens from the patient were laboratory tested at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar and found to be IgM positive by ELISA and confirmed with PRNT, a more specific test. The patient had no history of yellow fever vaccination.
A second suspected case reported in Thies region, Senegal was also a fisherman from Tanji locality in the Gambia, showing neurologic symptoms including an altered mental state. This particular case was found not to be confirmed by the Institut Pasteur de Dakar.
Through WHO, the Gambia has been informed of the situation in order to assess the epidemiological situation in Tandji locality.
Senegal conducted a yellow fever preventive mass vaccination campaign in 2007, targeting more than 3.1 million people in all 18 districts not previously protected through outbreak response. In the health district of Thies, 314 713 people were targeted and vaccination coverage of 91.8% (88.3 - 95.3%) was achieved. This preventive campaign was part of the global Yellow Fever Initiative which aims to prevent yellow fever epidemics and secure adequate yellow fever vaccine supply for Africa. Routine infant immunization coverage against yellow fever in Senegal was 79% in 2009.
After the Gambia yellow fever outbreak in 1978-1979, a village-based serological retrospective study estimated some 8000 cases and 1700 deaths had occurred. According to some reports, the national vaccination coverage was estimated to be 95% in January 1979. The national routine infant immunization coverage reported for 2009 was 99%.
In the face of high routine and recent preventive vaccination coverage in both Senegal and the Gambia, an epidemic is not anticipated and emergency vaccination is not required at this time. Investigation around sporadic cases may identify pockets of unimmunized individuals and guide immunization and vector control strategies at the local level for those at risk.
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Angola - Darminfektionen
05.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Epidemische Ausbrüche von Cholera gab es seit 2006 in zahlreichen Provinzen einschließlich der hygienisch schlecht versorgten Viertel der Hauptstadt Luanda mit einem Gipfel jeweils während der Regenzeit, dies ist auch in 2010 nicht anders zu erwarten. Polio zirkuliert nach einer Pause von 4 Jahren durch Reimporte erneut im Lande. 2007 wurden 8 Erkrankungen nachgewiesen, 2008 stieg die Zahl auf insgesamt 28 Erkrankungen an. Für 2009 wurden 29 Fälle gemeldet. Seit Februar 2010 sind 24 Erkrankungen aufgetreten, alle Fälle wurden aus der Hauptstadt Luanda oder aus zuvor poliofreien Provinzen (Bie, Bengo, Huambo, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul und Uige) gemeldet. Der letzte Fall wurde am 28. Juli 2010 gemeldet. Angola ist derzeit das einzige Land in Afrika, in dem sich Polio noch weiter ausbreitet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio) beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Kamerun - Cholera
05.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Auch Cholera-Ausbrüche kommen ganzjährig vor, insbesondere im Norden des Landes (Grenzgebiet zum Tschad), aber auch in der West- und der Littoral-Region. Nach Regierungsangaben sind 7.247 Menschen an Cholera erkrankt und 483 gestorben. Es wird vor einer Ausbreitung des Ausbruches aus dem Norden des Landes in Nachbarländer gewarnt. Hygiene beachten, bei Reisen in die Region ist eine Impfung zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Tschad - Darminfektionen
05.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Cholera hat sich seit dem ersten gemeldeten Fall dieses Jahres im Juni auf insgesamt 12 Distrikte einschließlich der Hauptstadt N’Djamena ausgebreitet. Insgesamt wurden bisher 1.836 Fälle gemeldet, ca. 96 Menschen verstarben. Polio, zuvor bereits ausgerottet, wurde seit 2003 aus dem benachbarten Nigeria mehrfach importiert. 2007 waren es nach einem vorübergehenden Rückgang wieder 22 Erkrankungen durch Wildvirus Typ 1 und 3 in verschiedenen Landesteilen. 2008 wurden 37 Fälle gemeldet. 2009 erkrankten insgesamt 66 Menschen an Polio. Seit Beginn des Jahres wurden 14 Fälle gemeldet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio) beachten. / Quelle: crm
05.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Epidemische Ausbrüche von Cholera gab es seit 2006 in zahlreichen Provinzen einschließlich der hygienisch schlecht versorgten Viertel der Hauptstadt Luanda mit einem Gipfel jeweils während der Regenzeit, dies ist auch in 2010 nicht anders zu erwarten. Polio zirkuliert nach einer Pause von 4 Jahren durch Reimporte erneut im Lande. 2007 wurden 8 Erkrankungen nachgewiesen, 2008 stieg die Zahl auf insgesamt 28 Erkrankungen an. Für 2009 wurden 29 Fälle gemeldet. Seit Februar 2010 sind 24 Erkrankungen aufgetreten, alle Fälle wurden aus der Hauptstadt Luanda oder aus zuvor poliofreien Provinzen (Bie, Bengo, Huambo, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul und Uige) gemeldet. Der letzte Fall wurde am 28. Juli 2010 gemeldet. Angola ist derzeit das einzige Land in Afrika, in dem sich Polio noch weiter ausbreitet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio) beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Kamerun - Cholera
05.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Auch Cholera-Ausbrüche kommen ganzjährig vor, insbesondere im Norden des Landes (Grenzgebiet zum Tschad), aber auch in der West- und der Littoral-Region. Nach Regierungsangaben sind 7.247 Menschen an Cholera erkrankt und 483 gestorben. Es wird vor einer Ausbreitung des Ausbruches aus dem Norden des Landes in Nachbarländer gewarnt. Hygiene beachten, bei Reisen in die Region ist eine Impfung zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Tschad - Darminfektionen
05.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Cholera hat sich seit dem ersten gemeldeten Fall dieses Jahres im Juni auf insgesamt 12 Distrikte einschließlich der Hauptstadt N’Djamena ausgebreitet. Insgesamt wurden bisher 1.836 Fälle gemeldet, ca. 96 Menschen verstarben. Polio, zuvor bereits ausgerottet, wurde seit 2003 aus dem benachbarten Nigeria mehrfach importiert. 2007 waren es nach einem vorübergehenden Rückgang wieder 22 Erkrankungen durch Wildvirus Typ 1 und 3 in verschiedenen Landesteilen. 2008 wurden 37 Fälle gemeldet. 2009 erkrankten insgesamt 66 Menschen an Polio. Seit Beginn des Jahres wurden 14 Fälle gemeldet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio) beachten. / Quelle: crm
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
UNDIAGNOSED SKIN DISEASE - NIGERIA: (SOKOTO)
********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 4 Oct 2010
Source: AllAfrica, Daily Trust report [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201010041232.html> [edited]
A strange skin disease that eats deep into the human body has broken
out in Sokoto, affecting a large number of the people. The disease
which is defying medical solution, is nicknamed "Mallam Fatori",
after a desert town in Borno State where it was said to have emanated from.
Victims suffering from the disease, who spoke to Daily Trust, said
they had been carrying the ailment for 5 to 9 months now and have
visited several hospitals including the Usman Danfodio University
Teaching Hospital, Sokoto (UDUTH), but could not get any solution.
Speaking exclusively to Daily Trust in Sokoto, 2 victims, [a
27-year-old man] and a woman, said in separate interviews that the
ailment started with different parts of their body itching [? from]
mosquito bites and developed rashes when they scratched the place
which turns into deep wounds.
The [man] said, "I noticed the ailment about 5 months ago. It is
affecting 8 different parts of my body as you can see. Since then I
have been to a leprosy hospital in Kaduna, the leprosy hospital in
Amanawa near Sokoto, UDUTH, and many other hospitals, but they do not
seem to know much about it and so could not offer any positive treatment.
"I know about 50 people that are suffering from the sickness in
Sokoto including women and children. Many of the patients watch
helplessly as the disease eats into their bodies without medical
solution. But at Amanawa hospital, the doctors said they were
suspecting it was the result of [leishmaniasis]," he said.
[The woman], who said she was infected with the disease in 2
different places on her body, said she had been suffering from it for
about 9 months now and was yet to find a cure after visiting 5
hospitals including UDUTH.
"My problem started with the affected parts itching me. When I
scratched it, boils came out. The boils remained small on the
surface, but inside my flesh, the wound had eaten deep. But the wound
does not [hurt] at all even though it keeps expanding internally. You
can see how small the boil is on the surface but this big, round
black mark is evidence that the wound has expanded internally," she said.
When Daily Trust visited UDUTH, the head of the medicine department
of the hospital, Professor Isezua, said arrangements were being made
to properly examine one of the patients suffering from the disease to
enable him to understand it before commenting on it.
The Sokoto State commissioner for information, Alhaji Dahiru
Maishanu, said the state government did not know about the disease.
But he said the state had mobile clinics that could be deployed to
any part to handle the emergence of any type of sickness reported to
government.
[Byline: Shehu Abubakar]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The text mentions leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis is a
possibility resulting in sores at the site of the bite by the
sandfly. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is found in northern Nigeria, but it
usually does not expand deep into the subcutaneous tissue. Diagnosis
is based on microscopy of fluid expressed from the edge of the wound,
which is supposed to be a well-known procedure in an endemic area.
Another possibility is tropical ulcer caused by fusiform bacteria. It
is surprising however, that this would spread as an epidemic, and it
would be possible to treat with proper antibiotics. Infection with
fusiform bacteria can spread through the subcutaneous tissue and
deeper through fascia, but the slow course over months is surprising
although it can develop into a chronic form.
A 3rd possibility is Buruli ulcer, caused by _Mycobacterium
ulcerans_, which causes a long standing chronic ulceration that can
also expand through subcutaneous tissue and penetrate fascia. This is
probably the most likely explanation for the described disease. (More
information on Buruli ulcer can be found at
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/>).
The reservoir for _Mycobacterium ulcerans_ and the transmission route
to humans are not known, but a recent study from Australia suggests
that contact with mammals is a possibility (Fyfe JA et al: A major
role for mammals in the ecology of _Mycobacterium ulcerans_. PLoS
Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Aug 10; 4(8): e791; available at
<http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:do ... td.0000791>).
- Mod.EP]
[Sokoto state, in north western Nigeria, can be located on the maps at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/0bXT>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
...................................ep/mj/dk
********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 4 Oct 2010
Source: AllAfrica, Daily Trust report [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201010041232.html> [edited]
A strange skin disease that eats deep into the human body has broken
out in Sokoto, affecting a large number of the people. The disease
which is defying medical solution, is nicknamed "Mallam Fatori",
after a desert town in Borno State where it was said to have emanated from.
Victims suffering from the disease, who spoke to Daily Trust, said
they had been carrying the ailment for 5 to 9 months now and have
visited several hospitals including the Usman Danfodio University
Teaching Hospital, Sokoto (UDUTH), but could not get any solution.
Speaking exclusively to Daily Trust in Sokoto, 2 victims, [a
27-year-old man] and a woman, said in separate interviews that the
ailment started with different parts of their body itching [? from]
mosquito bites and developed rashes when they scratched the place
which turns into deep wounds.
The [man] said, "I noticed the ailment about 5 months ago. It is
affecting 8 different parts of my body as you can see. Since then I
have been to a leprosy hospital in Kaduna, the leprosy hospital in
Amanawa near Sokoto, UDUTH, and many other hospitals, but they do not
seem to know much about it and so could not offer any positive treatment.
"I know about 50 people that are suffering from the sickness in
Sokoto including women and children. Many of the patients watch
helplessly as the disease eats into their bodies without medical
solution. But at Amanawa hospital, the doctors said they were
suspecting it was the result of [leishmaniasis]," he said.
[The woman], who said she was infected with the disease in 2
different places on her body, said she had been suffering from it for
about 9 months now and was yet to find a cure after visiting 5
hospitals including UDUTH.
"My problem started with the affected parts itching me. When I
scratched it, boils came out. The boils remained small on the
surface, but inside my flesh, the wound had eaten deep. But the wound
does not [hurt] at all even though it keeps expanding internally. You
can see how small the boil is on the surface but this big, round
black mark is evidence that the wound has expanded internally," she said.
When Daily Trust visited UDUTH, the head of the medicine department
of the hospital, Professor Isezua, said arrangements were being made
to properly examine one of the patients suffering from the disease to
enable him to understand it before commenting on it.
The Sokoto State commissioner for information, Alhaji Dahiru
Maishanu, said the state government did not know about the disease.
But he said the state had mobile clinics that could be deployed to
any part to handle the emergence of any type of sickness reported to
government.
[Byline: Shehu Abubakar]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The text mentions leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis is a
possibility resulting in sores at the site of the bite by the
sandfly. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is found in northern Nigeria, but it
usually does not expand deep into the subcutaneous tissue. Diagnosis
is based on microscopy of fluid expressed from the edge of the wound,
which is supposed to be a well-known procedure in an endemic area.
Another possibility is tropical ulcer caused by fusiform bacteria. It
is surprising however, that this would spread as an epidemic, and it
would be possible to treat with proper antibiotics. Infection with
fusiform bacteria can spread through the subcutaneous tissue and
deeper through fascia, but the slow course over months is surprising
although it can develop into a chronic form.
A 3rd possibility is Buruli ulcer, caused by _Mycobacterium
ulcerans_, which causes a long standing chronic ulceration that can
also expand through subcutaneous tissue and penetrate fascia. This is
probably the most likely explanation for the described disease. (More
information on Buruli ulcer can be found at
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/>).
The reservoir for _Mycobacterium ulcerans_ and the transmission route
to humans are not known, but a recent study from Australia suggests
that contact with mammals is a possibility (Fyfe JA et al: A major
role for mammals in the ecology of _Mycobacterium ulcerans_. PLoS
Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Aug 10; 4(8): e791; available at
<http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:do ... td.0000791>).
- Mod.EP]
[Sokoto state, in north western Nigeria, can be located on the maps at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/0bXT>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
...................................ep/mj/dk
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL - NAMIBIA: FATAL, REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Wed 29 Sep 2010
Source: AllAfrica, The Namibian report [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201009300212.html>
The Health Ministry will expand its meningitis vaccination campaign to
the rest of Windhoek [the capital and largest city of Namibia] early
next month [October 2010], minister Richard Kamwi said yesterday [28
Sep 2010].
The 1st vaccination campaign ended on Friday [?24 Sep 2010] in
Katutura, but there were not enough vaccines. "The 2nd vaccination
phase is planned for the week of 12-15 Oct 2010 targeting the rest of
Windhoek," Kamwi told Parliament. "We will continue to monitor the
situation in Windhoek and the rest of the country, especially at
Engela in north-central Namibia, Katima Mulilo in the Caprivi Region,
and the Walvis Bay district where cases of meningitis were reported,"
Kamwi added. He urged the nation to be conscious of hygiene and to
wash hands frequently to prevent infections.
Last week's [week of 20 Sep 2010] vaccinations in Katutura reached 171
843 people. So far 43 suspected cases have been reported in Namibia of
which 21 were confirmed to be meningococcal meningitis. To date 5
people have died during this outbreak.
Meningitis is a serious infection of the lining that surrounds the
brain and the spinal cord. It is spread from person to person through
droplets of the respiratory or throat secretions. Close contact or
living in close contact with an infected person facilitates the spread
of this disease. The symptoms are a stiff neck, high fever, headaches,
vomiting, sensitivity to light, and confusion.
[Byline: Brigitte Weidlich]
--
Communicated by:
Michelle Sellors
Specialist Nurse Travel Health
MASTA Ltd
<michelle.sellors@masta.org>
[Namibia is not in the meningitis belt in Africa; see the prior
ProMED-mail post archive number 20100426.1343 for a discussion of
meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt. Although
prior outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis in Namibia, reported by
ProMED-mail in 2000 and 2007, occurred in the northern regions of this
country, the current outbreak is occurring in north and central
regions of Namibia, according to the news release above. More specific
information about the serogroup(s) of meningococcus responsible would
be appreciated.
Namibia, located in southwestern Africa, is bordered on the north by
Angola and Zambia, on the south by South Africa, on the east mainly by
Botswana, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital and
largest city is Windhoek, located in central Namibia. The population
of Windhoek is about 350 000 people and more than 200 000 of them live
in the northern area of Windhoek called Katutura
(<http://www.phillipmartin.info/webpage/t ... tutura.htm>). In Katutura unemployment is high and a majority of the population lives in poor conditions. Walvis bay is a port located halfway down the Atlantic coast of Namibia. Caprivi region is a heavily tropical area located in northeastern Namibia and Engela is located in north-central Namibia, near the border with
Angola.
A map of the African bacterial meningitis belt can be found at
<http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/images/380.ashx>.
A map showing the regions of Namibia can be found at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Namibia>
and the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the country can be
accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/009K>. - Mod.ML]
******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Wed 29 Sep 2010
Source: AllAfrica, The Namibian report [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201009300212.html>
The Health Ministry will expand its meningitis vaccination campaign to
the rest of Windhoek [the capital and largest city of Namibia] early
next month [October 2010], minister Richard Kamwi said yesterday [28
Sep 2010].
The 1st vaccination campaign ended on Friday [?24 Sep 2010] in
Katutura, but there were not enough vaccines. "The 2nd vaccination
phase is planned for the week of 12-15 Oct 2010 targeting the rest of
Windhoek," Kamwi told Parliament. "We will continue to monitor the
situation in Windhoek and the rest of the country, especially at
Engela in north-central Namibia, Katima Mulilo in the Caprivi Region,
and the Walvis Bay district where cases of meningitis were reported,"
Kamwi added. He urged the nation to be conscious of hygiene and to
wash hands frequently to prevent infections.
Last week's [week of 20 Sep 2010] vaccinations in Katutura reached 171
843 people. So far 43 suspected cases have been reported in Namibia of
which 21 were confirmed to be meningococcal meningitis. To date 5
people have died during this outbreak.
Meningitis is a serious infection of the lining that surrounds the
brain and the spinal cord. It is spread from person to person through
droplets of the respiratory or throat secretions. Close contact or
living in close contact with an infected person facilitates the spread
of this disease. The symptoms are a stiff neck, high fever, headaches,
vomiting, sensitivity to light, and confusion.
[Byline: Brigitte Weidlich]
--
Communicated by:
Michelle Sellors
Specialist Nurse Travel Health
MASTA Ltd
<michelle.sellors@masta.org>
[Namibia is not in the meningitis belt in Africa; see the prior
ProMED-mail post archive number 20100426.1343 for a discussion of
meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt. Although
prior outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis in Namibia, reported by
ProMED-mail in 2000 and 2007, occurred in the northern regions of this
country, the current outbreak is occurring in north and central
regions of Namibia, according to the news release above. More specific
information about the serogroup(s) of meningococcus responsible would
be appreciated.
Namibia, located in southwestern Africa, is bordered on the north by
Angola and Zambia, on the south by South Africa, on the east mainly by
Botswana, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital and
largest city is Windhoek, located in central Namibia. The population
of Windhoek is about 350 000 people and more than 200 000 of them live
in the northern area of Windhoek called Katutura
(<http://www.phillipmartin.info/webpage/t ... tutura.htm>). In Katutura unemployment is high and a majority of the population lives in poor conditions. Walvis bay is a port located halfway down the Atlantic coast of Namibia. Caprivi region is a heavily tropical area located in northeastern Namibia and Engela is located in north-central Namibia, near the border with
Angola.
A map of the African bacterial meningitis belt can be found at
<http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/images/380.ashx>.
A map showing the regions of Namibia can be found at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Namibia>
and the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the country can be
accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/009K>. - Mod.ML]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Cholera in Central Africa
08.10.2010 - WHO
The current wave of cholera outbreaks affecting Central Africa started a few months ago. As of 3 October, 40 468 cases and 1 879 deaths have been reported in four countries (Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria). Seasonal factors, such as the rainy season with flooding, as well as poor hygiene conditions and population movements in the area contribute to this unusually high incidence of cholera. Nevertheless this area known to be endemic for cholera is regularly affected by small outbreaks.
WHO, with international and national health partners, is providing technical support to the ministries of health at the country and sub-regional levels. WHO is working to strengthen surveillance activities. Supplies for case management and chlorination of water have also been dispatched to some of the affected areas. The Ministries of Health of the four affected countries are planning to organize a cross border meeting in Abuja in order to reinforce the surveillance and revise the preparedness and response plans to cholera epidemics in the localities around Lake Chad.
Breakdown by country:
Cameroon:
7 869 cases including 515 deaths (case fatality rate -CFR 6.5%) have been reported in 6 regions (Centre, Extreme Nord, Littoral, Nord, Ouest, Sud Ouest) between 6 May and 3 October. The majority of cases (97%) are reported from the Extreme Nord region. Preventive and control measures are ongoing. A Cholera Command and Control Centre has been set up in Maroua in the Extreme Nord region by the Ministry of Health with the support from WHO as health cluster lead and in close collaboration with other health and water and sanitation partners. The role of the Centre is to provide technical coordination for partners in the areas of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance, case management, social mobilization, logistics and infection control/water and sanitation in treatment centres. The system should also provide immediate alerts of new outbreaks.
Chad:
2 508 cases including 111 deaths (CFR 4.4%) are reported in 12 health districts in 6 regions between 13 July and 3 October. Prevention and control measures are being implemented by national authorities with support from several partners (Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), National Red Cross, Oxfam, The International Rescue Committee (IRC), International Medical Corps (IMC), UNICEF, WHO).
Niger:
976 cases including 62 deaths (CFR 6.4%) have been reported in Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder regions between 3 July and 1 October. Preventive and control measures are ongoing.
Nigeria:
29 115 cases including 1 191 deaths (CFR 4.1%) have been reported between 4 January and 3 October, in 144 LGAs in 15 States including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The outbreak is still ongoing and spreading to new geographical areas. Severe flooding and displacement of large numbers of people have occurred, aggravating the situation.
08.10.2010 - WHO
The current wave of cholera outbreaks affecting Central Africa started a few months ago. As of 3 October, 40 468 cases and 1 879 deaths have been reported in four countries (Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria). Seasonal factors, such as the rainy season with flooding, as well as poor hygiene conditions and population movements in the area contribute to this unusually high incidence of cholera. Nevertheless this area known to be endemic for cholera is regularly affected by small outbreaks.
WHO, with international and national health partners, is providing technical support to the ministries of health at the country and sub-regional levels. WHO is working to strengthen surveillance activities. Supplies for case management and chlorination of water have also been dispatched to some of the affected areas. The Ministries of Health of the four affected countries are planning to organize a cross border meeting in Abuja in order to reinforce the surveillance and revise the preparedness and response plans to cholera epidemics in the localities around Lake Chad.
Breakdown by country:
Cameroon:
7 869 cases including 515 deaths (case fatality rate -CFR 6.5%) have been reported in 6 regions (Centre, Extreme Nord, Littoral, Nord, Ouest, Sud Ouest) between 6 May and 3 October. The majority of cases (97%) are reported from the Extreme Nord region. Preventive and control measures are ongoing. A Cholera Command and Control Centre has been set up in Maroua in the Extreme Nord region by the Ministry of Health with the support from WHO as health cluster lead and in close collaboration with other health and water and sanitation partners. The role of the Centre is to provide technical coordination for partners in the areas of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance, case management, social mobilization, logistics and infection control/water and sanitation in treatment centres. The system should also provide immediate alerts of new outbreaks.
Chad:
2 508 cases including 111 deaths (CFR 4.4%) are reported in 12 health districts in 6 regions between 13 July and 3 October. Prevention and control measures are being implemented by national authorities with support from several partners (Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), National Red Cross, Oxfam, The International Rescue Committee (IRC), International Medical Corps (IMC), UNICEF, WHO).
Niger:
976 cases including 62 deaths (CFR 6.4%) have been reported in Diffa, Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder regions between 3 July and 1 October. Preventive and control measures are ongoing.
Nigeria:
29 115 cases including 1 191 deaths (CFR 4.1%) have been reported between 4 January and 3 October, in 144 LGAs in 15 States including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The outbreak is still ongoing and spreading to new geographical areas. Severe flooding and displacement of large numbers of people have occurred, aggravating the situation.
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Sambia - Schlafkrankheit
08.10.2010
Mitte September ist eine 55-jährige Engländerin an den Mana Pools in der Nähe des Kariba-Sees mit Trypanosomen infiziert worden. Sie wird in London behandelt. Bei einem amerikanischen Reiserückkehrer aus Sambia wurde im August die Schlafkrankheit nachgewiesen. Er war Teilnehmer einer Jagdsafari im South Luangwa River Valley Reservat (südlich des South Luangwe Nationalparks). Zuvor war ein weiterer Fall eines Einheimischen gemeldet worden. Schutz vor Tsetse-Fliegen beachten. / Quelle: crm
______________________________
Tschad - Darminfektionen
08.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Nachdem die Regenzeit in diesem Jahr früher und heftiger als normalerweise einsetzte, sind viele Ernten vernichtet und einige Dörfer von der Außenwelt abgeschnitten. Daher gibt es wesentlich mehr Cholera–Fälle als in den Vorjahren. Insgesamt wurden zwischen Juni und September 2010 in zwölf Distrikten des Landes mehr als 2.400 Cholerafälle gemeldet - vor allem im Westen und in Zentraltschad. 109 Menschen sind bereits an der Krankheit gestorben. Auch einen Masern-Ausbruch habe es gegeben, meldet Ärzte ohne Grenzen. Polio, zuvor bereits ausgerottet, wurde seit 2003 aus dem benachbarten Nigeria mehrfach importiert. 2007 waren es nach einem vorübergehenden Rückgang wieder 22 Erkrankungen durch Wildvirus Typ 1 und 3 in verschiedenen Landesteilen. 2008 wurden 37 Fälle gemeldet. 2009 erkrankten insgesamt 66 Menschen an Polio. Seit Beginn des Jahres wurden 14 Fälle gemeldet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio, Masern) beachten. / Quelle: crm
08.10.2010
Mitte September ist eine 55-jährige Engländerin an den Mana Pools in der Nähe des Kariba-Sees mit Trypanosomen infiziert worden. Sie wird in London behandelt. Bei einem amerikanischen Reiserückkehrer aus Sambia wurde im August die Schlafkrankheit nachgewiesen. Er war Teilnehmer einer Jagdsafari im South Luangwa River Valley Reservat (südlich des South Luangwe Nationalparks). Zuvor war ein weiterer Fall eines Einheimischen gemeldet worden. Schutz vor Tsetse-Fliegen beachten. / Quelle: crm
______________________________
Tschad - Darminfektionen
08.10.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Nachdem die Regenzeit in diesem Jahr früher und heftiger als normalerweise einsetzte, sind viele Ernten vernichtet und einige Dörfer von der Außenwelt abgeschnitten. Daher gibt es wesentlich mehr Cholera–Fälle als in den Vorjahren. Insgesamt wurden zwischen Juni und September 2010 in zwölf Distrikten des Landes mehr als 2.400 Cholerafälle gemeldet - vor allem im Westen und in Zentraltschad. 109 Menschen sind bereits an der Krankheit gestorben. Auch einen Masern-Ausbruch habe es gegeben, meldet Ärzte ohne Grenzen. Polio, zuvor bereits ausgerottet, wurde seit 2003 aus dem benachbarten Nigeria mehrfach importiert. 2007 waren es nach einem vorübergehenden Rückgang wieder 22 Erkrankungen durch Wildvirus Typ 1 und 3 in verschiedenen Landesteilen. 2008 wurden 37 Fälle gemeldet. 2009 erkrankten insgesamt 66 Menschen an Polio. Seit Beginn des Jahres wurden 14 Fälle gemeldet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio, Masern) beachten. / Quelle: crm
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Sudan records 6,300 cases of kala-azar epidemic in past year, UN seeks funding
08.10.2010 - channel6news
The United Nations (UN) on Friday announced that it is seeking increased funding for response to the kala-azar epidemic in south Sudan. According to a UN report, over 6,300 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease also known as kala-azar, have been recorded in southern Sudan over the past year [...] With more than 300 people having died in the latest outbreak of kala-azar, The UN World Health Organization (WHO) put the case fatality rate at 4.7 per cent, adding that the number of cases is more than six times higher compared to 2007 when 758 cases were recorded, and 2008 when there were 582 cases [...] The spike in cases was recorded during the rainy season between May and September this year, a period when normally fewer cases are expected. The increased cases were reported particularly in Old Fangak and Ayod counties in Jonglei. “The increased number of cases in Old Fangak, Ayod and surrounding areas is very disturbing and it is becoming difficult to contain the outbreak,” said Abdi Aden, head of WHO’s office in southern Sudan [...] The kala-azar outbreak could worsen between now and April next year ... mehr
Gruß
Birgitt
08.10.2010 - channel6news
The United Nations (UN) on Friday announced that it is seeking increased funding for response to the kala-azar epidemic in south Sudan. According to a UN report, over 6,300 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease also known as kala-azar, have been recorded in southern Sudan over the past year [...] With more than 300 people having died in the latest outbreak of kala-azar, The UN World Health Organization (WHO) put the case fatality rate at 4.7 per cent, adding that the number of cases is more than six times higher compared to 2007 when 758 cases were recorded, and 2008 when there were 582 cases [...] The spike in cases was recorded during the rainy season between May and September this year, a period when normally fewer cases are expected. The increased cases were reported particularly in Old Fangak and Ayod counties in Jonglei. “The increased number of cases in Old Fangak, Ayod and surrounding areas is very disturbing and it is becoming difficult to contain the outbreak,” said Abdi Aden, head of WHO’s office in southern Sudan [...] The kala-azar outbreak could worsen between now and April next year ... mehr
Gruß
Birgitt
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
LASSA FEVER - SIERRA LEONE (02): (NORTHERN)
*******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 8 Oct 2010
Source: News 24, Agence Franc-Presse report [edited]
<http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/45-di ... e-20101007>
45 die from Lassa fever in Sierra Leone
---------------------------------------
Health officials in Sierra Leone on Thursday [8 Oct 2010] said 45
people had died from Lassa fever in the 1st 9 months of the year
including a woman who ran a rat meat restaurant.
The head of the health ministry's national disease surveillance unit,
Foday Dafae, said that up to 152 cases of Lassa fever, which can be
transmitted by bush rats, had so far been confirmed for the same
period. Dafae said tests showed 21 people had come into contact with
the woman and her 6-year-old son, who also died, in the northern city
of Makeni. All others survived after emergency treatment.
According to the official, the disease which has migrated from the
forest region of the east to the savannah grasslands of the north,
causes fever, sore throat, chest pain, diarrhoea and loss of hearing.
Medical experts here said the disease was 1st discovered in the
northern Nigerian village of Lassa in 1969 and it was now endemic in
parts of West Africa including Liberia, Guinea, Senegal and rural Sierra Leone.
--
Communicated by:
HealthMap alerts via
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The death of the woman and her son and 7 other cases (3 in serious
condition) were reported on 27 Sep 2010 in the north of the country.
Now it is revealed that in all 21 people contracted Lassa fever
through contact with the deceased woman and all (except her son) have
survived following emergency treatment.
It is now revealed that that during the past 9 months there have been
in total up to 152 cases and 45 deaths in Sierra Leone. It is clear
that a major outbreak of Lassa fever has occurred since normally
about 80 percent of human infections are asymptomatic. Those affected
suffer severe multi-system disease, where the virus affects several
organs in the body, such as the liver, spleen and kidneys. The
incubation period of Lassa fever ranges from 6-21 days. Deafness
occurs in 25 percent of patients of whom half recover some function
after 1-3 months. Transient hair loss and gait disturbance may occur
during recovery. The overall case-fatality rate is 1 percent, and up
to 15 percent among hospitalized patients. Death usually occurs
within 14 days of onset in fatal cases. The disease is especially
severe late in pregnancy, with maternal death and/or fetal loss
occurring in greater than 80 percent of cases during the 3rd trimester.
Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease. The animal reservoir of the virus
causing Lassa fever are rodents of the genus _Mastomys_, commonly
known as the multimammate or bush rat. These rodents when infected
with Lassa virus do not become ill, but they can shed the virus in
their excreta.
Human outbreaks occur in relation to the prevalence of Lassa virus in
the rodent population. Humans usually become infected with Lassa
virus casually from exposure to excreta of infected Mastomy and by
the snaring and preparation of these animals as a source of food.
There is no protective vaccine available but the antiviral drug
ribavirin is an effective treatment for Lassa fever if given early on
in the course of clinical illness.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Sierra Leone is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0bj5>. - Mod.CP]
*******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 8 Oct 2010
Source: News 24, Agence Franc-Presse report [edited]
<http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/45-di ... e-20101007>
45 die from Lassa fever in Sierra Leone
---------------------------------------
Health officials in Sierra Leone on Thursday [8 Oct 2010] said 45
people had died from Lassa fever in the 1st 9 months of the year
including a woman who ran a rat meat restaurant.
The head of the health ministry's national disease surveillance unit,
Foday Dafae, said that up to 152 cases of Lassa fever, which can be
transmitted by bush rats, had so far been confirmed for the same
period. Dafae said tests showed 21 people had come into contact with
the woman and her 6-year-old son, who also died, in the northern city
of Makeni. All others survived after emergency treatment.
According to the official, the disease which has migrated from the
forest region of the east to the savannah grasslands of the north,
causes fever, sore throat, chest pain, diarrhoea and loss of hearing.
Medical experts here said the disease was 1st discovered in the
northern Nigerian village of Lassa in 1969 and it was now endemic in
parts of West Africa including Liberia, Guinea, Senegal and rural Sierra Leone.
--
Communicated by:
HealthMap alerts via
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The death of the woman and her son and 7 other cases (3 in serious
condition) were reported on 27 Sep 2010 in the north of the country.
Now it is revealed that in all 21 people contracted Lassa fever
through contact with the deceased woman and all (except her son) have
survived following emergency treatment.
It is now revealed that that during the past 9 months there have been
in total up to 152 cases and 45 deaths in Sierra Leone. It is clear
that a major outbreak of Lassa fever has occurred since normally
about 80 percent of human infections are asymptomatic. Those affected
suffer severe multi-system disease, where the virus affects several
organs in the body, such as the liver, spleen and kidneys. The
incubation period of Lassa fever ranges from 6-21 days. Deafness
occurs in 25 percent of patients of whom half recover some function
after 1-3 months. Transient hair loss and gait disturbance may occur
during recovery. The overall case-fatality rate is 1 percent, and up
to 15 percent among hospitalized patients. Death usually occurs
within 14 days of onset in fatal cases. The disease is especially
severe late in pregnancy, with maternal death and/or fetal loss
occurring in greater than 80 percent of cases during the 3rd trimester.
Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease. The animal reservoir of the virus
causing Lassa fever are rodents of the genus _Mastomys_, commonly
known as the multimammate or bush rat. These rodents when infected
with Lassa virus do not become ill, but they can shed the virus in
their excreta.
Human outbreaks occur in relation to the prevalence of Lassa virus in
the rodent population. Humans usually become infected with Lassa
virus casually from exposure to excreta of infected Mastomy and by
the snaring and preparation of these animals as a source of food.
There is no protective vaccine available but the antiviral drug
ribavirin is an effective treatment for Lassa fever if given early on
in the course of clinical illness.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Sierra Leone is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0bj5>. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL - SUDAN (02): (SOUTHERN)
************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Fri 8 Oct 2010
Source: BBC News [edited]
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11503876>
Leishmaniasis increases 6-fold in southern Sudan
------------------------------------------------
The number of cases of a potentially fatal parasitic disease
[leishmaniasis] has increased 6-fold in southern Sudan. Visceral
leishmaniasis -- also known as kala-azar -- is the most severe form
of the disease. More than 6000 people have been infected and more
than 300 have died in the last year.
The World Health Organization and the Sudanese ministry of health are
leading the distribution of treatments and testing equipment to affected areas.
Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the Leishmania parasite and
transmitted via the bite of an infected sand fly. It is the most
dangerous form of the disease because the parasite migrates into the
spleen and liver. It causes high fever, significant weight loss,
enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. If left untreated
visceral leishmaniasis is nearly always fatal.
The number of cases from September 2009 until now is more than 6
times higher than in 2007-08. The counties of Old Fangak and Ayod in
the south of the country are particularly affected.
"Before the situation becomes uncontrollable, we must do something
about it," Dr Abdi Aden WHO Dr Abdi Aden, head of the WHO's office
for Southern Sudan said. "The increased number of cases in Old
Fangak, Ayod and surrounding areas is very disturbing and it is
becoming difficult to contain the outbreak."
To keep responding to the outbreak over the next 6 months an
additional USD 700 000 is needed. This will buy more treatments,
diagnostic kits as well as food supplies.
Kala-azar suppresses the immune system making patients vulnerable to
other infections like pneumonia and malaria. Those that are
malnourished are at particularly high risk of dying. The disease is
difficult to treat -- daily injections for a month are needed, so
patients need to stay close to health facilities. But many patients
still cannot reach treatment centres due to insecurity, flooding and distance.
Dr Mounir Christo Lado of the Sudanese ministry of health said the
kala-azar outbreak could worsen between now and next spring.
"Insecurity, flooding and the lack of health facilities across a vast
geographical area are all playing a part in limiting access to
treatment for this deadly disease," he said.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Leishmaniasis is endemic in southern Sudan. A recent review has just
been published: Postigo JA. Leishmaniasis in the World Health
Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. Int J Antimicrob Agents.
2010 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print].
In southern Sudan transmission of _Leishmania donovani_ from human to
human is probably the most important route of infection. Thus a
breakdown of vector control and lack of treatment facilities and
resources could be one explanation for the surge in cases.
Leishmaniasis is an HIV-associated infection and the surge could also
be HIV-related. The previously reported outbreak in Jonglei State is
probably part of the increase in cases in this report. - Mod.EP]
************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Fri 8 Oct 2010
Source: BBC News [edited]
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11503876>
Leishmaniasis increases 6-fold in southern Sudan
------------------------------------------------
The number of cases of a potentially fatal parasitic disease
[leishmaniasis] has increased 6-fold in southern Sudan. Visceral
leishmaniasis -- also known as kala-azar -- is the most severe form
of the disease. More than 6000 people have been infected and more
than 300 have died in the last year.
The World Health Organization and the Sudanese ministry of health are
leading the distribution of treatments and testing equipment to affected areas.
Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the Leishmania parasite and
transmitted via the bite of an infected sand fly. It is the most
dangerous form of the disease because the parasite migrates into the
spleen and liver. It causes high fever, significant weight loss,
enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. If left untreated
visceral leishmaniasis is nearly always fatal.
The number of cases from September 2009 until now is more than 6
times higher than in 2007-08. The counties of Old Fangak and Ayod in
the south of the country are particularly affected.
"Before the situation becomes uncontrollable, we must do something
about it," Dr Abdi Aden WHO Dr Abdi Aden, head of the WHO's office
for Southern Sudan said. "The increased number of cases in Old
Fangak, Ayod and surrounding areas is very disturbing and it is
becoming difficult to contain the outbreak."
To keep responding to the outbreak over the next 6 months an
additional USD 700 000 is needed. This will buy more treatments,
diagnostic kits as well as food supplies.
Kala-azar suppresses the immune system making patients vulnerable to
other infections like pneumonia and malaria. Those that are
malnourished are at particularly high risk of dying. The disease is
difficult to treat -- daily injections for a month are needed, so
patients need to stay close to health facilities. But many patients
still cannot reach treatment centres due to insecurity, flooding and distance.
Dr Mounir Christo Lado of the Sudanese ministry of health said the
kala-azar outbreak could worsen between now and next spring.
"Insecurity, flooding and the lack of health facilities across a vast
geographical area are all playing a part in limiting access to
treatment for this deadly disease," he said.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Leishmaniasis is endemic in southern Sudan. A recent review has just
been published: Postigo JA. Leishmaniasis in the World Health
Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. Int J Antimicrob Agents.
2010 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print].
In southern Sudan transmission of _Leishmania donovani_ from human to
human is probably the most important route of infection. Thus a
breakdown of vector control and lack of treatment facilities and
resources could be one explanation for the surge in cases.
Leishmaniasis is an HIV-associated infection and the surge could also
be HIV-related. The previously reported outbreak in Jonglei State is
probably part of the increase in cases in this report. - Mod.EP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35199
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Tollwut Algerien
RABIES - ALGERIA: (SETIF) ANIMAL, HUMAN EXPOSURE, ALERT
*******************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Sat 9 Oct 2010
Source: Setif.Info [In French, trans. by SB, edited]
<http://www.setif.info/article4794.html>
17 cases of animal bites are recorded daily in Setif
----------------------------------------------------
Algeria continues to record cases of rabies in proportions which are
causing increasing concern. The fight against this phenomenon is
dependent on a strategy of action against environmental degradation
and preservation of public health. Rabies, and other diseases caused
by bites, are a permanent danger in our country which threaten
Algerian society, particularly since their occurrence is facilitated
by environmental degradation, particularly in urban areas. According
to the prevention service of the Directorate of Health in Setif, 17
cases of animal bites are recorded daily in this wilaya
[administrative region] despite efforts being made locally.
In 2008 in Algeria 84 717 people were vaccinated as a consequence of
animal bites. In Setif during that period 6198 people were vaccinated
as a consequence of animal bites, a figure which is the highest for
the whole country.
According to statistics provided by the Ministry of Health, 66
percent of the cases were accounted for by dog bites, 18 percent by
cat bites, 11 percent by rat bites, and the remaining 5 percent
undefined. The wort aspect of these figures is that animal bites
account for 20 to 44 percent of all registered medical conditions
registered for treatment at the national level.
[Byline: Khalil Hedna]
--
Communicated by:
HealthMap alerts via
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Setif is a town in northeastern Algeria. It is the capital of Setif
province (wilaya) and it has a population of 239 195 inhabitants as
of the 1998 census. Setif is located to the east of Algiers and is
the 2nd most important wilaya after the country's capital.
This press report does not specify the numbers of human and animal
cases of rabies virus infection recorded throughout Algeria, or even
in the city of Setif, but they must be presumed to be considerable.
It is clear that post-exposure vaccination is well organised, but it
is less clear whether any measures are in place to tackle the
incidence of rabies in domestic and other animals.
People intending to visit Algeria should be made aware of the current
situation. (For those interested the original text is accompanied by
a photograph illustrating what is meant by a 'degraded urban environment.'
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Algeria can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/009O>. - Mod.CP]
...................sb/cp/ejp/dk
*******************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Sat 9 Oct 2010
Source: Setif.Info [In French, trans. by SB, edited]
<http://www.setif.info/article4794.html>
17 cases of animal bites are recorded daily in Setif
----------------------------------------------------
Algeria continues to record cases of rabies in proportions which are
causing increasing concern. The fight against this phenomenon is
dependent on a strategy of action against environmental degradation
and preservation of public health. Rabies, and other diseases caused
by bites, are a permanent danger in our country which threaten
Algerian society, particularly since their occurrence is facilitated
by environmental degradation, particularly in urban areas. According
to the prevention service of the Directorate of Health in Setif, 17
cases of animal bites are recorded daily in this wilaya
[administrative region] despite efforts being made locally.
In 2008 in Algeria 84 717 people were vaccinated as a consequence of
animal bites. In Setif during that period 6198 people were vaccinated
as a consequence of animal bites, a figure which is the highest for
the whole country.
According to statistics provided by the Ministry of Health, 66
percent of the cases were accounted for by dog bites, 18 percent by
cat bites, 11 percent by rat bites, and the remaining 5 percent
undefined. The wort aspect of these figures is that animal bites
account for 20 to 44 percent of all registered medical conditions
registered for treatment at the national level.
[Byline: Khalil Hedna]
--
Communicated by:
HealthMap alerts via
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Setif is a town in northeastern Algeria. It is the capital of Setif
province (wilaya) and it has a population of 239 195 inhabitants as
of the 1998 census. Setif is located to the east of Algiers and is
the 2nd most important wilaya after the country's capital.
This press report does not specify the numbers of human and animal
cases of rabies virus infection recorded throughout Algeria, or even
in the city of Setif, but they must be presumed to be considerable.
It is clear that post-exposure vaccination is well organised, but it
is less clear whether any measures are in place to tackle the
incidence of rabies in domestic and other animals.
People intending to visit Algeria should be made aware of the current
situation. (For those interested the original text is accompanied by
a photograph illustrating what is meant by a 'degraded urban environment.'
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Algeria can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/009O>. - Mod.CP]
...................sb/cp/ejp/dk