Guineawurm-Krankheit (Drakunkulose)

[Birgitt]

Die Guineawurm-Krankheit könnte innerhalb von zwei Jahren eliminiert werden, sagte der frühere US-Präsident und Anti-Krankheits-Aktivist Jimmy Carter. Es wäre nach den Pocken erst das zweite Mal in der Geschichte der Menschheit, dass eine Krankheit vollständig ausgerottet würde. Carter sagte, dass die Infektionen der schmerzhaften und schwächenden Krankheit um 99 % zurückgegangen sind. Der Guineawurm ist verbreitet in ganz Afrika von Mali bis Äthiopien, mit den meisten aktuellen Fällen im Sudan. In den ersten zehn Monaten dieses Jahres wurden weltweit nur 4.410 Fälle gemeldet, von denen 80 % im Sudan aufgetreten sind ...

Guinea worm 'almost eradicated'
06.12.2008 - BBC

Gruß
Birgitt

[schnorr]

zu dem wurm schreibt wiki
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medinawurm

brrrrrrr

[ursula]

Guineawurm - Dracunculose - Dracunculiasis - Dragontiase - Guinea Wurm - Medinawurm

leider gibt es diesen schrecklichen Parasiten immer noch: im Süd-Sudan, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Togo, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Äthiopien (zT aus dem Sudan eingeschleppt) Quelle.

Es handelt sich in der Statistik nur um die gemeldeten Erkrankungen! es ist noch gar nicht lange her, dass ich im Süden von Mauretanien, in Aleg oder Kiffa, einen solchen Befall gesehen habe

nur für starke Nerven



würg -
Ursula

[Roger-Tecumseh]

STARKE NERVEN!!!

Beim Betrachten huscht wieder mal die grundsätzliche Frage durch's Gemüt: Warum hat Adam - dieser naive Dummbeutel - nicht damals seiner Eva nachdrücklich auf die Finger geklopft (wenn ihm schon nichts anderes einfiel!), als sie, von lüsterner Neugier getrieben, den Apfel vom Bäumchen brach?? Erst danach begann ja das Heulen und Zähneknirschen dort Draußen; Würmer, Bakterien, Viren und alle Bewohner des unsichtbaren Mikrokosmos dürfen seither ungestraft der "Krone der Schöpfung" Haut und Gebeine höhlen! )

[Birgitt]

Starke Nerven ???

U R S U L A !!!!!!!!!!!!!

pfuiii, iiiiiihhh, brrrrrrrr

Geschockt
Birgitt

[Wolfgang K]

...das Abendessen fällt aus...

naja, schadet mir nicht

[Roger-Tecumseh]

Besser, wenn es ausfällt, als wenn es -

herausfällt!!

[Birgitt]

So ein paar leckere geröstete Würmer zum Dinner ....
homemade, aus eigener Zucht

you kill it, we grill it

Schmeckt ausgebrochen gut
Birgitt

[Roger-Tecumseh]

So ein paar leckere geröstete Würmer zum Dinner ....

Du hast Dich ja sehr schnell von Deinem Schock erholt, da Du nun schon biologisch (und ökologisch - da keinerlei Transportwege!) einwandfreie Kochrezepte anbieten kannst!

[dietmar.peter]

Hallo,
bei unseren Fahrten in Südsudan sind wir in den Dörfern oft mit dem Problem des Guineawurms konfrontiert worden. Wegen Mangels an Trinkwasser wird das Wasser aus Regenfützen und Tümpeln getrunken.



Regelmäßig waren die Menschen dort unversorgt (zB. in der Gegend von Juba hoch nach Yirol).
Anfang 2009 sind wir erstmals in Mundari Buma Boma (Terekeka County), also westlich des Nils, einen älteren Mann des Mandarin-Stammes begegnet, der Chef eines kleinen Depots der Carter-Stiftung war und der mit seinem alten Fahrrad weit in den Busch fährt, um dort Aufklärung zu betreiben und die Filter-Röhrchen zu verteilen. Damit kann man nun unbedenklich Wasser aus allen Wasseransammlungen trinken (vielmehr saugen).
Die Gegend ist nicht unbedingt sicher wegen des Viehdiebstahls.



Er hatte keine Kalashnikov bei sich sondern einen Bogen und umgehängt einen Köcher mit Pfeilen, die gefährliche Widerhaken hatten.
"Als wir noch keine Gewehre hatten, habe wir damit die Dinka verjagt.
Die sind vielleicht gelaufen, als sie uns sahen-mit Pfeil und Bogen kann ich mich besser verteidigen, als mit einem Gewehr!"

Gruß
dietmar

[Birgitt]

MALI: Hoping to eradicate guinea worm in two years
17.03.2010 - IRIN

DAKAR - Mali is hoping to eradicate guinea-worm in the next two years, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Picked up in contaminated water, the disease is debilitating enough to prevent those infected from working, going to school or farming. It “causes such excruciating pain that sufferers can be immobilized for months”, says WHO, which classifies it as a neglected tropical disease.

Most cases are in the north: “The persistence of the disease in Mali’s north is due to the nomadic population, lack of clean water in endemic sites, the vastness of the area and residual instability that has strongly thwarted interventions,” Mali’s national health director, Toumani Sidibé, told IRIN. “This is a disease of extreme poverty,” Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben, technical director of a guinea-worm eradication programme at the US-based Carter Center, told IRIN in September 2009. “It is a disease of forgotten people in forgotten places.”

In 2008 there were 417 reported infections in Mali, 64 percent of which were in the northern region of Kidal. As of January 2010 Mali had 186 reported cases, according to the Health Ministry.

“In 2007, the security situation prevented us from intervening and in 2008 we started interventions despite residual insecurity,” Sidibé told IRIN. Health workers hospitalized 97 percent of guinea-worm patients to limit their exposure to water and distributed water filters. Periodic fighting among factions of Tuareg nomads and the military have led to dozens of deaths and displacement in Kidal Region, one of the poorest and most arid regions in Mali.

Unlike malaria and other water-borne diseases, guinea worm - also known as dracunculiasis - is incubated in people and not in stagnant water. Because the larvae can burst out of the human body into pools of water where they grow into roundworms, infected people are told not to wade in water to avoid spreading the disease. There is no known preventative or curative treatment for the disease, which leads to itching, fever, swelling and burning.

In 2009, 85 percent of infected persons nationwide were hospitalized, which minimized the risk of them contaminating water sources, said health director Sidibé. “Health workers are aiming for 100-percent hospitalization in 2010 in order to wipe out any risk of transmission.”

WHO recommends water filters, health education, clean water sources, epidemiological surveillance for early detection and quick medical treatment for guinea-worm infections in epidemic areas, which are most often rural.

Eradication

Because it is a “parasite of humans”, once eradicated, there is no risk of guinea worms resurfacing in an area cleared of infection, the Carter Center’s Ruiz-Tiben told IRIN. “Eradication is feasible… If we manage to wipe it out, it will become only the second disease to have been eradicated after smallpox, and the first without drugs or vaccines,” said Ruiz-Tiben.

In 1986 more than three million people in about 20 countries were infected with guinea worm; in 2009, there were about 3,000 cases reported in four African countries, according to WHO. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation pledged US$40 million to the Carter Center and WHO in a 2008 challenge grant to wipe out the disease. WHO estimates it needs an additional $15 million to eradicate it by 2013. Last December, WHO declared Benin, Cambodia, Guinea, Mauritania, the Marshall Islands, Palau and Uganda clear of guinea worms. A country must have no reported cases for three consecutive years to qualify.

“If everything goes well in the next two years, this disease will be no more than a bad memory [in Mali],” WHO’s representative in Mali, Fatoumata Binta Diallo, told IRIN.

Quelle: IRIN

Gruß
Birgitt

[Birgitt]

DRACUNCULIASIS - NIGERIA: ANTICIPATED FREE 2011
***********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: 10 Nov 2010
Source: All Africa [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201011110631.html>


The World Health Organization (WHO) is to present Nigeria with a
certificate of guinea worm disease eradication next year [2011]. Chief
consultant epidemiologist in the Federal Ministry of Health, Henry Akpan,
disclosed this on Wednesday [10 Nov 2010] in Abuja while speaking on the
status of guinea worm disease eradication in Nigeria.

He stated that Nigeria had a lot to celebrate, as Wednesday [10 Nov 2010]
marked 2 years since the last case of guinea worm [infestation] was
reported in the country. Nigeria used to have the largest number of cases
globally, 653 620 cases in 5879 villages as of 1988, but with concerted
efforts in the implementation of intervention measures, a 99.99 per cent
case reduction was recorded at the end of 2006.

Only 16 cases were reported in 10 villages of 6 states. In 2008, the last
38 cases of guinea worm disease were reported in Nigeria in 5 villages in
Enugu and Ebonyi states.

"Guinea worm disease cases have dropped steadily, and the last case was
reported in Nigeria on 10 Nov 2008. Today [10 Nov 2010] marks 24
consecutive months that there has been no confirmed report of guinea worm
disease in Nigeria. The international community has acknowledged this
achievement. We think the Nigerian populace is entitled to be made aware of
this success story," he said.

Akpan, however, cautioned that in order to secure the certification by WHO,
there have to be 36 consecutive months of zero guinea worm disease cases
reported, in addition to meeting other criteria, which include nationwide
publicity and knowledge about guinea worm disease, cash rewards, adequate
safe water supplies in the villages at risk of the disease, and maintenance
of nationwide certification with regard to standard guinea worm disease
surveillance.

In his remarks, the chairman of the National Committee on Certification,
Olukayode Onyediran, said there was a need to work with the Federal
Ministry of Water Resources and other water generating agencies to provide
potable and safe water to sustain the gains made so far in guinea worm
eradication.

[byline: FG Kemi Yesufu]

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[The latest WHO report from 2008 on the guinea worm eradication program can
be found at
<http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2008/WHO_HT ... .1_eng.pdf>, and an
update at <http://www.who.int/dracunculiasis/en/>. - Mod.EP

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Nigeria is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/007*>. - Mod.SH]

[Lothar]

Friedensnobelpreisträger Jimmy Carter führt einen einzigartigen Krieg gegen einen Parasiten.
Der Guineawurm befällt Menschen .....

http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mens ... 04,00.html

[Birgitt]

DRACUNCULIASIS - CHAD: REEMERGENCE, 2010
****************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Fri 10 Jun 2011
Source: CDC. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011; 60(22): 744-8 [edited]
<http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6022.pdf>


Infections with Guinea worm emerged in Chad in 2010
---------------------------------------------------
Transmission of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), a waterborne,
parasitic disease targeted for eradication, was thought to have been
interrupted in Chad since 2000, when the last case was reported.
However, in 2010, 10 cases were confirmed by the Chad Ministry of
Public Health (Ministere de la Sante Publique [MSP]) and the World
Health Organization (WHO) during field investigations in which rumored
cases were investigated and nearby villages were actively searched for
additional cases. Because patients were not prevented from
contaminating water sources, new cases were expected in 2011. During
January-February 2011, MSP, WHO, and CDC conducted an investigation to
gather additional information to guide prevention and response
activities before the 2011 transmission season. 7 districts where
cases had been confirmed or suspected in 2010 or where dracunculiasis
was endemic during 1994-2000 were surveyed. The results of those
surveys indicated that residents of 116 (55 percent) of 210 villages
and 13 (87 percent) of 15 nomad camps consumed water from unsafe
sources; 157 (75 percent) of 209 village key informants (KIs) and 5
(33 percent) of 15 nomad camp KIs knew about dracunculiasis. 31
villages had confirmed or suspected cases during 2009-2011 and were
classified as at-risk, requiring weekly active surveillance and urgent
pre-positioning of materials for the 2011 transmission season. Nomadic
populations are at risk for dracunculiasis because of unsafe water
consumption and minimal knowledge of the disease. These populations
also require targeted surveillance and prevention efforts (such as,
filter distribution, education, and case containment*) to interrupt
dracunculiasis transmission (1).

Dracunculiasis is transmitted by drinking unsafe** stagnant water
contaminated by copepods (water fleas) that contain _Dracunculus
medinensis_ larvae. The copepods are digested in the human
gastrointestinal tract and release the larvae, which penetrate the gut
wall. The larvae mate, and pregnant female worms mature in connective
tissues, growing to 2-3 feet (70-100 centimeters) in length.
Approximately 10-14 months after initial ingestion, the female Guinea
worm creates a painful burning blister on the patient's skin. When
this lesion is bathed in water to ease the symptoms, the worm emerges
and ejects larvae into the water, which are ingested by copepods,
starting the cycle anew.

To manage the illness, the emerging worm is removed by rolling it
around gauze or a stick a few centimeters per day; extraction is
painful and can take weeks. Antibiotic ointment may be applied to the
lesion to prevent secondary bacterial infections that can result in
cellulitis, septic arthritis, joint contractures, and permanent
disability. Currently, no effective drug to treat or vaccine to
prevent dracunculiasis is available, and persons who contract
dracunculiasis do not become immune (2,3). Dracunculiasis can be
prevented by 1) educating patients with emerging worms to avoid
bathing affected body parts in drinking water sources, 2) filtering
potentially contaminated drinking water through cloth or pipe filters,
3) treating potentially contaminated stagnant drinking water with a
larvicide such as temephos (such as, Abate), 4) providing safe
drinking water, and 5) detecting cases before the worm emerges to
prevent patients with emerging worms from contaminating water supplies
(4).

During April-June 2010, 2 rumored dracunculiasis cases were reported
to Chad's National Guinea Worm Eradication Program (NGWEP). Cases were
confirmed upon investigation, and extracted worms were further
verified as _D. medinensis_ at CDC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
testing (5). Subsequently, NGWEP initiated an outbreak response with
the assistance of WHO, which used house-to-house surveys to search for
cases in all villages with confirmed, suspected, or rumored 2010 cases
and in villages visited by patients during the 10-14 month incubation
period preceding worm emergence. A rumored case was defined as an
alleged dracunculiasis case based on any information obtained from any
source (6); a suspected case was defined as a rumored case
investigated by MSP or the investigation team with a history, reported
by the patient or family, consistent with dracunculiasis but without
an observed worm; a confirmed case was defined as any case with a
history, reported by the patient or family, consistent with
dracunculiasis and with a worm observed by MSP or the investigation
team. KIs in neighboring villages also were interviewed. Additional
house-to-house surveys later were conducted as part of poliomyelitis
vaccination campaigns.

By October 2010, surveys, awareness campaigns, and increased
surveillance had uncovered 8 additional cases, all confirmed by worm
collection (3 cases were further verified by PCR testing at CDC). The
10 confirmed cases were located in 8 different villages in 5
districts, within 4 regions of Chad [see Figure at source URL above].
6 of the 8 villages border the Chari River. Because of late detection,
none of the 10 patients were prevented from contaminating drinking
water sources; therefore, continued transmission was expected during
the 2011 dracunculiasis transmission season, typically the
April-October rainy season in Chad, when many villages are not
accessible by road from the capital.

On 22 Dec 2010, MSP and WHO requested CDC assistance in conducting a
dracunculiasis outbreak investigation. Objectives included 1)
conducting active searches among sedentary and nomadic populations, 2)
identifying ways to strengthen dracunculiasis surveillance, 3)
evaluating general dracunculiasis knowledge, 4) sensitizing and
educating persons about dracunculiasis, and 5) identifying at-risk
localities in which to pre-position prevention and treatment supplies
for the 2011 transmission season.

A total of 210 villages in 7 districts were surveyed [see Table at
source URL above]; 138 (66 percent) had a safe water source, but
residents of 116 (55 percent) villages consumed unsafe water
(including residents in some villages with a safe water source). Among
village KIs, 75 percent were aware of dracunculiasis, 55 percent knew
how to prevent the disease, 59 percent knew how it is transmitted, 63
percent had seen someone with dracunculiasis, and 6 percent had seen
someone with dracunculiasis during 2007-2011. Only 21 percent had
heard about the monetary reward system for reporting a dracunculiasis
case [see Table at source URL above]. In 10 (5 percent) villages, at
least one villager among those assembled reported that one or more
rumored cases were seen during 2007-2011. 20 rumored cases were
reported in these 10 villages and subsequently were investigated. Of
these 20 rumored cases, 7 were found to have a history consistent with
dracunculiasis and were classified as suspected cases.

A total of 15 nomad camps in 5 districts were visited [see Table at
source URL above]. 87 percent of nomad KIs reported camp residents
consumed unsafe water sometime during the year. These populations
interact regularly with sedentary populations, either to share water
sources or to attend weekly markets. No nomad KI had seen a case
during 2007-2011 or knew about the monetary reward system.

Since the investigation, the 1st 2 2011 cases were confirmed in Chad.
The 2 cases increased the total number of at-risk villages to 36,
including the 2 patients' villages of residence and 3 additional
villages visited by one of the patients during the 10-14 months
preceding worm emergence (7).

[Reported by: Mathias R. Djidina, MD, Div of Communicable and
Non-Communicable Disease Prevention; Hassan Guialoungou, Baba Brahim
Dono, Neloumta Ngarhor, Miyara Padjaina, Chad National Guinea Worm
Eradication Program, Chad Ministry of Public Health. Gautam Biswas,
MD, Dieudonne Sankara, MD, Alouseini Maiga, MD, Honore Djimrassengar,
MD, World Health Organization. WHO Collaborating Center for Research
Training and Eradication of Dracunculiasis, Div of Parasitic Diseases
and Malaria, Center for Global Health; Sharon L. Roy, MD, Div of
Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for
Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases; Charbel El Bcheraoui, PhD,
Jenny A Walldorf, MD, EIS officers, CDC. Corresponding contributor:
Jenny A. Walldorf, CDC, <jwalldorf@cdc.gov>]

Notes
-----
* A dracunculiasis case is contained if all of the following
conditions are met: 1) the patient is detected within 24 hours of worm
emergence; 2) the patient has not entered any water source since worm
emergence; 3) the village health worker has properly managed the case
by cleaning and bandaging until the worm is fully removed and by
giving health education to discourage the patient from contaminating
any water source; and 4) the containment process, including
verification of diagnosis, is validated by a supervisor within 7 days
of worm emergence.

** Unsafe stagnant water sources included ponds, pools in drying
riverbeds, and shallow, uncovered wells. Safe water sources were those
protected from possible Guinea worm contamination, including flowing
rivers, covered hand-dug wells, or borehole wells.

References
----------
1. World Health Organization. Dracunculiasis eradication: case
definition, surveillance and performance indicators. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec 2003; 37: 323-8 [available at
<https://www.who.int/wer/2003/en/wer7837.pdf>].
2. Imtiaz R, Hopkins DR, Ruiz-Tiben E: Permanent disability from
dracunculiasis. Lancet 1990; (8715): 630.
3. Ruiz-Tiben E, Hopkins DR: Dracunculiasis. In: Guerrant RL, Walker
DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical infectious diseases: principles,
pathogens, and practice. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2006:
1204-7.
4. Ruiz-Tiben E, Hopkins DR: Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)
eradication. Adv Parasitol 2006; 61:275-309 [abstract available at
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16735167>].
5. Bimi L, Freeman AR, Eberhard ML, Ruiz-Tiben E, Pieniazek NJ:
Differentiating _Dracunculus medinensis_ from _D. insignis_, by the
sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2005;
99(5): 511-7 [available at
<http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/2147.pdf>].
6. World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research,
Training and Eradication of Dracunculiasis. Guinea worm wrap-up no
203. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC;
2011. Available at
<http://cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/ ... up/203.pdf>.
Accessed 6 Jun 2011.
7. World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research,
Training and Eradication of Dracunculiasis. Guinea worm wrap-up no
204. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC;
2011. Available at
<http://cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/ ... up/204.pdf>.
Accessed 6 Jun 2011.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[The full report including tables, map, and editorial comments can be
found at <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6022.pdf>.

The latest WHO report from 2008 on the guinea worm eradication
program can be found at
<http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2008/WHO_HT ... .1_eng.pdf>,
and an update at <http://www.who.int/dracunculiasis/en/>.

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Chad can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0YDB> - Mod.EP]

[Birgitt]

The UK government is backing a new campaign to try to rid the world of guinea worm by 2015. There were almost 2,000 cases of the debilitating parasitic disease in Africa last year. The push to eradicate guinea worm has been led by The Carter Center - set up by the former US president, Jimmy Carter - since 1986. The Department for International Development (DfID) is ready to donate £20m to the drive. It's thought this will fill about a third of the funding gap. Ministers are now calling for other donors to make significant contributions. Although it doesn't usually kill, guinea worm causes agonising pain and leaves some sufferers bed-ridden after they contract it by drinking contaminated water. Months after drinking the water, a metre-long spaghetti-like worm emerges from the patient's body through a blister in the skin ...

Fresh push to rid the world of guinea worm by 2015
05.10.2011 - BBC

Gruß
Birgitt