MALARIA - SOUTH AFRICA: (LIMPOPO)
*********************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 5 Jan 2010
Source: Sowetan [edited]
<http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=1102037>
Malaria cases rise in Limpopo
-----------------------------
Confirmed cases of malaria continue to rise in Limpopo. More than 947
people have been diagnosed with the mosquito-borne disease since the
start of the rainy season, and numbers are expected to soar.
The provincial department of health has urged people who have
flu-like symptoms to contact their nearest clinic.
Spokesperson Selby Makgatho said: "We do not have an outbreak now but
the situation is expected to take a turn for the worst.
"The department has devised a plan to fight malaria. About 42 teams
have been formed to fight the disease. They will go around the
province fumigating and educating communities.
"We are also using community gatherings to promote awareness. Health
facilities are ready and equipped to deal with malaria cases."
[Byline: Zinhle Mapumulo]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Malaria has been spreading westward from the known endemic areas in
the Kruger National Park. A map of risk areas updated January 2007
(<http://www.malaria.org.za/Malaria_Risk/ ... k_maps.htm>)
shows the limit of high risk, east of the area of the present
outbreak. - Mod.EP]
[Limpopo province can be seen on the map at
<http://www.safarinow.com/destinations/S ... ca-map.gif>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of South Africa is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/011w>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Moderator: Moderatoren
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
YELLOW FEVER - AFRICA: GUINEA (MANDIANA)
*****************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 5 Jan 2010
Source: All Africa.com [in French, trans. Mod.MPP, edited]
<http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201001050866.html>
In one of our previous articles on Mandiana, you will recall the
discovery of yellow fever [YF] virus in the border area with the
Ivory Coast. This was confirmed in the most authoritative way; since
[23 Nov 2009], a case of yellow fever had been detected in the
district Malinke, sub-prefecture Saladou.
This voice is that of the Minister of Public Health and Sanitation,
the Army medical officer Dr Aboubacar Cherif Diaby. In his address
this Monday, [4 Jan 2010], he has confirmed the presence of the virus
in the Mandiana prefecture. According to Dr. Aboubacar Cherif Diaby,
the 1st case was detected, then 6 other suspects were reported by the
health services in another district. An emergency team has been sent
to the area by the MSHP [Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation].
[This team] made an assessment in the suspected districts. This
helped to identify the presence of the virus.
The confirmation has been made thanks to the assistance of the
Pasteur Institute in Dakar. It is undeniable that yellow fever has
caused large epidemics in Africa and America and is in the Wassolon
area [an area that covers a region on both sides of the border
between Guinea and Mali. - Mod.MPP]
According to the Minister of Health, he was notified by WHO that
yellow fever was circulating in Mininyan, in the Odienne region of
Republic of Cote d'Ivoire. What was said with assurance was that
Mandiana prefecture on the border with Cote d'Ivoire is currently
affected with a yellow fever epidemic.
Faced with this situation, the Director of the Health Department has
announced the launching of a routine vaccination campaign in the
Mandiana area in January 2010, with collaboration with traditional
partners. The Minister said that the campaign will aim to effectively
control the epidemic of yellow fever in the Mandiana district, to
make a safety ring [zone] around the affected area to avoid the
spread [of the virus] out of the area and to vaccinate people older
than 9 months. The vaccination campaign against yellow fever will
cover sectors, villages, districts, and sub-prefectures in Mandiana,
especially along the border [with Cote d'Ivoire]. It constitutes a
serious threat in endemic areas.
He seized the opportunity to invite anyone who has noticed signs that
resemble those of flu -- the onset is sudden with high fever,
headaches, various digestive disorders, diffuse muscle pain -- to go
to the closet health center.
Because of the absence of [effective] treatment, it is essential to
prevent the disease through vaccination. The campaign will also
reinforce the use of yellow fever vaccine against yellow fever in the
routine activities of the expanded immunization program while
strengthening epidemiological surveillance for this infection.
Recall that, according to experts, yellow fever is a viral disease
(caused by a virus) transmitted by the bite of an _Aedes_ mosquito.
In most cases, the disease is benign. Incubation lasts from 3-6 days;
there is no effective treatment, but drugs can be prescribed to treat
symptoms (fever and any pain with antipyretics and analgesics such as
paracetamol or codeine). We speak of symptomatic treatment.
Aspirin, in turn, must be avoided. In most cases, the disease ends
after 24-72 hours of development. The temperature drops, and the
recovery time is short and without sequelae. Unfortunately, this
lull-period of remission sometimes precedes the beginning of the
severe form of the disease-toxic period. A few hours or days later,
the fever rises, and the patient may suffer from gastrointestinal
bleeding, jaundice (hence the name yellow fever) and severe kidney
problems. It is followed by delirium, convulsions and coma. The
outcome of this serious disease form is often fatal.
Vaccination is contraindicated in children under 6 years, pregnant
women, immuno-compromised individuals and certain patients with
allergies. For these 4 types of travelers, staying in endemic areas
should be avoided. If travel is absolutely necessary, the physician
at the vaccination center should assess the benefits of vaccination
based on the risk. Note that even if there is a waiver or
contraindication to the vaccine, a medical certificate is required
for entry to many countries.
The clinical manifestations of infection range from mild symptoms to
serious illness, potentially fatal. The term "yellow" is explained by
the jaundice that affects some patients. The disease is caused by the
virus of yellow fever or yellow fever virus, which belongs to the
flavivirus group. Vaccination involves administering one [dose to]
every person living in high risk areas. Its purpose is to protect
beneficiaries over a 10-year period.
The government needs to move quickly, because people's health is priceless.
[Byline: Hady Guisse]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-FRA
[The YF outbreak along the border of Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire is
another illustration that international borders pose no
epidemiological barriers to the spread of emerging diseases and of
the need for close international collaboration in controlling them.
A map showing the location of Guinea in West Africa can be accessed
at <http://www.mapsofworld.com/guinea/maps/ ... on-map.jpg>.
A map showing the location of the Mandiana region in Guinea can be
accessed at <http://www.maplandia.com/guinea/kankan/mandiana/>. A
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Guinea
in West Africa can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed/en?v=10.4,-10.9,5>.
A map showing the location of Cote d'Ivoire in West Africa can be
accessed at
<http://lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ivory_coast_pol88.jpg>. A map
showing the Denguele region can be accessed at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coted ... nguele.png>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Cote d'Ivoire can be
accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/00-v>. - Mod.TY]
*****************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 5 Jan 2010
Source: All Africa.com [in French, trans. Mod.MPP, edited]
<http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201001050866.html>
In one of our previous articles on Mandiana, you will recall the
discovery of yellow fever [YF] virus in the border area with the
Ivory Coast. This was confirmed in the most authoritative way; since
[23 Nov 2009], a case of yellow fever had been detected in the
district Malinke, sub-prefecture Saladou.
This voice is that of the Minister of Public Health and Sanitation,
the Army medical officer Dr Aboubacar Cherif Diaby. In his address
this Monday, [4 Jan 2010], he has confirmed the presence of the virus
in the Mandiana prefecture. According to Dr. Aboubacar Cherif Diaby,
the 1st case was detected, then 6 other suspects were reported by the
health services in another district. An emergency team has been sent
to the area by the MSHP [Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation].
[This team] made an assessment in the suspected districts. This
helped to identify the presence of the virus.
The confirmation has been made thanks to the assistance of the
Pasteur Institute in Dakar. It is undeniable that yellow fever has
caused large epidemics in Africa and America and is in the Wassolon
area [an area that covers a region on both sides of the border
between Guinea and Mali. - Mod.MPP]
According to the Minister of Health, he was notified by WHO that
yellow fever was circulating in Mininyan, in the Odienne region of
Republic of Cote d'Ivoire. What was said with assurance was that
Mandiana prefecture on the border with Cote d'Ivoire is currently
affected with a yellow fever epidemic.
Faced with this situation, the Director of the Health Department has
announced the launching of a routine vaccination campaign in the
Mandiana area in January 2010, with collaboration with traditional
partners. The Minister said that the campaign will aim to effectively
control the epidemic of yellow fever in the Mandiana district, to
make a safety ring [zone] around the affected area to avoid the
spread [of the virus] out of the area and to vaccinate people older
than 9 months. The vaccination campaign against yellow fever will
cover sectors, villages, districts, and sub-prefectures in Mandiana,
especially along the border [with Cote d'Ivoire]. It constitutes a
serious threat in endemic areas.
He seized the opportunity to invite anyone who has noticed signs that
resemble those of flu -- the onset is sudden with high fever,
headaches, various digestive disorders, diffuse muscle pain -- to go
to the closet health center.
Because of the absence of [effective] treatment, it is essential to
prevent the disease through vaccination. The campaign will also
reinforce the use of yellow fever vaccine against yellow fever in the
routine activities of the expanded immunization program while
strengthening epidemiological surveillance for this infection.
Recall that, according to experts, yellow fever is a viral disease
(caused by a virus) transmitted by the bite of an _Aedes_ mosquito.
In most cases, the disease is benign. Incubation lasts from 3-6 days;
there is no effective treatment, but drugs can be prescribed to treat
symptoms (fever and any pain with antipyretics and analgesics such as
paracetamol or codeine). We speak of symptomatic treatment.
Aspirin, in turn, must be avoided. In most cases, the disease ends
after 24-72 hours of development. The temperature drops, and the
recovery time is short and without sequelae. Unfortunately, this
lull-period of remission sometimes precedes the beginning of the
severe form of the disease-toxic period. A few hours or days later,
the fever rises, and the patient may suffer from gastrointestinal
bleeding, jaundice (hence the name yellow fever) and severe kidney
problems. It is followed by delirium, convulsions and coma. The
outcome of this serious disease form is often fatal.
Vaccination is contraindicated in children under 6 years, pregnant
women, immuno-compromised individuals and certain patients with
allergies. For these 4 types of travelers, staying in endemic areas
should be avoided. If travel is absolutely necessary, the physician
at the vaccination center should assess the benefits of vaccination
based on the risk. Note that even if there is a waiver or
contraindication to the vaccine, a medical certificate is required
for entry to many countries.
The clinical manifestations of infection range from mild symptoms to
serious illness, potentially fatal. The term "yellow" is explained by
the jaundice that affects some patients. The disease is caused by the
virus of yellow fever or yellow fever virus, which belongs to the
flavivirus group. Vaccination involves administering one [dose to]
every person living in high risk areas. Its purpose is to protect
beneficiaries over a 10-year period.
The government needs to move quickly, because people's health is priceless.
[Byline: Hady Guisse]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-FRA
[The YF outbreak along the border of Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire is
another illustration that international borders pose no
epidemiological barriers to the spread of emerging diseases and of
the need for close international collaboration in controlling them.
A map showing the location of Guinea in West Africa can be accessed
at <http://www.mapsofworld.com/guinea/maps/ ... on-map.jpg>.
A map showing the location of the Mandiana region in Guinea can be
accessed at <http://www.maplandia.com/guinea/kankan/mandiana/>. A
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Guinea
in West Africa can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed/en?v=10.4,-10.9,5>.
A map showing the location of Cote d'Ivoire in West Africa can be
accessed at
<http://lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/ivory_coast_pol88.jpg>. A map
showing the Denguele region can be accessed at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coted ... nguele.png>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Cote d'Ivoire can be
accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/00-v>. - Mod.TY]
-
Birgitt
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- Beiträge: 35366
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- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Yellow fever in Côte d'Ivoire
08.01.2010 - WHO
8 On 6 November 2009, The Ministry of Health (MoH) in Cote d'Ivoire reported to the World health Organization (WHO) a yellow fever outbreak of 10 suspected cases and 6 deaths in Minignan and Madinani health districts, Denguele region, in the north-western part of the country near the Guinea and Mali borders.
The index case was a 12 year-old male who consulted the Health Centre of Kaniasso in Minignan Health district on 5 September. He was a student in Kenigouara village, health area of Samantiguila, in Odienne district and had no history of yellow fever vaccination. Two further cases were reported from Madinani district.
In total 5 suspected cases tested positive at the Institut Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, of which 3 cases were confirmed at the regional reference laboratory for yellow fever at the Institut Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Other haemorrhagic fevers were also excluded by specific tests.
After an outbreak investigation the Ministry of Health vaccinated 32,700 people from Health areas of Banakoro, Kaniaso, Sanaferedougou, Minignan and Samantiguila, and in December 2009 an emergency mass vaccination campaign targeting a population of 154,941 people was carried out in Minignan and Madinani health districts. Vaccines have been provided from the global emergency vaccine stockpile, managed by the International Coordinating Group for Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision (YF-ICG) with funding from the GAVI Alliance and the Central Emergency Response Funds (CERF). Côte d'Ivoire is part of a group of endemic countries in Africa where preventive mass vaccination campaigns are being implemented since 2007.
An investigation carried out in Guinea at the border with Cote d'Ivoire has led to detection and confirmation by IP Dakar of a case of yellow fever. This case will also result in outbreak response for the affected area in Guinea.
08.01.2010 - WHO
8 On 6 November 2009, The Ministry of Health (MoH) in Cote d'Ivoire reported to the World health Organization (WHO) a yellow fever outbreak of 10 suspected cases and 6 deaths in Minignan and Madinani health districts, Denguele region, in the north-western part of the country near the Guinea and Mali borders.
The index case was a 12 year-old male who consulted the Health Centre of Kaniasso in Minignan Health district on 5 September. He was a student in Kenigouara village, health area of Samantiguila, in Odienne district and had no history of yellow fever vaccination. Two further cases were reported from Madinani district.
In total 5 suspected cases tested positive at the Institut Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, of which 3 cases were confirmed at the regional reference laboratory for yellow fever at the Institut Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Other haemorrhagic fevers were also excluded by specific tests.
After an outbreak investigation the Ministry of Health vaccinated 32,700 people from Health areas of Banakoro, Kaniaso, Sanaferedougou, Minignan and Samantiguila, and in December 2009 an emergency mass vaccination campaign targeting a population of 154,941 people was carried out in Minignan and Madinani health districts. Vaccines have been provided from the global emergency vaccine stockpile, managed by the International Coordinating Group for Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision (YF-ICG) with funding from the GAVI Alliance and the Central Emergency Response Funds (CERF). Côte d'Ivoire is part of a group of endemic countries in Africa where preventive mass vaccination campaigns are being implemented since 2007.
An investigation carried out in Guinea at the border with Cote d'Ivoire has led to detection and confirmation by IP Dakar of a case of yellow fever. This case will also result in outbreak response for the affected area in Guinea.
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Côte d’Ivoire - Gelbfieber
11.01.2010
Im Nordwesten des Landes (Denguelle) sind 10 Gelbfieber-Verdachtsfälle (5 davon wurden labortechnisch bestätigt) und 6 Todesfälle durch Gelbfieber aufgetreten. Als Reaktion darauf führte das Gesundheitsministerium eine Massenimpfkampagne durch. Impfschutz und Mückenschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________
Kongo, Demokratische Republik - Infektionskrankheiten
11.01.2010
Hohes Risiko für Darminfektionen, speziell Durchfallerkrankungen einschließlich Ruhr und Cholera landesweit. Insbesondere der Vulkanausbruch des Nyamulagira verschlechtert die Lage durch Zunahme von Infektionskrankheiten zusätzlich. Alle Formen der Virushepatitis kommen im Land vor. Polio durch reimportiertes Wildvirus Typ 1 wurde 2006 wieder bei 13 Erkrankten nachgewiesen. 2008 erkrankten 5 und 2009 drei Patienten, der Letzte am 24. Juni 2009. Angesichts des desolaten Gesundheitswesens ist davon auszugehen, dass der Erreger in der DRC weiterhin zirkuliert. Schlafkrankheit und Tollwut sind weit verbreitet, Risiko auch für örtliche Auftritte von Pest, vor allem im NO des Landes, für Affenpocken sowie viralen hämorrhagischen Fiebern. / Quelle: crm
11.01.2010
Im Nordwesten des Landes (Denguelle) sind 10 Gelbfieber-Verdachtsfälle (5 davon wurden labortechnisch bestätigt) und 6 Todesfälle durch Gelbfieber aufgetreten. Als Reaktion darauf führte das Gesundheitsministerium eine Massenimpfkampagne durch. Impfschutz und Mückenschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________
Kongo, Demokratische Republik - Infektionskrankheiten
11.01.2010
Hohes Risiko für Darminfektionen, speziell Durchfallerkrankungen einschließlich Ruhr und Cholera landesweit. Insbesondere der Vulkanausbruch des Nyamulagira verschlechtert die Lage durch Zunahme von Infektionskrankheiten zusätzlich. Alle Formen der Virushepatitis kommen im Land vor. Polio durch reimportiertes Wildvirus Typ 1 wurde 2006 wieder bei 13 Erkrankten nachgewiesen. 2008 erkrankten 5 und 2009 drei Patienten, der Letzte am 24. Juni 2009. Angesichts des desolaten Gesundheitswesens ist davon auszugehen, dass der Erreger in der DRC weiterhin zirkuliert. Schlafkrankheit und Tollwut sind weit verbreitet, Risiko auch für örtliche Auftritte von Pest, vor allem im NO des Landes, für Affenpocken sowie viralen hämorrhagischen Fiebern. / Quelle: crm
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Birgitt
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- Beiträge: 35366
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Yellow fever in Guinea
12.01.2010 - WHO
On 4 January 2010, the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Guinea reported a case of yellow fever to the World Health Organization (WHO). The case occurred in the prefecture of Mandiana belonging to the Kankan region in the east of the country, near the border with Côte d'Ivoire. Côte d'Ivoire has recently conducted an outbreak response in the border health districts of Minignan and Madinani.
The case in Guinea was a 35-year-old woman from the village of Malikila, sub-prefecture of Faralako, prefecture of Mandiana. On 23 November 2009, she presented with a clinical syndrome of fever and jaundice. The case was detected by cross-border investigation of the outbreak in Côte d'Ivoire. Following an outbreak investigation conducted by the Ministry of Health, a further six suspected cases were found in the sub-prefecture of Faralako, Mandiana-Centre and Saladou. These cases are under laboratory investigation.
The regional reference laboratory for yellow fever at Institut Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal, confirmed the yellow fever case by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Other haemorrhagic fevers were excluded by specific tests.
Following the detection of this case, the MoH has decided to vaccinate the entire population of the Mandiana prefecture. A total of 12 sub-prefectures with 290 292 people are targeted for an emergency reactive mass vaccination campaign, scheduled for the third week of January 2010. Vaccines have been made available from the global emergency vaccine stockpile, managed by the International Coordinating Group for Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision (YF-ICG) with funding from the GAVI Alliance and ECHO.
Guinea is one of the high-risk endemic countries in Africa where a series of preventive mass vaccination campaigns has been implemented since 2007. Mandiana prefecture is one of the 25 prefectures in the country considered to be at highest risk of yellow fever. The prefecture was selected for preventive mass vaccination during the YF National Risk Assessment meeting in September 2008, however, the national campaign has not yet taken place due to limited vaccine supply. It is now scheduled to take place in 2010.
12.01.2010 - WHO
On 4 January 2010, the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Guinea reported a case of yellow fever to the World Health Organization (WHO). The case occurred in the prefecture of Mandiana belonging to the Kankan region in the east of the country, near the border with Côte d'Ivoire. Côte d'Ivoire has recently conducted an outbreak response in the border health districts of Minignan and Madinani.
The case in Guinea was a 35-year-old woman from the village of Malikila, sub-prefecture of Faralako, prefecture of Mandiana. On 23 November 2009, she presented with a clinical syndrome of fever and jaundice. The case was detected by cross-border investigation of the outbreak in Côte d'Ivoire. Following an outbreak investigation conducted by the Ministry of Health, a further six suspected cases were found in the sub-prefecture of Faralako, Mandiana-Centre and Saladou. These cases are under laboratory investigation.
The regional reference laboratory for yellow fever at Institut Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal, confirmed the yellow fever case by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Other haemorrhagic fevers were excluded by specific tests.
Following the detection of this case, the MoH has decided to vaccinate the entire population of the Mandiana prefecture. A total of 12 sub-prefectures with 290 292 people are targeted for an emergency reactive mass vaccination campaign, scheduled for the third week of January 2010. Vaccines have been made available from the global emergency vaccine stockpile, managed by the International Coordinating Group for Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision (YF-ICG) with funding from the GAVI Alliance and ECHO.
Guinea is one of the high-risk endemic countries in Africa where a series of preventive mass vaccination campaigns has been implemented since 2007. Mandiana prefecture is one of the 25 prefectures in the country considered to be at highest risk of yellow fever. The prefecture was selected for preventive mass vaccination during the YF National Risk Assessment meeting in September 2008, however, the national campaign has not yet taken place due to limited vaccine supply. It is now scheduled to take place in 2010.
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Birgitt
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Südafrika - Malaria
26.01.2010
Aus den bekannten Malariagebieten im Nordosten Südafrikas, zu denen auch der Krüger-Nationalpark gehört, werden steigende Fallzahlen gemeldet. Besonders betroffen sind die Distikte Vhembe und Mopani in der Provinz Limpopo, wo 1.120 Erkrankungen seit Beginn der Regenzeit im Oktober (davon mehr als 150 seit Jahresbeginn) registriert wurden. Ein erhöhtes Malariarisiko verzeichnet auch die südlich anschließende Provinz Mpumalanga, vor allem in den Grenzregionen zu Swasiland und Mosambik. Konsequenter Mückenschutz und ggf. Chemoprophylaxe empfohlen. / Quelle: crm
26.01.2010
Aus den bekannten Malariagebieten im Nordosten Südafrikas, zu denen auch der Krüger-Nationalpark gehört, werden steigende Fallzahlen gemeldet. Besonders betroffen sind die Distikte Vhembe und Mopani in der Provinz Limpopo, wo 1.120 Erkrankungen seit Beginn der Regenzeit im Oktober (davon mehr als 150 seit Jahresbeginn) registriert wurden. Ein erhöhtes Malariarisiko verzeichnet auch die südlich anschließende Provinz Mpumalanga, vor allem in den Grenzregionen zu Swasiland und Mosambik. Konsequenter Mückenschutz und ggf. Chemoprophylaxe empfohlen. / Quelle: crm
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Birgitt
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- Beiträge: 35366
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Guinea - Gelbfieber
01.02.2010
Anfang Januar wurde ein Gelbfieber-Fall bei einer 35 jährigen Frau aus dem Grenzgebiet zur Elfenbeiküste bekannt. 6 weitere Verdachtsfälle werden derzeit untersucht. Rechtzeitigen Impfschutz (10 Tage vor Abreise) beachten. / Quelle: crm
01.02.2010
Anfang Januar wurde ein Gelbfieber-Fall bei einer 35 jährigen Frau aus dem Grenzgebiet zur Elfenbeiküste bekannt. 6 weitere Verdachtsfälle werden derzeit untersucht. Rechtzeitigen Impfschutz (10 Tage vor Abreise) beachten. / Quelle: crm
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Birgitt
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Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (02): AFRICA
***********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Zambia (Copperbelt)
[2] Cholera - Benin (Atlantique)
[3] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Rivers)
[5] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Midlands)
[6] Cholera - Tanzania (Mwanza)
[7] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)
******
[1] Cholera - Zambia (Copperbelt)
Date: Sat 6 Feb 2010
Source: Lusaka Times [edited]
<http://www.lusakatimes.com/?p=23772>
Copperbelt Permanent Secretary Ville Lombanya says the province has
recorded more than 70 cases of cholera from Chililabombwe and Kitwe
districts in 2010. The PS said cholera has remained one of the
world's most under reported and neglected diseases which occur in
areas where access to safe water and sanitation is limited. Mr.
Lombanya said this in Kitwe at the Edinburgh hotel during the
provincial epidemics preparedness meeting. He said efficient cholera
control measures need to be put in place at the national and sub
region levels to prevent epidemics.
Chililabombwe district health director Dr. Kioso Mudimbiyi said the
district had recorded 2 deaths out of the 36 cases of cholera that
were confirmed.
Dr. Mudimbiyi in his presentation to the meeting said that
contaminated water as a result of vandalized water pipes and shallow
wells coupled with uncollected garbage have been identified to be a
source of the outbreak. He added that the district's technical
committee has intensified its monitoring of water quality in the district.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The districts mentioned are in the Copperbelt province of Zambia and
can be found in the north central part of the country at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... zambia.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
*****
[2] Cholera - Benin (Atlantique)
Date: Tue 2 Feb 2010
Source: UN Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) [edited]
<http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87964>
In Benin, cholera has killed 5 people in the past 2 weeks in a rare
dry-season outbreak. Health officials detected the 1st cases of the
diarrheal disease on 13 Jan 2010 in the town of Bonou, 90 km east of
the economic capital Cotonou, where 66 cases and 4 deaths were
recorded up to 29 Jan 2010, according to the Health Ministry's
director of sanitation Laurent Assogba. Three cases, one resulting in
death, have also been recorded in Cotonou, he said.
Cholera generally spreads during the rainy season when flooding can
contaminate water sources. The World Health Organization (WHO) says
cholera in the dry season is uncommon but it does occur. "Cholera is
not transmitted only via water during heavy rains," Aristide Roch
Sossou of WHO-Benin told IRIN. "Foods [kept in unhygienic conditions]
and dirty hands are also factors favoring cholera." He said studies
are underway to identify the source and transmission mode of the
disease in the latest outbreak.
In 2009 during the rainy season, at least 70 people died of cholera
in Benin, according to the Health Ministry.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Brent Barrett
[Cotonou is in Atlantique province in extreme southern Benin and can
be found on a map at:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/benin/maps/benin-map.jpg>. - Mod.LL]
******
[3] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
Date: Mon 18 Jan 2010
Source: Angola Press [edited]
<http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/en_u ... e371e.html>
A total of 31 cases of cholera, which resulted in one death, were
registered by the local health sector from October to December 2009
in the district of Ganda, 220 km southeast of Benguela city.
According to the head of the department of public health and control
of endemic diseases in Ganda, Daniel Chapo, the villages and
surrounding wards of the district, namely Sisal Lundungo, Indongo,
Lombas and Maias, are the most affected by the outbreak. He pointed
to the lack of basic sanitation in wards and villages as the cause of
the outbreak, having assured that the sector is implementing measures
to contain and prevent the disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Benguela province is in west central Angola and can be found on a
map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... angola.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Rivers)
Date: Tue 19 Jan 2010
Source: The Nigeria Compass [edited]
<http://www.compassnews.net/Ng/index.php ... Itemid=794>
Six persons were confirmed dead on 18 Jan 2010, while 78 others were
hospitalized following an outbreak of cholera at Opobo town in
Opobo/Nkoro Local Government of Rivers State. The medical officer in
charge of Opobo Health Centre, Dr Adio Mosumoluwa, said that the
casualties were recorded at the weekend.
"We have recorded 6 fatal casualties, and we have 58 patients at
Opobo Health Centre and another 20 at Nkoro town due to the
outbreak," Mosumoluwa said.
He said the health center needed equipment and materials like
antibiotic kits, universal bottles to collect urine samples, tetra
dishes to collect stools, and water. Commissioner for Information,
Mrs Ibim Semenitari, confirmed the outbreak and said a team had been
sent to collect water samples from the area.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The Rivers state is located in extreme south central Nigeria and can
be found on a map of the country at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[5] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Midlands)
Date: Mon 11 Jan 2010
Source: Voice of America [edited]
<http://www1.voanews.com/zimbabwe/news/h ... 53597.html>
The World Health Organization has reported another death from cholera
in the Midlands province of Zimbabwe, bringing the number of deaths
from the communicable disease in recent months to 6. A WHO report
said there were 149 confirmed cases of cholera and 5 deaths from the
disease between the beginning of September 2009 and 3 Jan 2010. It
said the latest death occurred in Sanyati, Midlands province.
Cholera claimed more than 4200 lives in Zimbabwe from late 2008
through mid-2009 as an epidemic raced out of control due to a
widespread lack of clean water and the virtual collapse of the state
health care system. The WHO said 10 of 62 districts in the country
have been affected by the cholera outbreak recently compared with 51
districts in 2009.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The Midlands province of Zimbabwe in the central part of the country
can be found on a map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... mbabwe.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[6] Cholera - Tanzania (Mwanza)
Date: Mon 11 Jan 2010
Source: The Citizen [edited]
<http://thecitizen.co.tz/newe.php?id=16760>
Cholera has killed at least 60 people in Mwanza Region in the last 5 months.
Regional medical officer Mashack Massi said the deaths were recorded
in Kwimba, Magu and Ukerewe districts from January 2009 to January 2010.
He said 35 out of 302 people who contracted the disease died in
Kwimba District between August and October 2009. Of the 218 persons
who contracted the disease in Ukerewe District, 20 died, while 15 out
of 84 persons who contracted cholera in Magu also died.
Cholera broke out again in December 2009 when 195 persons contracted
the disease, leading to the deaths of 18 people. Dr Massi said 7 out
68 people who contracted the disease in Kwimba District had died by 7
Jan 2010. He said most of those who contracted cholera in Ukerewe and
Magu districts did so after using contaminated water from Lake
Victoria, while many of the patients in Kwimba caught the disease
after visiting Magu District.
[Byline: Paulina David]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The province of Mwanza is in northern Tanzania and can be found on a
map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... nzania.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[7] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)
Date: Fri 8 Jan 2010
Source: The Daily Nation [edited]
<http://www.nation.co.ke/News/regional/- ... /8obnod/-/>
Hawking of cooked food in Ugunja Town, Ugenya District has been
banned following a suspected cholera outbreak. The move comes after
10 patients showing cholera symptoms were admitted to Ambira
Sub-District Hospital in Ugenya. Of the 10, one case was confirmed,
according to public health officials.
This forced the officers and Provincial Administration to hold an
emergency meeting to map out strategies on how to curb the spread of
the deadly disease.
Ugenya district commissioner Caroline Onchoka said efforts were being
made to contain it, adding that the public needs to observe proper
hygiene. The administrator said it was worrying that cholera breaks
out in Ugunja Town every 3 months and that steps must be taken to put
a halt to this pattern.
Greater Siaya disease surveillance officer James Sande said 4
patients were still admitted to Ambira hospital.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The areas mentioned are in the Nyanza province of Kenya in the
southwestern corner of the country and can be found on a map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... /kenya.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
***********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Zambia (Copperbelt)
[2] Cholera - Benin (Atlantique)
[3] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Rivers)
[5] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Midlands)
[6] Cholera - Tanzania (Mwanza)
[7] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)
******
[1] Cholera - Zambia (Copperbelt)
Date: Sat 6 Feb 2010
Source: Lusaka Times [edited]
<http://www.lusakatimes.com/?p=23772>
Copperbelt Permanent Secretary Ville Lombanya says the province has
recorded more than 70 cases of cholera from Chililabombwe and Kitwe
districts in 2010. The PS said cholera has remained one of the
world's most under reported and neglected diseases which occur in
areas where access to safe water and sanitation is limited. Mr.
Lombanya said this in Kitwe at the Edinburgh hotel during the
provincial epidemics preparedness meeting. He said efficient cholera
control measures need to be put in place at the national and sub
region levels to prevent epidemics.
Chililabombwe district health director Dr. Kioso Mudimbiyi said the
district had recorded 2 deaths out of the 36 cases of cholera that
were confirmed.
Dr. Mudimbiyi in his presentation to the meeting said that
contaminated water as a result of vandalized water pipes and shallow
wells coupled with uncollected garbage have been identified to be a
source of the outbreak. He added that the district's technical
committee has intensified its monitoring of water quality in the district.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The districts mentioned are in the Copperbelt province of Zambia and
can be found in the north central part of the country at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... zambia.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
*****
[2] Cholera - Benin (Atlantique)
Date: Tue 2 Feb 2010
Source: UN Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) [edited]
<http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87964>
In Benin, cholera has killed 5 people in the past 2 weeks in a rare
dry-season outbreak. Health officials detected the 1st cases of the
diarrheal disease on 13 Jan 2010 in the town of Bonou, 90 km east of
the economic capital Cotonou, where 66 cases and 4 deaths were
recorded up to 29 Jan 2010, according to the Health Ministry's
director of sanitation Laurent Assogba. Three cases, one resulting in
death, have also been recorded in Cotonou, he said.
Cholera generally spreads during the rainy season when flooding can
contaminate water sources. The World Health Organization (WHO) says
cholera in the dry season is uncommon but it does occur. "Cholera is
not transmitted only via water during heavy rains," Aristide Roch
Sossou of WHO-Benin told IRIN. "Foods [kept in unhygienic conditions]
and dirty hands are also factors favoring cholera." He said studies
are underway to identify the source and transmission mode of the
disease in the latest outbreak.
In 2009 during the rainy season, at least 70 people died of cholera
in Benin, according to the Health Ministry.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Brent Barrett
[Cotonou is in Atlantique province in extreme southern Benin and can
be found on a map at:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/benin/maps/benin-map.jpg>. - Mod.LL]
******
[3] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
Date: Mon 18 Jan 2010
Source: Angola Press [edited]
<http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/en_u ... e371e.html>
A total of 31 cases of cholera, which resulted in one death, were
registered by the local health sector from October to December 2009
in the district of Ganda, 220 km southeast of Benguela city.
According to the head of the department of public health and control
of endemic diseases in Ganda, Daniel Chapo, the villages and
surrounding wards of the district, namely Sisal Lundungo, Indongo,
Lombas and Maias, are the most affected by the outbreak. He pointed
to the lack of basic sanitation in wards and villages as the cause of
the outbreak, having assured that the sector is implementing measures
to contain and prevent the disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Benguela province is in west central Angola and can be found on a
map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... angola.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Rivers)
Date: Tue 19 Jan 2010
Source: The Nigeria Compass [edited]
<http://www.compassnews.net/Ng/index.php ... Itemid=794>
Six persons were confirmed dead on 18 Jan 2010, while 78 others were
hospitalized following an outbreak of cholera at Opobo town in
Opobo/Nkoro Local Government of Rivers State. The medical officer in
charge of Opobo Health Centre, Dr Adio Mosumoluwa, said that the
casualties were recorded at the weekend.
"We have recorded 6 fatal casualties, and we have 58 patients at
Opobo Health Centre and another 20 at Nkoro town due to the
outbreak," Mosumoluwa said.
He said the health center needed equipment and materials like
antibiotic kits, universal bottles to collect urine samples, tetra
dishes to collect stools, and water. Commissioner for Information,
Mrs Ibim Semenitari, confirmed the outbreak and said a team had been
sent to collect water samples from the area.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The Rivers state is located in extreme south central Nigeria and can
be found on a map of the country at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[5] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Midlands)
Date: Mon 11 Jan 2010
Source: Voice of America [edited]
<http://www1.voanews.com/zimbabwe/news/h ... 53597.html>
The World Health Organization has reported another death from cholera
in the Midlands province of Zimbabwe, bringing the number of deaths
from the communicable disease in recent months to 6. A WHO report
said there were 149 confirmed cases of cholera and 5 deaths from the
disease between the beginning of September 2009 and 3 Jan 2010. It
said the latest death occurred in Sanyati, Midlands province.
Cholera claimed more than 4200 lives in Zimbabwe from late 2008
through mid-2009 as an epidemic raced out of control due to a
widespread lack of clean water and the virtual collapse of the state
health care system. The WHO said 10 of 62 districts in the country
have been affected by the cholera outbreak recently compared with 51
districts in 2009.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The Midlands province of Zimbabwe in the central part of the country
can be found on a map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... mbabwe.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[6] Cholera - Tanzania (Mwanza)
Date: Mon 11 Jan 2010
Source: The Citizen [edited]
<http://thecitizen.co.tz/newe.php?id=16760>
Cholera has killed at least 60 people in Mwanza Region in the last 5 months.
Regional medical officer Mashack Massi said the deaths were recorded
in Kwimba, Magu and Ukerewe districts from January 2009 to January 2010.
He said 35 out of 302 people who contracted the disease died in
Kwimba District between August and October 2009. Of the 218 persons
who contracted the disease in Ukerewe District, 20 died, while 15 out
of 84 persons who contracted cholera in Magu also died.
Cholera broke out again in December 2009 when 195 persons contracted
the disease, leading to the deaths of 18 people. Dr Massi said 7 out
68 people who contracted the disease in Kwimba District had died by 7
Jan 2010. He said most of those who contracted cholera in Ukerewe and
Magu districts did so after using contaminated water from Lake
Victoria, while many of the patients in Kwimba caught the disease
after visiting Magu District.
[Byline: Paulina David]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The province of Mwanza is in northern Tanzania and can be found on a
map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... nzania.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
******
[7] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)
Date: Fri 8 Jan 2010
Source: The Daily Nation [edited]
<http://www.nation.co.ke/News/regional/- ... /8obnod/-/>
Hawking of cooked food in Ugunja Town, Ugenya District has been
banned following a suspected cholera outbreak. The move comes after
10 patients showing cholera symptoms were admitted to Ambira
Sub-District Hospital in Ugenya. Of the 10, one case was confirmed,
according to public health officials.
This forced the officers and Provincial Administration to hold an
emergency meeting to map out strategies on how to curb the spread of
the deadly disease.
Ugenya district commissioner Caroline Onchoka said efforts were being
made to contain it, adding that the public needs to observe proper
hygiene. The administrator said it was worrying that cholera breaks
out in Ugunja Town every 3 months and that steps must be taken to put
a halt to this pattern.
Greater Siaya disease surveillance officer James Sande said 4
patients were still admitted to Ambira hospital.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The areas mentioned are in the Nyanza province of Kenya in the
southwestern corner of the country and can be found on a map at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... /kenya.pdf>. - Mod.LL]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35366
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Benin - Darminfektionen
08.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. In den letzten beiden Januarwochen wurden wieder gehäuft Cholera-Fälle gemeldet, inkl. 6 Todesfällen (von 66 Infizierten). Der Ausbruch ist ungewöhnlich, da derzeit Trockenzeit ist. Nach einer Pause von vier Jahren wurden 2008 erstmals wieder 6 Fälle von importierter Polio gemeldet. 2009 waren es 21 Erkrankungen. Hygiene und Polio-Impfschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
08.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. In den letzten beiden Januarwochen wurden wieder gehäuft Cholera-Fälle gemeldet, inkl. 6 Todesfällen (von 66 Infizierten). Der Ausbruch ist ungewöhnlich, da derzeit Trockenzeit ist. Nach einer Pause von vier Jahren wurden 2008 erstmals wieder 6 Fälle von importierter Polio gemeldet. 2009 waren es 21 Erkrankungen. Hygiene und Polio-Impfschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35366
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Malawi - Darminfektionen
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit, insbesondere während der Sommerregenzeit (Oktober-März) ist mit lokalen Cholera-Ausbrüchen zu rechnen. Im Neno Distrikt wurden Anfang Januar 15 Typhus-Erkrankungen und 2 Todesfälle als Folge der Erkrankung gemeldet. Insgesamt wurden in den letzten Monaten 289 Fälle und 26 Todesfälle berichtet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Cholera und Typhus) beachten. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Mosambik - Typhus
16.02.2010
Insgesamt wurden seit Herbst letzten Jahres 136 Typhus-Erkrankungen gemeldet, 17 davon mit Todesfolge. Hygiene beachten, Risikoreisende sollten geimpft werden. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Nigeria - Darminfektionen
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Cholera ist im Norden endemisch. Ein aktueller Ausbruch wurde Mitte Januar gemeldet, 78 Personen wurden hospitalisiert und 6 Patienten verstarben. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Sambia - Darminfektionen
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit; Cholera tritt sporadisch auf, ca. 70 Fälle (2 Todesfälle) werden aktuell aus dem Chililabombwe und dem Kitwe Distrikt gemeldet.Hygiene beachten. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Südafrika - Masern
16.02.2010
Südafrika berichtet Anfang Januar einen Anstieg der Masernfälle auf bis zu 4.754 bestätigter Erkrankungen. Die Provinz Gauteng ist mit 4.000 Fällen am schwersten betroffen, zunehmende Zahlen finden sich aber auch in KwaZulu-Natal und North West Province. Auch am Westkap nehmen seit September 2009 die Masern-Erkrankungen zu. Bis Anfang Februar stiegen die Zahlen dramatisch an, 82 Fälle wurden alleine in diesem Monat gemeldet, insgesamt konnten in der Region bisher 447 Fälle nachgewiesen werden. Nach dem südafrikanischen Impfkalender wird gegen Masern im Alter von 9 Monaten und 18 Monaten geimpft, 2007 lag die Durchimpfungsrate bei 83%. Bei einer großangelegten Impfkampagne wurden bis Ende Oktober 2009 3 Millionen Menschen gegen Masern geimpft. Nach dem deutschen Impfkalender sind 2 MMR-Impfungen für alle Kinder vorgesehen. Ein fehlender Impfschutz kann auch später jederzeit, z.B. anlässlich einer Reise, nachgeholt werden. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Tansania - Darminfektionen
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Es kommt regelmäßig zu örtlich begrenzten Cholera-Ausbrüchen. Im November 2009 wurde ein Cholera-Ausbruch aus Dar es Salaam mit bisher mehr als 200 Erkrankungen gemeldet. Im Januar traten erneut 3 Cholera-Fälle im Kahama District auf. In der Mwanza Region wurden in den letzen 5 Monaten mind. 60 Todesfälle nach Cholera-Infektion gemeldet. Hygiene beachten, Impfschutz für Risikoreisende. / Quelle: crm
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit, insbesondere während der Sommerregenzeit (Oktober-März) ist mit lokalen Cholera-Ausbrüchen zu rechnen. Im Neno Distrikt wurden Anfang Januar 15 Typhus-Erkrankungen und 2 Todesfälle als Folge der Erkrankung gemeldet. Insgesamt wurden in den letzten Monaten 289 Fälle und 26 Todesfälle berichtet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Cholera und Typhus) beachten. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Mosambik - Typhus
16.02.2010
Insgesamt wurden seit Herbst letzten Jahres 136 Typhus-Erkrankungen gemeldet, 17 davon mit Todesfolge. Hygiene beachten, Risikoreisende sollten geimpft werden. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Nigeria - Darminfektionen
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Cholera ist im Norden endemisch. Ein aktueller Ausbruch wurde Mitte Januar gemeldet, 78 Personen wurden hospitalisiert und 6 Patienten verstarben. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Sambia - Darminfektionen
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit; Cholera tritt sporadisch auf, ca. 70 Fälle (2 Todesfälle) werden aktuell aus dem Chililabombwe und dem Kitwe Distrikt gemeldet.Hygiene beachten. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Südafrika - Masern
16.02.2010
Südafrika berichtet Anfang Januar einen Anstieg der Masernfälle auf bis zu 4.754 bestätigter Erkrankungen. Die Provinz Gauteng ist mit 4.000 Fällen am schwersten betroffen, zunehmende Zahlen finden sich aber auch in KwaZulu-Natal und North West Province. Auch am Westkap nehmen seit September 2009 die Masern-Erkrankungen zu. Bis Anfang Februar stiegen die Zahlen dramatisch an, 82 Fälle wurden alleine in diesem Monat gemeldet, insgesamt konnten in der Region bisher 447 Fälle nachgewiesen werden. Nach dem südafrikanischen Impfkalender wird gegen Masern im Alter von 9 Monaten und 18 Monaten geimpft, 2007 lag die Durchimpfungsrate bei 83%. Bei einer großangelegten Impfkampagne wurden bis Ende Oktober 2009 3 Millionen Menschen gegen Masern geimpft. Nach dem deutschen Impfkalender sind 2 MMR-Impfungen für alle Kinder vorgesehen. Ein fehlender Impfschutz kann auch später jederzeit, z.B. anlässlich einer Reise, nachgeholt werden. / Quelle: crm
_______________________
Tansania - Darminfektionen
16.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Es kommt regelmäßig zu örtlich begrenzten Cholera-Ausbrüchen. Im November 2009 wurde ein Cholera-Ausbruch aus Dar es Salaam mit bisher mehr als 200 Erkrankungen gemeldet. Im Januar traten erneut 3 Cholera-Fälle im Kahama District auf. In der Mwanza Region wurden in den letzen 5 Monaten mind. 60 Todesfälle nach Cholera-Infektion gemeldet. Hygiene beachten, Impfschutz für Risikoreisende. / Quelle: crm
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35366
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (04): AFRICA
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Zimbabwe
[2] Cholera - Kenya (Rift Valley)
[3] Cholera - Zambia
[4] Cholera - Mozambique (Cabo Delgado)
[5] Cholera - Uganda (Manafwa)
[6] Cholera - Somalia (Middle Jubba): WHO
******
[1] Cholera - Zimbabwe
Date: Mon 15 Feb 2010
Source: The Zimbabwean [edited]
<http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/20100215 ... faces.html>
The World Health Organization says cholera has resurfaced in Zimbabwe
after a month-long lull in an outbreak that has so far killed 5 people
and infected nearly 150 others. The WHO said 7 new cholera cases were
reported Harare, Mwenezi, Mount Darwin, and Shamva districts since the
outbreak resurfaced on 4 Feb 2010.
One of the confirmed cases was from Kuwadzana Phase 3 in Harare while
3 others were Mwenezi in Masvingo province. One of the confirmed
Mwenezi cases was treated in Beitbridge. Shamva recorded 2 cholera
cases between 4 and 7 Feb 2010 while an unconfirmed case was reported
in Mount Darwin, also in Mashonaland Central province.
The case treated in Beitbridge was linked to a funeral at one of the
farms in Mwenezi district while another case was attributed to having
eaten unwashed mangoes in Beitbridge.
Zimbabwe's cholera outbreak had subsided since the 1st week of January
2010 when figures stood at 149 cumulative cases and 5 deaths. The
resurgent outbreak, which is concentrated in rural areas where 82
percent of the cases have so far been reported, raises fears of more
deaths particularly as the mango season is upon the country. Mangoes
and other fruits are regarded as dangerous transmitters of the cholera
bacteria since some people often ignore health precautions and eat the
fruits without washing them.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[In 2008, a cholera epidemic began in Zimbabwe, which eventually took
4228 lives from more than 98 000 cases over 10 months and spread to a
number of bordering nations.
The area mentioned in the posting can be found on a map of the country at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... mbabwe.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Zimbabwe is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017p>. - Mod.LL]
******
[2] Cholera - Kenya (Rift Valley)
Date: Sun 14 Feb 2010
Source: Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) [edited]
<http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?ID=62312>
A total of 16 people have been hospitalized following a cholera
outbreak in Chemyakow Village in Kositot sub-location of Pokot Central
district. Former Sighor [headquarters Pokot Central district] MP
Phillip Rotino is appealing to the Ministry of Public Health and
Sanitation, humanitarian organizations and other well-wishers to
assist residents of the remote village with clean water and medical
supplies.
Speaking to KBC on phone, Rotino expressed concern that the contagious
disease was likely to spread rapidly if urgent intervention measures
are not put in place. He urged residents to observe high hygiene and
sanitation standards by particularly by boiling drinking water and
washing their hands. Rotino noted that the only health facility in the
region, Oppollo Dispensary was already overwhelmed with cholera
patients.
[Byline: Emmanuel Kola]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The area mentioned is located in the Rift Valley province of Kenya,
which can be found on a map at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... /kenya.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kenya can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017j>. - Mod.LL]
******
[3] Cholera - Zambia
Date: Sat 13 Feb 2010
Source: Lusaka Times, ZANIS [Zambia News & Information Services]
report [edited]
<http://www.lusakatimes.com/?p=23979>
The Ministry of Health has so far recorded 18 suspected cholera cases
in Lusaka [the capital].
Ministry of Health spokesperson Kamoto Mbewe who disclosed this to
ZANIS in Lusaka today [13 Feb 2010] said however that his ministry was
still waiting for the cases to be confirmed. Dr Mbewe explained that 4
of the suspected cholera cases are from Kanyama clinic, 9 from Chipata
clinic, 2 from Chawama, 1 from George clinic, and 2 from Matero
reference clinic, which are all yet to be confirmed. He said 264
cholera cases have been recorded in the country since 1 Oct 2009.
Dr Mbewe revealed that 10 cholera cases have been recorded in Kitwe
while 1 suspected cholera case was being investigated in Sinazongwe
district of Southern province.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The areas mentioned in the posting can be found on a map of Zambia at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... zambia.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Zambia can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017q>. - Mod.LL]
******
[4] Cholera - Mozambique (Cabo Delgado)
Date: Wed 10 Feb 2010
Source: AllAfrica, Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo) report
[edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201002100856.html>
The director of health in the northern Mozambican province of Cabo
Delgado, Mussa Ibrahimo Agy, has expressed fears that cholera might
now be endemic in that part of the country. Cited in Wednesday's [10
Feb 2010] issue of the Maputo daily "Noticias", Agy noted that for the
past 3 years cholera has been constantly present in Cabo Delgado, at
any time of year, and that only the 3 districts on the Mueda plateau
(Mueda, Nangade, and most of Muidumbe) have been free of the disease.
Agy said that since 13 Jan 2010, cases of diarrhea have been reported
in the districts of Chire, Mecufi, and in Pemba city, and they were
later confirmed as cholera. Reporters learned that by 9 Feb 2010, the
disease, of which 966 cases have so far been diagnosed, had caused at
least 11 deaths.
Statistics from the health units show a daily increase in the number
of cholera patients seeking assistance, at a time when the authorities
admit that the financial resources allocated for those services are
insufficient.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Cabo Delgado province in northeastern Mozambique can be found on a
map at <http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... zambiq.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Mozambique can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00V3>. - Mod.LL]
******
[5] Cholera - Uganda (Manafwa)
Date: Wed 10 Feb 2010
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
<http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/709687>
A 56-year-old woman has died of cholera in Lwakhakha Town Council,
pushing the death toll to 4 since the epidemic broke out in Manafwa
district in January 2010. David Makanya, the district health
inspector, on Tuesday [9 Feb 2010] said the woman died on her way to
the treatment centre at Magale Health Centre IV.
"When we got to know of the circumstances surrounding the death, we
visited her home and took tests before she was buried," Makanya said,
adding that 5 people are admitted at Magale.
Makanya noted that whereas the outbreak had been contained in the
sub-counties of Bumbo and the newly created Bukhoko, it had spread to
Bumoni sub-county and Lwakhakha town council at the Uganda-Kenya
border, where 6 new cases had been registered. He attributed the
spread of the disease to the use of contaminated water from River
Lwakhakha, which runs along the border between the 2 countries.
A total of 42 cases have been registered since the disease broke out.
Makanya said district authorities had closed Kaboole Primary School in
Taaso village, to prevent the spread of the disease.
[Byline: Daniel Edyegu]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Manafwa District is a district in the Eastern Region of Uganda. The
district was created in 1999 and was part of Mbale district, together
with Sironko district, before 1999. In 2006, the northern part of
Manafwa District was carved off to form Bududa district. The districts
can be seen on the map at
<http://www.coetzee-uganda.com/index_fil ... Uganda.htm>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Uganda is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/016Z>. - Mod.LL]
******
[6] Cholera - Somalia (Middle Jubba): WHO
Date: December 2009
Source: WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO),
Country Office in Somalia [edited]
<http://www.emro.who.int/somalia/pdf/Som ... r%2009.pdf>
Somalia health cluster bulletin no. 30 - December 2009 [page 3]
---------------------------------------------------------------
In epidemiological weeks 48-51 (28 Nov - 25 Dec 2009), 425 cases of
acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) were reported from Afmadow (54), Hagar
(66), Kismayo (128 ), and Badhaadhe (48 ) in Lower Jubba, and Bu'aale
(48 ), Sakoow (38 ), and Salalge (43) in Middle Jubba. The number of
reported cases remained stable compared to November 2009. The data was
not available from Jamaame (Lower Jubba)
and Jilib (Middle Jubba) in the reporting period due to security
reasons. Children under 5 years accounted for 76 percent (321) of all
consultations.
In follow-up to confirmation of cholera in mid-October 2009, WHO
conducted a field visit to Banadir Hospital (Mogadishu) on 26 and 27
Dec 2009. The number of AWD cases reported at Banadir Hospital is of
particular concern considering the large internally displaced
populations in the surrounding areas and the high-risk of transmission
of communicable diseases including water-borne diseases. Between weeks
42 and 51, a total of 696 cases were reported including
86 percent (594) children under the age of 5 years of which 84 percent
(499) were aged under 2 years. 17 deaths were reported of which 82
percent (14) were children under 2 years (case fatality rate of 2.44
percent). 7 stool samples were collected during the visit, 6 of them
from children under 1 year of age. 1 out of the 7 samples tested
positive for _Vibrio cholerae_ with SMART II rapid diagnostic testing.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Middle Jubba (referred to as Juba Dhexe on the map) and Mogadishu can
be found on a map of Somalia at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... omalia.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the country is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017t>. - Mod.LL]
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Zimbabwe
[2] Cholera - Kenya (Rift Valley)
[3] Cholera - Zambia
[4] Cholera - Mozambique (Cabo Delgado)
[5] Cholera - Uganda (Manafwa)
[6] Cholera - Somalia (Middle Jubba): WHO
******
[1] Cholera - Zimbabwe
Date: Mon 15 Feb 2010
Source: The Zimbabwean [edited]
<http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/20100215 ... faces.html>
The World Health Organization says cholera has resurfaced in Zimbabwe
after a month-long lull in an outbreak that has so far killed 5 people
and infected nearly 150 others. The WHO said 7 new cholera cases were
reported Harare, Mwenezi, Mount Darwin, and Shamva districts since the
outbreak resurfaced on 4 Feb 2010.
One of the confirmed cases was from Kuwadzana Phase 3 in Harare while
3 others were Mwenezi in Masvingo province. One of the confirmed
Mwenezi cases was treated in Beitbridge. Shamva recorded 2 cholera
cases between 4 and 7 Feb 2010 while an unconfirmed case was reported
in Mount Darwin, also in Mashonaland Central province.
The case treated in Beitbridge was linked to a funeral at one of the
farms in Mwenezi district while another case was attributed to having
eaten unwashed mangoes in Beitbridge.
Zimbabwe's cholera outbreak had subsided since the 1st week of January
2010 when figures stood at 149 cumulative cases and 5 deaths. The
resurgent outbreak, which is concentrated in rural areas where 82
percent of the cases have so far been reported, raises fears of more
deaths particularly as the mango season is upon the country. Mangoes
and other fruits are regarded as dangerous transmitters of the cholera
bacteria since some people often ignore health precautions and eat the
fruits without washing them.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[In 2008, a cholera epidemic began in Zimbabwe, which eventually took
4228 lives from more than 98 000 cases over 10 months and spread to a
number of bordering nations.
The area mentioned in the posting can be found on a map of the country at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... mbabwe.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Zimbabwe is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017p>. - Mod.LL]
******
[2] Cholera - Kenya (Rift Valley)
Date: Sun 14 Feb 2010
Source: Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) [edited]
<http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?ID=62312>
A total of 16 people have been hospitalized following a cholera
outbreak in Chemyakow Village in Kositot sub-location of Pokot Central
district. Former Sighor [headquarters Pokot Central district] MP
Phillip Rotino is appealing to the Ministry of Public Health and
Sanitation, humanitarian organizations and other well-wishers to
assist residents of the remote village with clean water and medical
supplies.
Speaking to KBC on phone, Rotino expressed concern that the contagious
disease was likely to spread rapidly if urgent intervention measures
are not put in place. He urged residents to observe high hygiene and
sanitation standards by particularly by boiling drinking water and
washing their hands. Rotino noted that the only health facility in the
region, Oppollo Dispensary was already overwhelmed with cholera
patients.
[Byline: Emmanuel Kola]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The area mentioned is located in the Rift Valley province of Kenya,
which can be found on a map at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... /kenya.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kenya can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017j>. - Mod.LL]
******
[3] Cholera - Zambia
Date: Sat 13 Feb 2010
Source: Lusaka Times, ZANIS [Zambia News & Information Services]
report [edited]
<http://www.lusakatimes.com/?p=23979>
The Ministry of Health has so far recorded 18 suspected cholera cases
in Lusaka [the capital].
Ministry of Health spokesperson Kamoto Mbewe who disclosed this to
ZANIS in Lusaka today [13 Feb 2010] said however that his ministry was
still waiting for the cases to be confirmed. Dr Mbewe explained that 4
of the suspected cholera cases are from Kanyama clinic, 9 from Chipata
clinic, 2 from Chawama, 1 from George clinic, and 2 from Matero
reference clinic, which are all yet to be confirmed. He said 264
cholera cases have been recorded in the country since 1 Oct 2009.
Dr Mbewe revealed that 10 cholera cases have been recorded in Kitwe
while 1 suspected cholera case was being investigated in Sinazongwe
district of Southern province.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The areas mentioned in the posting can be found on a map of Zambia at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... zambia.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Zambia can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017q>. - Mod.LL]
******
[4] Cholera - Mozambique (Cabo Delgado)
Date: Wed 10 Feb 2010
Source: AllAfrica, Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo) report
[edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201002100856.html>
The director of health in the northern Mozambican province of Cabo
Delgado, Mussa Ibrahimo Agy, has expressed fears that cholera might
now be endemic in that part of the country. Cited in Wednesday's [10
Feb 2010] issue of the Maputo daily "Noticias", Agy noted that for the
past 3 years cholera has been constantly present in Cabo Delgado, at
any time of year, and that only the 3 districts on the Mueda plateau
(Mueda, Nangade, and most of Muidumbe) have been free of the disease.
Agy said that since 13 Jan 2010, cases of diarrhea have been reported
in the districts of Chire, Mecufi, and in Pemba city, and they were
later confirmed as cholera. Reporters learned that by 9 Feb 2010, the
disease, of which 966 cases have so far been diagnosed, had caused at
least 11 deaths.
Statistics from the health units show a daily increase in the number
of cholera patients seeking assistance, at a time when the authorities
admit that the financial resources allocated for those services are
insufficient.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Cabo Delgado province in northeastern Mozambique can be found on a
map at <http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... zambiq.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Mozambique can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00V3>. - Mod.LL]
******
[5] Cholera - Uganda (Manafwa)
Date: Wed 10 Feb 2010
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
<http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/709687>
A 56-year-old woman has died of cholera in Lwakhakha Town Council,
pushing the death toll to 4 since the epidemic broke out in Manafwa
district in January 2010. David Makanya, the district health
inspector, on Tuesday [9 Feb 2010] said the woman died on her way to
the treatment centre at Magale Health Centre IV.
"When we got to know of the circumstances surrounding the death, we
visited her home and took tests before she was buried," Makanya said,
adding that 5 people are admitted at Magale.
Makanya noted that whereas the outbreak had been contained in the
sub-counties of Bumbo and the newly created Bukhoko, it had spread to
Bumoni sub-county and Lwakhakha town council at the Uganda-Kenya
border, where 6 new cases had been registered. He attributed the
spread of the disease to the use of contaminated water from River
Lwakhakha, which runs along the border between the 2 countries.
A total of 42 cases have been registered since the disease broke out.
Makanya said district authorities had closed Kaboole Primary School in
Taaso village, to prevent the spread of the disease.
[Byline: Daniel Edyegu]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Manafwa District is a district in the Eastern Region of Uganda. The
district was created in 1999 and was part of Mbale district, together
with Sironko district, before 1999. In 2006, the northern part of
Manafwa District was carved off to form Bududa district. The districts
can be seen on the map at
<http://www.coetzee-uganda.com/index_fil ... Uganda.htm>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Uganda is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/016Z>. - Mod.LL]
******
[6] Cholera - Somalia (Middle Jubba): WHO
Date: December 2009
Source: WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO),
Country Office in Somalia [edited]
<http://www.emro.who.int/somalia/pdf/Som ... r%2009.pdf>
Somalia health cluster bulletin no. 30 - December 2009 [page 3]
---------------------------------------------------------------
In epidemiological weeks 48-51 (28 Nov - 25 Dec 2009), 425 cases of
acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) were reported from Afmadow (54), Hagar
(66), Kismayo (128 ), and Badhaadhe (48 ) in Lower Jubba, and Bu'aale
(48 ), Sakoow (38 ), and Salalge (43) in Middle Jubba. The number of
reported cases remained stable compared to November 2009. The data was
not available from Jamaame (Lower Jubba)
and Jilib (Middle Jubba) in the reporting period due to security
reasons. Children under 5 years accounted for 76 percent (321) of all
consultations.
In follow-up to confirmation of cholera in mid-October 2009, WHO
conducted a field visit to Banadir Hospital (Mogadishu) on 26 and 27
Dec 2009. The number of AWD cases reported at Banadir Hospital is of
particular concern considering the large internally displaced
populations in the surrounding areas and the high-risk of transmission
of communicable diseases including water-borne diseases. Between weeks
42 and 51, a total of 696 cases were reported including
86 percent (594) children under the age of 5 years of which 84 percent
(499) were aged under 2 years. 17 deaths were reported of which 82
percent (14) were children under 2 years (case fatality rate of 2.44
percent). 7 stool samples were collected during the visit, 6 of them
from children under 1 year of age. 1 out of the 7 samples tested
positive for _Vibrio cholerae_ with SMART II rapid diagnostic testing.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Middle Jubba (referred to as Juba Dhexe on the map) and Mogadishu can
be found on a map of Somalia at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... omalia.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the country is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017t>. - Mod.LL]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35366
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (05): AFRICA
**************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
[2] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Masvingo)
******
[1] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
Date: Fri 19 Feb 2010
Source: Angola Press Agency (Angop) [edited]
<http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/en_u ... 8b434.html>
From 12 to 18 Feb 2010, 7 cases of cholera, of which 2 resulted in
deaths, were recorded at the district hospital of Bocoio, 102 km [63
mi] northeast of the city of Benguela. In declarations to ANGOP, the
local supervisor of the cholera treatment centre, Samuel Kaputula,
said that the cases were diagnosed at Lukunga village, in the commune
of Passe, and the 5 hospitalized patients are already out of danger
and receiving medical treatment at the aforesaid center.
He stressed that the consumption of non-treated water and poor basic
sanitation in the region are the main factors that led to the
outbreak. Samuel Kaputula, who did not disclose data relating to the
same period of 2009, said that to avoid the spread of the disease at
Lukunga village, the health sector is distributing treatment for
drinking water.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Benguela province is in west central Angola and can be found on a map at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... angola.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Angola is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017M>. - Mod.LL]
******
[2] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Masvingo)
Date: Fri 19 Feb 2010
Source: Afrique en Ligne, Panafrican News Agency (PANA) report [edited]
<http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-n ... 44331.html>
Health officials in Zimbabwe said Wednesday [17 Feb 2010] cholera had
killed 9 people in the southern district of Mwenezi, and that it
appeared to be spreading to neighboring regions. Provincial medical
director Robert Mudyiradima said medical teams had been dispatched to
the district and surrounding areas to contain the disease.
He said a further 8 cases of cholera were under treatment in Mwenezi,
and there were signs the disease was spreading. "We are doing all that
we can to make sure that the situation is under control and at the
moment we have been disinfecting several wells in areas affected by
the outbreak," he said.
In 2009, cholera killed more than 4000 people and infected over 100
000 others in an outbreak which drew the attention of the whole world.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Mwenezi is a district in the southeastern Zimbabwean province of
Masvingo, which can be found on a map at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... mbabwe.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Zimbabwe can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017N>. - Mod.LL]
**************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
[2] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Masvingo)
******
[1] Cholera - Angola (Benguela)
Date: Fri 19 Feb 2010
Source: Angola Press Agency (Angop) [edited]
<http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/en_u ... 8b434.html>
From 12 to 18 Feb 2010, 7 cases of cholera, of which 2 resulted in
deaths, were recorded at the district hospital of Bocoio, 102 km [63
mi] northeast of the city of Benguela. In declarations to ANGOP, the
local supervisor of the cholera treatment centre, Samuel Kaputula,
said that the cases were diagnosed at Lukunga village, in the commune
of Passe, and the 5 hospitalized patients are already out of danger
and receiving medical treatment at the aforesaid center.
He stressed that the consumption of non-treated water and poor basic
sanitation in the region are the main factors that led to the
outbreak. Samuel Kaputula, who did not disclose data relating to the
same period of 2009, said that to avoid the spread of the disease at
Lukunga village, the health sector is distributing treatment for
drinking water.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Benguela province is in west central Angola and can be found on a map at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... angola.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Angola is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017M>. - Mod.LL]
******
[2] Cholera - Zimbabwe (Masvingo)
Date: Fri 19 Feb 2010
Source: Afrique en Ligne, Panafrican News Agency (PANA) report [edited]
<http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-n ... 44331.html>
Health officials in Zimbabwe said Wednesday [17 Feb 2010] cholera had
killed 9 people in the southern district of Mwenezi, and that it
appeared to be spreading to neighboring regions. Provincial medical
director Robert Mudyiradima said medical teams had been dispatched to
the district and surrounding areas to contain the disease.
He said a further 8 cases of cholera were under treatment in Mwenezi,
and there were signs the disease was spreading. "We are doing all that
we can to make sure that the situation is under control and at the
moment we have been disinfecting several wells in areas affected by
the outbreak," he said.
In 2009, cholera killed more than 4000 people and infected over 100
000 others in an outbreak which drew the attention of the whole world.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Mwenezi is a district in the southeastern Zimbabwean province of
Masvingo, which can be found on a map at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... mbabwe.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Zimbabwe can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017N>. - Mod.LL]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35366
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2010 (08 )
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
******
Italy ex Senegal
Date: Thu 18 Feb 2010
Source: Eurosurveillance edition 2010; 15(7) [summ., edited]
<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArt ... leId=19487>
[Although ProMED-mail does not normally post reports of dengue imported
into countries where there is little possibility of ongoing transmission,
so few dengue reports come from West Africa that this article is of
interest. - Mod.TY]
A case of dengue type 3 virus infection imported from Africa to Italy,
October 2009
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[authors: Nisii C, Carletti F, Castilletti C, Bordi L, et al]
In October 2009, a traveller returning from Africa to Italy was
hospitalised with symptoms suggestive of a haemorrhagic fever of unknown
origin. The patient was immediately placed in a special biocontainment unit
until laboratory investigations confirmed the infection to be caused by a
dengue serotype 3 virus. This case reasserts the importance of returning
travellers as sentinels of unknown outbreaks occurring in other countries,
and highlights how the initial symptoms of dengue fever resemble those of
other haemorrhagic fevers, hence the importance of prompt isolation of
patients until a final diagnosis is reached.
We have described a case of dengue virus infection imported into Italy from
Africa, which to date has been a rare occurrence as most cases seen in
European travel clinics have been imported either from Asia or the
Americas. Dengue virus has been known to circulate in parts of Africa for
decades, and Senegal in particular has experienced several outbreaks,
mainly of dengue serotype 2 virus. Following our report, which was the
first for a dengue serotype 3 virus in Senegal, the country's health
authorities were alerted to a possible epidemic and since then, over 50
cases have been registered in the country, confirming the importance of
returning travellers as sentinels of as yet unreported outbreaks occurring
abroad.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[An interesting additional retrospective report of dengue in West Africa by
L Franco and colleagues in this same issue of Eurosurveillance
(<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArt ... leId=19490>; summ.,
edited) stated that, "The burden of dengue virus infection in Africa has
not been estimated yet. Outbreaks of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic
fever are poorly documented, however, we cannot conclude that mild and
severe dengue infection is infrequent in African countries. The circulation
of different dengue virus serotypes is also poorly documented. Nevertheless
some information is provided in publications on outbreaks and serosurvey
studies in Africa and reports involving dengue virus infection in travelers.
"The 1st dengue virus (DENV) isolate was DENV-1, detected in Nigeria in
1964. Since then DENV-1, 2 and 4 have been circulating in West Africa
although the main serotype reported has been DENV-2. Viral isolates have
been predominantly detected in wild-caught mosquitoes (_Aedes
luteocephalus_, _Ae. taylori_ and/or _Ae. furcifer_) involved in sylvatic
transmission cycles in Senegal and Nigeria, and from a few cases in humans
who were in contact with forest cycles. DENV-2 from sylvatic cycles has
also been isolated in Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Guinea. More
recently in 2005, DENV-2 was identified in a traveller returning from
Ghana. The last detection of DENV-4 in West Africa was in the 1980s in 2
inhabitants of Dakar, Senegal.
"The 1st description of DENV-3 activity in Africa was related to outbreaks
detected during 1984 and 1985 in Pemba, Mozambique, with 2 deaths due to
dengue haemorrhagic fever. DENV-3 was then detected in 1993 in Somalia and
areas around the Persian Gulf. Phylogenetic studies suggested that these
outbreaks were caused by a virus imported from the Indian subcontinent.
DENV-3 circulation in West Africa was first identified in a traveller
returning to Spain from Cameroon in 2006 and subsequently in a traveller
returning to Spain from Senegal in 2007 (C Domingo et al, unpublished
results). However the 1st article on DENV-3 in West Africa was published in
2008, when DENV-3 was detected co-circulating with yellow fever in Cote
d'Ivoire."
Both Eurosurveillance reports are fully documented.
These reports make one question the contention that dengue and DHF are not
serious problems in Africa, leading to speculation that genetic differences
in the African population are sparing of serious disease. It would appear
that difference in incidence may be an artifact of inadequate surveillance
and reporting.
A map showing the location of the West African countries mentioned above
can be accessed at < and a
general political map of Africa at <http://www.africamap.com/>. A
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Senegal and other African
countries can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed/en?v=14.4,-14.5,5>. - Mod.TY]
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
******
Italy ex Senegal
Date: Thu 18 Feb 2010
Source: Eurosurveillance edition 2010; 15(7) [summ., edited]
<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArt ... leId=19487>
[Although ProMED-mail does not normally post reports of dengue imported
into countries where there is little possibility of ongoing transmission,
so few dengue reports come from West Africa that this article is of
interest. - Mod.TY]
A case of dengue type 3 virus infection imported from Africa to Italy,
October 2009
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[authors: Nisii C, Carletti F, Castilletti C, Bordi L, et al]
In October 2009, a traveller returning from Africa to Italy was
hospitalised with symptoms suggestive of a haemorrhagic fever of unknown
origin. The patient was immediately placed in a special biocontainment unit
until laboratory investigations confirmed the infection to be caused by a
dengue serotype 3 virus. This case reasserts the importance of returning
travellers as sentinels of unknown outbreaks occurring in other countries,
and highlights how the initial symptoms of dengue fever resemble those of
other haemorrhagic fevers, hence the importance of prompt isolation of
patients until a final diagnosis is reached.
We have described a case of dengue virus infection imported into Italy from
Africa, which to date has been a rare occurrence as most cases seen in
European travel clinics have been imported either from Asia or the
Americas. Dengue virus has been known to circulate in parts of Africa for
decades, and Senegal in particular has experienced several outbreaks,
mainly of dengue serotype 2 virus. Following our report, which was the
first for a dengue serotype 3 virus in Senegal, the country's health
authorities were alerted to a possible epidemic and since then, over 50
cases have been registered in the country, confirming the importance of
returning travellers as sentinels of as yet unreported outbreaks occurring
abroad.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[An interesting additional retrospective report of dengue in West Africa by
L Franco and colleagues in this same issue of Eurosurveillance
(<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArt ... leId=19490>; summ.,
edited) stated that, "The burden of dengue virus infection in Africa has
not been estimated yet. Outbreaks of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic
fever are poorly documented, however, we cannot conclude that mild and
severe dengue infection is infrequent in African countries. The circulation
of different dengue virus serotypes is also poorly documented. Nevertheless
some information is provided in publications on outbreaks and serosurvey
studies in Africa and reports involving dengue virus infection in travelers.
"The 1st dengue virus (DENV) isolate was DENV-1, detected in Nigeria in
1964. Since then DENV-1, 2 and 4 have been circulating in West Africa
although the main serotype reported has been DENV-2. Viral isolates have
been predominantly detected in wild-caught mosquitoes (_Aedes
luteocephalus_, _Ae. taylori_ and/or _Ae. furcifer_) involved in sylvatic
transmission cycles in Senegal and Nigeria, and from a few cases in humans
who were in contact with forest cycles. DENV-2 from sylvatic cycles has
also been isolated in Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Guinea. More
recently in 2005, DENV-2 was identified in a traveller returning from
Ghana. The last detection of DENV-4 in West Africa was in the 1980s in 2
inhabitants of Dakar, Senegal.
"The 1st description of DENV-3 activity in Africa was related to outbreaks
detected during 1984 and 1985 in Pemba, Mozambique, with 2 deaths due to
dengue haemorrhagic fever. DENV-3 was then detected in 1993 in Somalia and
areas around the Persian Gulf. Phylogenetic studies suggested that these
outbreaks were caused by a virus imported from the Indian subcontinent.
DENV-3 circulation in West Africa was first identified in a traveller
returning to Spain from Cameroon in 2006 and subsequently in a traveller
returning to Spain from Senegal in 2007 (C Domingo et al, unpublished
results). However the 1st article on DENV-3 in West Africa was published in
2008, when DENV-3 was detected co-circulating with yellow fever in Cote
d'Ivoire."
Both Eurosurveillance reports are fully documented.
These reports make one question the contention that dengue and DHF are not
serious problems in Africa, leading to speculation that genetic differences
in the African population are sparing of serious disease. It would appear
that difference in incidence may be an artifact of inadequate surveillance
and reporting.
A map showing the location of the West African countries mentioned above
can be accessed at < and a
general political map of Africa at <http://www.africamap.com/>. A
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Senegal and other African
countries can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed/en?v=14.4,-14.5,5>. - Mod.TY]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35366
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
MENINGITIS - CHAD: (LOGONE ORIENTAL, MANDOUL) REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 22 Feb 2010
Source: Diario Siglo XXI, Europa Press report [in Spanish, machine trans.,
edited]
<http://www.diariosigloxxi.com/texto-ep/ ... 0222111506>
According to the health minister of Chad, Ngombaye Djaibe, a meningitis
epidemic has killed 56 people [during] a little over 2 weeks in Logone
Oriental and Mandoul regions, in southern Chad.
The minister added that medical services have treated 517 people suffering
from this disease, 56 of whom have died. Nevertheless, more than 40 000
people have been vaccinated and the situation is under control. Chad is
part of a "meningitis belt" stretching from Senegal to Djibouti.
--
communicated by:
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The following is extracted from ProMED-mail moderator ML's comments in
Meningitis, pneumococcal - Africa: WHO meningitis region 20100213.0507:
"Numerous cases of meningococcal meningitis are reported in the sub-Saharan
African region known as the "meningitis belt" each year during the hot, dry
season, between December and June, and every 8-12 years large outbreaks
occur (<http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/yellowBookCh4-Menin.aspx>).
"The "Meningitis Belt" extends from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia and
Eritrea in the east (<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol9no10/03-0170.htm>).
Attack rates during these cyclic epidemics of meningitis range from 100 to
800 per 100 000 population, but individual communities have reported rates
as high as 1000 per 100 000 (World Health Organization: Meningococcal
meningitis fact sheet;
<http://www.emro.who.int/sudan/pdf/FactS ... ngitis.pdf>). While in
endemic disease the highest attack rates are observed in young children,
during epidemics, older children, teenagers and adults are also affected.
"Although epidemics of meningitis are mostly associated with the
meningococcus, there is evidence that increases in pneumococcal meningitis
cases occur in parallel in sub-Saharan Africa during the hot and dry season
"[Mar ID, et al. Epidemiologic features of pneumococcal meningitis in
Africa. Clinical and serotypical aspects (author's transl). Pathol Biol
(Paris) 1979; 27: 543-8; abstract available at
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/44737>.
Leimkugel J, et al. An outbreak of serotype 1 _Streptococcus pneumoniae_
meningitis in northern Ghana with features that are characteristic of
_Neisseria meningitidis_ meningitis epidemics. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:
192-9; available at
<http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/fu ... 086/431151>.
Yaro S, et al. Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of a highly
lethal pneumococcal meningitis epidemic in Burkina Faso. Clin Infect Dis
2006; 43: 693-700; available at
<http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/fu ... 086/506940>.
Antonio M, et al. Seasonality and outbreak of a predominant _Streptococcus
pneumoniae_ serotype 1 clone from The Gambia: expansion of ST217
hypervirulent clonal complex in West Africa. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8: 198;
available at <http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/8/198>].
"Bacterial meningitis in Africa is associated with high mortality and risk
of neuropsychological sequelae. The 3 leading causes of bacterial
meningitis (_S. pneumoniae_, _Haemophilus influenzae_, and _N.
meningitidis_) are vaccine preventable, and routine use of conjugate
vaccines in African children could provide substantial health and economic
benefits through the prevention of childhood meningitis cases
(<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/sta ... index.html>;
Peltola H. Burden of meningitis and other severe bacterial infections of
children in Africa: implications for prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:
64-75; available at
<http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/fu ... 086/317534>)."
ProMED-mail posted a report that an outbreak of meningitis in Chad last
year (2009) involved _Neisseria meningitidis_ serogroups A and W135 (see
Meningitis, meningococcal - Chad (02) 20090424.1544); meningitis due to
these serogroups is potentially vaccine-preventable. The news release above
does not specify the microbial etiology of the current meningitis outbreak
in Chad.
Chad is divided into 18 regions. The 2 southern regions of Logone Oriental,
and Mandoul can be found on a map of Chad at
<http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Regions_of_Chad>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Chad is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017X>. Maps of the African bacterial meningitis
belt can be found at <http://www.medic8.com/images/map4-9.gif> and
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... ld-Map.png>.
- Mod.ML]
*********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 22 Feb 2010
Source: Diario Siglo XXI, Europa Press report [in Spanish, machine trans.,
edited]
<http://www.diariosigloxxi.com/texto-ep/ ... 0222111506>
According to the health minister of Chad, Ngombaye Djaibe, a meningitis
epidemic has killed 56 people [during] a little over 2 weeks in Logone
Oriental and Mandoul regions, in southern Chad.
The minister added that medical services have treated 517 people suffering
from this disease, 56 of whom have died. Nevertheless, more than 40 000
people have been vaccinated and the situation is under control. Chad is
part of a "meningitis belt" stretching from Senegal to Djibouti.
--
communicated by:
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The following is extracted from ProMED-mail moderator ML's comments in
Meningitis, pneumococcal - Africa: WHO meningitis region 20100213.0507:
"Numerous cases of meningococcal meningitis are reported in the sub-Saharan
African region known as the "meningitis belt" each year during the hot, dry
season, between December and June, and every 8-12 years large outbreaks
occur (<http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/yellowBookCh4-Menin.aspx>).
"The "Meningitis Belt" extends from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia and
Eritrea in the east (<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol9no10/03-0170.htm>).
Attack rates during these cyclic epidemics of meningitis range from 100 to
800 per 100 000 population, but individual communities have reported rates
as high as 1000 per 100 000 (World Health Organization: Meningococcal
meningitis fact sheet;
<http://www.emro.who.int/sudan/pdf/FactS ... ngitis.pdf>). While in
endemic disease the highest attack rates are observed in young children,
during epidemics, older children, teenagers and adults are also affected.
"Although epidemics of meningitis are mostly associated with the
meningococcus, there is evidence that increases in pneumococcal meningitis
cases occur in parallel in sub-Saharan Africa during the hot and dry season
"[Mar ID, et al. Epidemiologic features of pneumococcal meningitis in
Africa. Clinical and serotypical aspects (author's transl). Pathol Biol
(Paris) 1979; 27: 543-8; abstract available at
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/44737>.
Leimkugel J, et al. An outbreak of serotype 1 _Streptococcus pneumoniae_
meningitis in northern Ghana with features that are characteristic of
_Neisseria meningitidis_ meningitis epidemics. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:
192-9; available at
<http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/fu ... 086/431151>.
Yaro S, et al. Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of a highly
lethal pneumococcal meningitis epidemic in Burkina Faso. Clin Infect Dis
2006; 43: 693-700; available at
<http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/fu ... 086/506940>.
Antonio M, et al. Seasonality and outbreak of a predominant _Streptococcus
pneumoniae_ serotype 1 clone from The Gambia: expansion of ST217
hypervirulent clonal complex in West Africa. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8: 198;
available at <http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/8/198>].
"Bacterial meningitis in Africa is associated with high mortality and risk
of neuropsychological sequelae. The 3 leading causes of bacterial
meningitis (_S. pneumoniae_, _Haemophilus influenzae_, and _N.
meningitidis_) are vaccine preventable, and routine use of conjugate
vaccines in African children could provide substantial health and economic
benefits through the prevention of childhood meningitis cases
(<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/sta ... index.html>;
Peltola H. Burden of meningitis and other severe bacterial infections of
children in Africa: implications for prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:
64-75; available at
<http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/fu ... 086/317534>)."
ProMED-mail posted a report that an outbreak of meningitis in Chad last
year (2009) involved _Neisseria meningitidis_ serogroups A and W135 (see
Meningitis, meningococcal - Chad (02) 20090424.1544); meningitis due to
these serogroups is potentially vaccine-preventable. The news release above
does not specify the microbial etiology of the current meningitis outbreak
in Chad.
Chad is divided into 18 regions. The 2 southern regions of Logone Oriental,
and Mandoul can be found on a map of Chad at
<http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Regions_of_Chad>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Chad is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/017X>. Maps of the African bacterial meningitis
belt can be found at <http://www.medic8.com/images/map4-9.gif> and
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... ld-Map.png>.
- Mod.ML]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35366
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Simbawe - Darminfektionen
22.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Aus Simbabwe wurden seit September 2009 wieder vereinzelt Cholera-Erkrankungen gemeldet, die Situation ist aber noch stabil; seit September bis Mitte Februar 2010 wurden 149 Cholera-Fälle, neun mit Todesfolge, gemeldet (südl. Mwenezi-Distrikt). Es besteht die Befürchtung, dass es mit Beginn der Sommerregenzeit erneut zu einem ausgedehnten Ausbruch kommt. Zwischen August 2008 und Juli 2009 erkrankten mehr als 98.000 Personen, wovon 4.288 verstarben. Schätzungsweise 6 Millionen der 12 Millionen Einwohner haben keinen Zugang zu sicherem Trinkwasser und sanitären Einrichtungen. Hygiene beachten. Risikoreisende sollten geimpft werden. / Quelle: crm
22.02.2010
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Aus Simbabwe wurden seit September 2009 wieder vereinzelt Cholera-Erkrankungen gemeldet, die Situation ist aber noch stabil; seit September bis Mitte Februar 2010 wurden 149 Cholera-Fälle, neun mit Todesfolge, gemeldet (südl. Mwenezi-Distrikt). Es besteht die Befürchtung, dass es mit Beginn der Sommerregenzeit erneut zu einem ausgedehnten Ausbruch kommt. Zwischen August 2008 und Juli 2009 erkrankten mehr als 98.000 Personen, wovon 4.288 verstarben. Schätzungsweise 6 Millionen der 12 Millionen Einwohner haben keinen Zugang zu sicherem Trinkwasser und sanitären Einrichtungen. Hygiene beachten. Risikoreisende sollten geimpft werden. / Quelle: crm
