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CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (17)
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Africa
[1] Cholera - Cameroon (north regions)
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Borno, Bauchi)

******
[1] Cholera - Cameroon (north regions)
Date: Thu 19 Aug 2010
Source: Afrique en Ligue [edited]
<http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-n ... 54726.html>


An outbreak of cholera has killed 222 people in the Cameroonian
regions of Far North, North and Adamaoua, the country's Health
Minister Andre Mama Fouda announced on Wednesday, 18 Aug 2010. He
said the epidemic broke out on 6 May 2010 in a village in the Far
North, where it was introduced by a trader back from a border market.

According to the minister, the disease is mostly affecting the Far
North, where 167 patients are still in hospital.

To fight against cholera, Tondjo announced the sinking of 250 new
boreholes in the Far North as a matter of urgency.

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******
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Borno, Bauchi)
Date: Tue 17 Aug 2010
Source: The Vanguard [edited]
<http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/08/17/2 ... a-attacks/>


The death toll in the cholera epidemic which swept through Maiduguri
[capital city of Borno state] and Bauchi like a hurricane 2 weeks ago
has now risen to more than 147. About 1368 others have been hospitalized.

This came just as 67 lives have been lost in Bauchi, with 1742 also
infected in an outbreak that is ravaging several local government
areas in Bauchi State. The epidemic which started in 6 council areas
of Abadam, Dikwa, Kala-Balge, Guzamala and Kukawa communities in
Borno State claimed 50 lives before spreading to Maiduguri and Jere,
where not less than 100 persons contacted the disease. At press time,
the casualty figure had risen to 80.

Vanguard gathered yesterday [16 Aug 2010] that another outbreak of
the epidemic has been reported in some local government areas of
Bauchi State. It was learned that the epidemic had already claimed 67
lives and infected about 1742 persons.

Chairman of the state Primary Health Care Developmental Agency, Dr.
Musa Dabam, who briefed newsmen on the update of the outbreak in the
state, said: "The outbreak has entered its 8th week with a death
percentage of 3.8 percent.

[Byline: Ndahi Marama, Suzan Edeh]

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Kamerun - Cholera
23.08.2010

Nach Regierungsangaben sind mindestens 2.500 Menschen an Cholera erkrankt und mindestes 200 gestorben. Es wird vor einer Ausbreitung des Ausbruches aus dem Norden des Landes in Nachbarländer gewarnt. Hygiene beachten, bei Reisen in die Region ist eine Impfung zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
______________________________

Malawi - Masern
23.08.2010

Das Gesundheitsministerium meldet 77.000 Masern-Erkrankungen landesweit, offiziell sind 197 Patienten an den Folgen der Infektion gestorben. Damit haben sich die offiziell gemeldeten Zahlen seit Juni nahezu vervierfacht. Die Regierung hat für 7 Millionen Impfdosen ca. 4.2 Millionen US Dollar investiert. Es sollen mindestens 6 Millionen Kinder zwischen 6 Monaten und 15 Jahren geimpft werden. Nach dem deutschen Impfkalender sind 2 MMR-Impfungen für alle Kinder vorgesehen. Ein fehlender Impfschutz kann auch später jederzeit, z.B. anlässlich einer Reise, nachgeholt werden. / Quelle: crm

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (18 )
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In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Uganda (Butaleja)
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (northern states)
[3] Cholera - Nigeria (Adamawa)
[4] Cholera - Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger
[5] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)


******
[1] Cholera - Uganda (Butaleja)
Date: Mon 23 Aug 2010
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
<http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/17/729629>


A total of 3 people have died following a cholera outbreak in
Butaleja district. The district health officer, Dr Kenneth Mweru,
said 20 people were admitted at Nabiganda Cholera Treatment Centre in
critical condition. He noted that health authorities were monitoring
and sensitising the public on ways of preventing the disease.

Mweru said 6 of the 1st victims of cholera could have contracted the
disease from the funeral of one of the people who had died of the
disease in Busolwe town council.

[Byline: Moses Bikala]

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******
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (northern states)
Date: Tue 24 Aug 2010
Source: Agence France-Presse (AFP) [edited]
<http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/ar ... lz8kVJ2niw>


The death toll from cholera in northern Nigeria has risen to 283 from
231 within a week, according to various official figures.

The figure of those infected by cholera in the past 2 weeks has also
risen above 5000 from the earlier 4600 figure announced last week
[week of 16 Aug 2010], according to officials.

The latest outbreak was recorded in northeastern Yobe State where 42
people died in the past week from a disease health officials said was
a form of gastro-enteritis, characterized by vomiting and diarrhea,
which are also cholera symptoms.

"We have recorded an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Yobe State in the
last week which has killed 42 people and infected 443 others," Isa
Adamu, an official of the WHO in the state, said. "The disease has to
do with watery stool and vomiting which physically looks like
cholera, but we do not have the reagents in Yobe State for laboratory
analysis to confirm if it is cholera."

Cholera has also killed at least 4 people in a village in Kaduna
State in the past week as a result of contamination of open wells,
state health commissioner Charity Shekari told AFP.

In neighboring Katsina State, the disease killed 6 people and
infected 50 others in the last week, according to Bishir Babba, a
local official.

Last Thursday, 19 Aug 2010, health minister Onyebuchi Chukwu said 231
people had died of cholera while 4600 others were infected in some
states, particularly in the north with Borno, Bauchi, and Adamawa
being worst hit.

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******
[3] Cholera - Nigeria (Adamawa)
Date: Sun 22 Aug 2010
Source: The Sun News [edited]
<http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/n ... 10-005.htm>


The epidemic of the water-borne disease, cholera, continues to ravage
parts of northern Nigeria as no fewer than 20 persons, particularly
women and children, have been reported dead in Adamawa State in a
fresh outbreak. 168 persons have also been reported hospitalized in
various parts of the state. In the Southern parts, in Ganye II, of
Ganye Local Government Area, 10 persons, including an 85-year-old
woman, died of the disease at the weekend [21-22 Aug 2010], according
to the principal medical officer of Ganye General Hospital, Dr Daniel Tizhe.

Dr Tizhe told our correspondent that the outbreak of the disease was
reported to the hospital on 1 Aug 2010 and had treated 69 victims
while 10 of them died before they got to the hospital from the village.

The Director of Primary Healthcare in Ganye council, Alhaji Yakubu
Madi Nekenjumi, said he suspected the disease must have been spread
by residents from neighboring Cameroon Republic, which he said
claimed many lives in that country. In Madagali Local Government in
the northern part of the state, 10 persons out of 129 patients
hospitalized have died. The victims are from Sukur, Palan, Duhu, and
Gulak villages.

[Byline: David Molomo]

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[The states mentioned in the 2 reports above can be seen on the map
at <http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Nigeria is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/01Q4>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

******
[4] Cholera - Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger
Date: Mon 23 Aug 2010
Source: United Nations News Centre [edited]
<http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=35695>


An outbreak of cholera in the 3 neighboring West African countries of
Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger has infected nearly 4000 people and
killed more than 260 others since May [2010], the United Nations
health agency reported today [23 Aug 2010], blaming the epidemic on
poor hygiene and inadequate access to clean water.

Northern Cameroon, where more than 2800 cases -- including more than
200 deaths -- have been reported, is the worst affected area in the
Lake Chad Basin, according to the UN World Health Organization (WHO).

In Nigeria, some 830 cases and 30 deaths have been reported, while
240 cases and 16 deaths have occurred in Niger.

"We know that cholera is [a] food-borne disease. Food that has been
in contact with contaminated water is, of course, at high risk of
transmitting cholera to people," said Claire-Lise Chaignat, WHO's
cholera coordinator. "Good food hygiene is actually very important
for preventing the disease from spreading," she told UN Radio.

Ms. Chaignat said WHO and the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) were
working together to combat the cholera epidemic, providing those
affected with oral rehydration salts to prevent deaths related to
diarrhoea, distributing chlorine for water treatment and carrying out
health education campaigns.

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******
[5] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)
Date: Fri 20 Aug 2010
Source: Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC), Kenya News Agency (KNA)
report [edited]
<http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?ID=65945>


To date 5 people have died in Kuria West District in what doctors
suspect to be a cholera outbreak in the area. 3 of the victims died
in hospitals while the 2 others succumbed to acute diarrhea and
vomiting in Masaba and Mabera divisions.

At least 18 other people are admitted to various hospitals in Kuria
West and Migori Districts with similar symptoms and are still
receiving treatment.

Kuria DC James Mugwe said the medical workers had taken samples from
the patients to Kisumu for tests to ascertain the outbreak of the disease.

It is suspected that the outbreak occurred following an acute water
shortage that has hit Kehancha and Isebania border towns for the past
2 weeks, forcing the residents to use contaminated water from the
polluted Ragana river.

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DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2010 (44)
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Africa
Japan ex Benin
Date: Fri 20 Aug 2010
From: Mugen Ujiie <infinite_u@hotmail.com> [edited]


We have recently confirmed one case of dengue fever in a traveler
returning from the Republic of Benin, where the disease has not been
reported since 2006 (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20080825.2646).

The patient was a previously healthy 28-year-old Japanese female who
left Japan on 23 July [2010] and visited Cotonou, Dassa-Zoume,
Parakou, Natitingou, and Porto-Novo in the Republic of Benin between
24 Jul-3 Aug 2010. She arrived back in Japan on 4 Aug 2010 and
noticed sudden fever on the next day after her returning. The
associated symptoms were headache, diarrhea, bilateral myalgia of her
thighs, and bilateral arthralgia over her knees, shoulders, and
elbows. Physical examinations were normal except mild bilateral
tenderness over her thighs and knees. A rapid dengue NS1
immune-chromatographic test (SD BIOLINE, Korea) was positive. So she
was admitted to our hospital for close observation. Follow-up
laboratory data showed the lowest platelet count of 48000/uL. She was
discharged without any residual symptoms after a 6-day hospitalization.

Dengue virus type 3 was detected by real-time PCR and isolated by
cell culture. Anti-dengue IgG and IgM antibodies were negative on the
day of onset and became positive 8 days after onset.

This case suggests that endemic areas of dengue virus type 3 are
expanding in West Africa as a previous report of dengue virus type 3
detected in Cote d'Ivoire (Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Nov; 15(11): 1871-2.)

--
Mugen Ujiie MD, MTM
Disease Control and Prevention Center
National Center for Global Health and Medicine
1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, JAPAN 162-8655
<infinite_u@hotmail.com>

[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Ujiie for this information. These types of 1st
hand reports are especially valuable, particularly for cases that
originate in Africa, a region where little information about dengue
incidence is available.

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Benin
in West Africa can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/03Bu>. - Mod.TY]

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (19)
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In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Nigeria
[2] Cholera - Cameroon (northern states)
[3] Cholera - Chad

*****

[1] Cholera - Nigeria
Date: Wed 25 Aug 2010
Source: Google news, Agence France-Presse (AFP) report [edited]
<http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/ar ... mqb2FalTxA>


A cholera epidemic that has killed more than 350 people in Nigeria
since the start of the year [2010] now poses a threat to the entire
country, the health ministry said on Wednesday, 25 Aug 2010.

"Epidemiological evidence indicates that the entire country is at
risk," the ministry said in a statement.

"Reports received so far from 11 states show we have recorded 6437
cases with 352 deaths from cholera in 2010. Most of the outbreaks
occurred in the northwest and northeast zones" of the country, it stated.

Surveys carried out by the ministry showed that less than 40 percent
of the population in the affected states have access to adequate
toilet facilities, the statement said.

In addition, World Health Organisation figures indicate that 42
people have died in northeastern Yobe State in the past week from a
form of gastroenteritis, characterised by vomiting and diarrhea,
which are also cholera symptoms.

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******
[2] Cholera - Cameroon (northern states)
Date: Thu 26 Aug 2010
Source: CNN [edited]
<http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/08 ... /?hpt=Sbin>


Cholera has killed 297 people in the west African nation of Cameroon,
health officials said Wednesday, 26 Aug 2010.

The outbreak, which began in May 2010, has exceeded 3000 cases, said
Dr Eric Mintz, the leader of the [US] Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention's global water sanitation and hygiene epidemiology team.
The agency has an office in Cameroon. "It's a lot of cases and a lot
of deaths," he said in a telephone interview. "More deaths than
should be expected under the best of conditions."

The country's northern region has been particularly hard hit. 3 of 10
prisoners diagnosed with cholera at Maroua Central Prison in the far
north were among the dead, the officials said.

CDC's Mintz said the rugged and remote region has been affected
repeatedly by cholera epidemics, most recently in 2009.

About 70 percent of people living in the country's far north,
bordering Nigeria and Chad and the Central African Republic, do not
have access to potable water, according to a Ministry of Water and
Energy official. Sanitation is also limited in the area and recent
flooding has aggravated the situation. The affected area is home to
some 5 million people, according to UNICEF.

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******
[3] Cholera - Chad
Date: Tue 24 Aug 2010
Source: UN ReliefWeb, Int Fed of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
(IFRC) report [edited]
<http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db9 ... enDocument>


Torrential rains that continue to pour down in the southern and
northern parts of Chad have led to flooding with harmful consequences
to the local population. The neighboring countries such as Cameroon,
Nigeria, and Niger have already experienced cases of cholera.

In Chad, cases of cholera have been confirmed by the Ministry of
health in the region of Lac and Mayo Kebbi East. 3 deaths were
registered so far. Those regions are disaster prone areas and are
badly affected by the continuation of rains. The Chadian Health
Ministry organized an emergency meeting with the humanitarian
partners and an evaluation mission has been set up to carry out an
assessment in the disaster areas. The aim of this mission is to
conduct a rapid evaluation of the outbreak and take some actions
regarding the immediate assistance to provide.

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CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (20)
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In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Somalia
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Adamawa)
[3] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)

*****
[1] Cholera - Somalia
Date: Fri 27 Aug 2010
Source: Somalia Health Cluster Bulletin July 2010 -- 26 Aug 2010 [edited]
<http://www.emro.who.int/somalia/pdf/Som ... 202010.pdf>


South and Central Somalia
-------------------------
Between epidemiological weeks 27-30 (5 Jul-1 Aug 2010), more than 110
sentinel sites of the Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Reporting
Network (CSR) in South and Central Somalia reported 7623 consultations
and 17 deaths for 7 health events. Acute watery diarrhea (AWD)
accounted for 51 percent (3899) of all cases and acute bloody diarrhea
(ABD) for 17 percent (1284). AWD accounted for 71 percent (12) of all
the reported deaths.

Lower and Middle Jubba
----------------------
The integrated disease surveillance and response network (IDSR) in
Lower and Middle Jubba reported a total of 5478 consultations for 14
health events in epidemiological weeks 27-30. Children accounted for
2954 (54 percent) of all consultations. AWD in 607 (11 percent) cases,
including 497 (82 percent) children. In week 27, rumors of an increase
in numbers of AWD and related deaths were reported from flood-affected
villages in Lower Jubba.

Lower Shabelle
--------------
The Cholera Treatment Centre (CTC) of Merka Hospital (Lower Shabelle),
reported additional 82 cases of AWD between epidemiological weeks
27-30. Of those, 79 percent (65) cases were children, with no deaths.

Mogadishu
---------
In epidemiological weeks 27-30, Banadir Hospital (Mogadishu) reported
313 cases of AWD, including 86 percent (269) children. All the 8
reported deaths (CFR 2.6 percent) were children.

In July 2010, local NGO WARDI [Wardi Relief and Development
Initiatives] reported a total of 795 consultations, including 56
percent (445) children from the Hamar Jajab MCH [mother and child
health centre] in Mogadishu. Major causes of morbidity were AWD in 120
cases of which 66 percent (79) were children, and bloody diarrhea in
50 cases of which 72 percent (36) were children.

Middle Shabelle
---------------
During epidemiological weeks 27-30, Medair and local partner SAACID
[Somali women's non-governmental organisation] reported 1102
consultations, including 262 (24 percent) children, from Cadale MCH
(802), Haji Ali HP (53), Geel Bub HP (163), and Ali Guduud HP (84) in
Middle Shabelle. The causes of morbidity included AWD and accounted
for 3 percent (38 ) of all consultations.

Puntland
--------
Between epidemiological weeks 27-30, 45 sentinel sites of the CSR
[Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Reporting Network] in Puntland
reported 878 consultations including 6 deaths for 7 health events. AWD
accounted for 81 percent (715) of all cases and ABD for 17 percent
(153 cases). AWD accounted for 83 percent (5) of all reported deaths.

Somaliland
----------
Between epidemiological weeks 27-30, over 50 sentinel sites of the CSR
in Somaliland reported 575 consultations for 7 health events. AWD
accounted for 84 percent (484) of all cases and ABD for 15 percent (88
cases).

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*****
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Adamawa)
Date: Fri 27 Aug 2010
Source: XinHuaNet [edited]
<http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/h ... 465881.htm>


Nigeria's northeast Adamawa Sate has confirmed 100 people died from a
recent cholera outbreak. State Commissioner of Health Zainab Kwonchi
disclosed this in Yola, the state capital, on Thu 26 Aug 2010, saying
1200 people were infected by the disease.

She said the most affected areas were Sukur, Pallam, Duhu, Belbel,
Girjiya and Gulak, as well as Shuwa and Hyambula in Madagali local
Government Area.

Kwonchi said other areas hit by the disease include Lamurde, Mubi,
Yola and Numan, noting that the government was making efforts to
control the spread of the disease.

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*****
[3] Cholera - Kenya (Nyanza)
Date: Wed 25 Aug 2010
Source: The Nation [edited]
<http://www.nation.co.ke/News/regional/F ... rctmv6z/-/>


Medical officers in Migori and Kuria West districts are battling what
is suspected to be a cholera outbreak. About 200 people have been
admitted to hospital in the last week with cholera-related symptoms.

Kuria West has recorded about 150 admissions in the last 4 days, says
the district medical officer, Dr Solomon Bongo. He spoke of 2 deaths
from cholera, raising the toll to 7. 5 people died last week in Mabera
and Masaba divisions.

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Kamerun - Cholera
31.08.2010

Nach Regierungsangaben sind mindestens 2.500 Menschen an Cholera erkrankt und mindestes 300 gestorben. Es wird vor einer Ausbreitung des Ausbruches aus dem Norden des Landes in Nachbarländer gewarnt. Hygiene beachten, bei Reisen in die Region ist eine Impfung zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (22)
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
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<http://www.isid.org>

In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Nigeria (Abuja)
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Jigawa)
[3] Cholera - Nigeria (Gombe)
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Osun), country-wide totals
[5] Cholera - Cameroon
[6] Cholera - Chad


******
[1] Cholera - Nigeria (Abuja)
Date: Tue 7 Sep 2010
Source: Nigerian Bulletin, The Punch report [edited]
<http://nigerianbulletin.com/2010/09/07/ ... the-punch/>


The fast-spreading cholera outbreak has claimed 2 lives in the Federal
Capital Territory [FCT], Abuja, out of the reported 137 cases reported in
health centers across the 6 area councils.

The special assistant on communications to the minister of health, Ms
Rakiya Zubairu, confirmed this in a telephone interview with one of our
correspondents, on Mon 6 Sep 2010. The 2 deaths were recorded at Gwagwalada
area council, which is a densely populated area of the FCT.

[byline: Bunmi Awolusi]

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HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at <http://healthmap.org/r/01Q4>. -
Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

******
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Jigawa)
Date: Mon 6 Sep 2010
Source: AllAfrica, Leadership (Nigeria) report [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201009060297.html>


No fewer than 5 people were confirmed dead, while over 100 others were
hospitalized, following the cholera outbreak in Buji and Gwaram local
government areas of Jigawa State.

Confirming the incident to the Leadership, the commissioner for health, Dr
Ibrahim Nashabaru, said all the deaths were reported from Gantsa Town,
which is the headquarters of Buji Local Government Area [LGA].

Meanwhile, reports from the area revealed that several deaths had occurred.
Mostly affected are residents of Buji where the estimated death has
exceeded 5. Similar cases of cholera outbreak had also been reported at
Hadejia and Birnin-Kudu Local Government Area of the state where an
undisclosed number of deaths had been recorded.

[byline: Muh'd Zangina Kura]

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******
[3] Cholera - Nigeria (Gombe)
Date: Mon 6 Sep 2010
Source: Next [edited]
<http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/H ... _gombe.csp>


The death toll from the cholera epidemic ravaging parts of Gombe State has
risen to 41, said the state's commissioner for health, Mohammad Umar.

Umar told the News Agency of Nigeria [NAN] that the death toll had risen
from 16 to 41, while the number of reported cases of people afflicted with
the disease had also increased from 233 to 735, with Gombe Local Government
Area recording the highest number of 124 cases. According to him, other
local councils affected are Yamaltu Deba, Kaltungo, Billiri, Shongom,
Balanga, and Akko.

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******
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Osun), country-wide totals
Date: Sun 5 Sep 2010
Source: Nigerian Compass [edited]
<http://www.compassnewspaper.com/NG/inde ... Itemid=698>


The cholera epidemic, which has assumed the status of a devastating
hurricane sweeping through the northern part of the country, has now
recorded 6497 cases with 352 deaths and the Federal Government recently
alerted the nation that the entire country was at risk of the epidemic.

Ravaging the entire nation like wildfire, the ailment has surfaced in the
south western part of the country. In Osun State, no fewer than 70 persons
were hospitalized at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital,
Ile-Ife on Fri 3 Sep 2010, following a cholera outbreak in Ife Central
Local Government of Osun.

Dr Funso Ajao, the state's director of Primary Health Care Development
Agency, announced this in Osogbo, the state capital on Sat 4 Sep 2010, in
an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN). Ajao said that the
affected persons were responding to treatment at the Obafemi Awolowo
University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, where most of the patients were
admitted.

The reported case of the epidemic in Ile-Ife now included the state as one
of the affected states in Nigeria.

In a table showing the cumulative cases, deaths, and number of local
government areas affected by cholera outbreak from January to August 2010,
the 1st outbreak occurred in Adamawa State 2010 in June and [currently?] a
total of 352 deaths out of 6497 suspected cases of cholera had been
recorded in 11 states.

The table also showed that out of the 11 affected states, Bauchi recorded
the highest with 1725 cases of cholera, 53 deaths, and 8 local governments
affected. Other states which had the highest cases include Gombe with 1188
cases, 59 deaths, and 2 LGAs affected, followed by Borno with 1090 cases,
80 deaths; Adamawa, 986 cases, 56 deaths, and 4 LGAs; Cross River, 557, 24
deaths; and Yobe 458 cases, 46 deaths and 3 LGAs affected. Jigawa recorded
86 cases, 6 deaths, and 4 local governments; Taraba 277 cases, 16 deaths
and 1 LGA; FCT 137 cases, 2 deaths, 1 area council; Kaduna 12 cases, 2
deaths, and 1 LGA; and Rivers 81 cases, 3 deaths, and 3 LGAs.

The statement added that laboratory results of stool and water samples
collected from suspected cases indicated that _Vibrio cholerae_ was
isolated from Gombe, Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Jigawa, and Taraba States,
while coliform was isolated from water samples in Rivers State.

It was also said that the reason for the outbreaks of cholera in most
states particularly in the north eastern part of the country this year
[2010] was as a result of heavy rains in most parts of the country leading
to flooding in many communities.

[byline: Emmanuel Enyinnaya Appolos]

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Substantially affecting the northern states of Nigeria, reports are now
surfacing regarding the outbreak being found in the south and capital areas
of the country. - Mod.LL]

******
[5] Cholera - Cameroon
Date: Tue 7 Sep 2010
Source: Google News, Associated Press (AP) report [edited]
<http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/art ... QD9I2C7K80>


UNICEF says more than 300 people have died in the West African nation of
Cameroon from the country's worst cholera outbreak in 20 years. UNICEF said
Monday [6 Sep 2010] that more than 4500 people have been sickened by the
highly contagious infection that causes diarrhea in victims, leading to
severe dehydration.

At least 331 people have died since the outbreak began in May 2010, and
officials fear it will spread further when children return to school this
week [week of 6 Sep 2010] after the summer break. UNICEF is launching an
informational campaign in schools to teach children about good hygiene to
prevent the disease from spreading.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[A map showing the regions of Cameroon can be accessed at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/c ... _pol98.jpg>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Cameroon is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/05Xt>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

******
[6] Cholera - Chad
Date: Sat 4 Sep 2010
Source: Google News, Associated Press (AP) report [edited]
<http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/art ... AD9I121K80>


Health officials in Chad say an outbreak of cholera in the Central African
nation has killed at least 41 people. Mahamat Mamadou Adji said Fri 3 Sep
2010 that there have been nearly 600 confirmed cases of the fast-moving
infection that causes diarrhea in victims, leading to severe dehydration.

The outbreak in Chad comes as officials in the neighboring countries of
Nigeria and Cameroon also have expressed concern about cholera deaths.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Maps of Chad are available at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... e/chad.pdf> and the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at <http://healthmap.org/r/05XE>. -
Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (23)
************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Cameroon
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Jigawa)


******
[1] Cholera - Cameroon
Date: Thu 9 Sep 2010
Source: Bloomberg Business Week [edited]
<http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-0 ... -says.html>


A cholera outbreak in northern Cameroon has killed 387 people, the Ministry
of Public Health said in a report released in the capital, Yaounde, on 9
Sep 2010.

The disease has infected 5571 people in the Central African country, 127
since 6 Sep 2010, the ministry said.

[byline: Pius Lukong]

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Maps of Cameroon are available at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/c ... _pol98.jpg> and the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at <http://healthmap.org/r/05Xt>. -
Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

******
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Jigawa)
Date: Fri 10 Sep 2010
Source: African Press Agency (APA) [edited]
<http://www.apanews.net/apa.php?page=sho ... cle=131617>


Despite efforts made by the Nigerian medical authorities to control the
spread of cholera and reduce the death toll, Jigawa state in northern
Nigeria has recorded more deaths from the cholera epidemic in the past few
months. The Jigawa State commissioner for Health, Alhaji Ibrahim Nashabaru,
told journalists on Thu 9 Sep 2010, in Dutse that the number of deaths had
risen from 5 to 20.

According to the commissioner, many of the victims died in their homes and
that most of the diagnosed cases were treated free at the hospitals.
Nashabaru said that health workers in the ministry had been on the ground
in villages to educate people on how to maintain personal and environmental
hygiene to control the epidemic.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Maps of Nigeria are available at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf> and the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at <http://healthmap.org/r/01Q4>. -
Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2010 (47)
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>


In this update:
Africa
[1] France ex Benin
[2] Cape Verde

******
[1] France ex Benin
Date: Thu 9 Sep 2010
Source: Eurosurveillance edition 2010; 15(36) [edited]
<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArt ... leId=19657>


Dengue virus infections in travellers returning from Benin to France,
July-August 2010
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[Authors: P Gautret 1,2, E Botelho-Nevers 1, RN Charrel 3, P Parola 1,2
1. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Hopital Nord AP-HM, Marseille, France
2. EurotravNet, the Network for travel medicine and tropical diseases
of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Marseille,
France
3. Virology laboratory, AP-HM hospital Timone, Marseille, France]

[Summary]
---------
In July and August 2010, 2 cases of dengue fever were diagnosed in
travellers returning from Benin to France. These 2 cases exemplify
that dengue fever should be considered in febrile travellers, even
those returning from areas where the infection is not usual.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Perhaps it would be more accurate to indicate that reporting of
cases is unusual, rather than that cases per se are unusual in
countries where surveillance is limited to absent. Clinical and
details and laboratory results of these 2 cases of dengue virus
infection acquired in Benin can be seen at the source URL above.

Interestingly, there was another case of dengue virus infection
acquired in Benin and diagnosed and treated in Japan. Dengue virus
type 3 was detected by real-time PCR and isolated by cell culture
(see ProMED-mail archive no. 20100826.3010).

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Benin
in West Africa can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/06JW>. - Mod.TY]

******
[2] Cape Verde
Date: Wed 8 Sep 2010
From: Maria de Lourdes Monteiro <marial.Monteiro@ms.gov.cv> [edited]


Just to give the situation about dengue surveillance data since 1
Jan-5 Sep 2010: total of suspect cases of dengue 355. Some of these
cases were confirmed.

Concerning week 35 (30 Aug-5 Sep [2010]) -- health facilities
notified 7 cases (5 from concelho [municipality] do Tarrafal, 1 from
concelho of Santa Catarina (in Santiago island), and 1 from concelho
de Sao Filipe (Fogo island).

In Praia around 5 suspected dengue cases are tested daily and the
results are negative.

The previous week (34) only 1 case was notified from (Santa Catarina).

Last month (August 2010) 15 cases were notified (6 from Praia, 3 from
Santa Catarina, 1 from Tarrafal , 4 from Sao Filipe, and 1 from
Mosteiros.)

The health facilities strengthened the surveillance of fever cases
and the antivector fight. Other partners are the field to fight
mosquitoes and to give preventive information to the population.

--
Maria de Lourdes Monteiro
Surveillance Service of the Ministry of Health
Cape Verde
<marial.Monteiro@ms.gov.cv>

[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Cape Verde can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/072o>. - Mod.TY]

Kamerun - Cholera
14.09.2010

Nach Regierungsangaben sind mindestens 5.571 Menschen an Cholera erkrankt und mindestens 387 gestorben. Es wird vor einer Ausbreitung des Ausbruches aus dem Norden des Landes in Nachbarländer gewarnt. Hygiene beachten, bei Reisen in die Region ist eine Impfung zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
______________________

Nigeria - Darminfektionen
14.09.2010

Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Ein Cholera-Ausbruch in den nördlichen Provinzen Bauchi und Borno hat laut Regierungsangaben über 350 Todesopfer gefordert. Mehr als 6.400 Erkrankungen wurden in etwa einem Drittel der Bundesstaaten Nigerias registriert. Aktuell wird ein weiterer Ausbruch im Bundesstaat Zamfara gemeldet. Cholera ist im Norden endemisch. Mit örtlichen oder regionalen Auftritten ist aber auch in anderen Landesteilen zu rechnen. Hygiene beachten, Impfung ist zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (24)
************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - Cameroon
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Kano)

******
[1] Cholera - Cameroon
Date: Tue 14 Sep 2010
Source: CRIENGLISH.com, Xinhua News Agency [summ., edited]
<http://english.cri.cn/6966/2010/09/14/167s594482.htm>


A total of 417 people had been killed by cholera in Cameroon
according to the country's health authorities. The outbreak was
declared on 6 May 2010 in the Extreme-Northern parts of the country
as 6239 cases had been reported.

Apart from spreading to the northern parts of the country, 2
suspected cholera cases have been reported in Yaounde, the country's
capital 3 others in Douala, the country's economic capital.

"These zones are prone to cholera due to heavy rains. Therefore we
should expect to see cholera cases all the time. There are some
carriers who will exhibit cholera symptoms and others who may not, "
the country's Public Health minister Andre Mama Fouda said after a
meeting in his office. He, however, noted that the Extreme Northern
parts, the northern parts, as well as the coastal regions and some
sections of the western region were the most affected by the epidemic.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Maps of Cameroon are available at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/c ... _pol98.jpg>
and the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at
<http://healthmap.org/r/05Xt>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

******
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Kano)
Date: Sun 12 Sep 2010
Source: AllAfrica, This Day report [summ., edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201009130427.html>


Governor Ibrahim Shekarau of Kano State has admitted that cholera,
which has affected some states in the country recently, has also
manifested in 2 local government areas of the state, and cautioned
people in the state to pay more attention to personal hygiene and
environmental sanitation.

The governor, who disclosed the presence of the disease yesterday [11
Sep 2010] in Kano while receiving the [Emir of Kano], who paid him
the traditional Sallah (Islamic celebration) homage at the government
house in Kano, mentioned Kunchi and Bichi as the affected local
governments that the cholera has affected.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Kano State is in the north of Nigeria where most of the cases of
cholera have been occurring. - Mod.LL]

[Maps of Nigeria are available at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf>
and the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at
<http://healthmap.org/r/07gc>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

MALARIA - DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: (KASAI ORIENTAL), SUSPECTED,
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*******************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Fri 17 Sep 2010
Source: Radio Okapi [trans. ProMED Mod.SC, edited]
<http://radiookapi.net/actualite/2010/09 ... paludisme/>

Suspected outbreak of malaria
-----------------------------
A disease suspected to be malaria rage in the area of Lake Munkamba,
territory Kabeya Kamuanga in Kasai-Oriental [province]. Several
children aged under 5 years have suffered from the disease. A total
of 30 deaths have been recorded since the onset 2 weeks ago.

A team of epidemiologists from the Provincial Health Office and the
World Health Organization (WHO) have visited the area, and on 13 Sep
2010 Kabeya Kamwanga announced the publication of his report in the
coming days. Children victims of the disease showed signs of acute
fever and vomiting a few hours before they died.

A team of experts was dispatched to Lake Munkamba, after this
information was brought to the attention of provincial deputies. On
site, emergency kits of drugs and compounds of sampling equipment has
been transferred.

The provincial Minister of Health suspects the presence of a form of
malaria in this part of the territory of Kabeya Kamuanga. The causes
of this disease, he said, could be environmental health hazards, the
straying of wild animals, and the lack of mosquito nets in the region.

In July 2010, other cases of malaria have claimed several lives in
the area of health Katako Kombe, in the same province of
Kasai-Oriental.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Malaria is highly endemic in the area. It is unclear why the disease
should be malaria, and no mention of positive blood films for malaria
parasites have been mentioned. The presence of diarrhea as a key
symptom could point to a waterborne infection and an alternative.
Malaria in humans is not associated with a reservoir in wildlife and
the lack of bed nets in the area is probably not new. If it indeed is
malaria, the use of substandard or counterfeit drugs could explain a
surge in malaria deaths in an already highly endemic area.

ProMED will be happy to post further details. - Mod.EP]

[The interactive HealthMap/ProMED map for DR Congo is available at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/01Cl> - CopyEd.EJP]

Angola - Darminfektionen
21.09.2010

Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Epidemische Ausbrüche von Cholera gab es seit 2006 in zahlreichen Provinzen einschließlich der hygienisch schlecht versorgten Viertel der Hauptstadt Luanda mit einem Gipfel jeweils während der Regenzeit, dies ist auch in 2010 nicht anders zu erwarten. Polio zirkuliert nach einer Pause von 4 Jahren durch Reimporte erneut im Lande. 2007 wurden 8 Erkrankungen nachgewiesen, 2008 stieg die Zahl auf insgesamt 28 Erkrankungen an. Für 2009 wurden 29 Fälle gemeldet. Seit Februar 2010 sind 21 Erkrankungen aufgetreten, alle Fälle wurden aus der Hauptstadt Luanda oder aus zuvor poliofreien Provinzen (Bie, Bengo, Huambo, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul und Uige) gemeldet. Der letzte Fall wurde am 28. Juli 2010 gemeldet. Angola ist derzeit das einzige Land in Afrika, in dem sich Polio noch weiter ausbreitet. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio) beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________________

Kamerun - Cholera
21.09.2010

Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Auch Cholera-Ausbrüche kommen ganzjährig vor, insbesondere im Norden des Landes (Grenzgebiet zum Tschad), aber auch in der West- und der Littoral-Region. Nach Regierungsangaben sind mindestens 6.239 Menschen an Cholera erkrankt und mind. 417 gestorben. Es wird vor einer Ausbreitung des Ausbruches aus dem Norden des Landes in Nachbarländer gewarnt. Hygiene beachten, bei Reisen in die Region ist eine Impfung zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
__________________________

Nigeria - Darminfektionen
21.09.2010

Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Ein Cholera-Ausbruch in den nördlichen Provinzen Bauchi und Borno hat laut Regierungsangaben über 350 Todesopfer gefordert. Mehr als 11.000 Erkrankungen wurden in etwa einem Drittel der Bundesstaaten Nigerias registriert. Aktuell wird ein weiterer Ausbruch im Bundesstaat Zamfara gemeldet. Cholera ist im Norden endemisch. Mit örtlichen oder regionalen Auftritten ist aber auch in anderen Landesteilen zu rechnen. Hygiene beachten, Impfung ist zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
__________________________

Sambia - Schlafkrankheit
21.09.2010

Bei einem amerikanischen Reiserückkehrer aus Sambia wurde die Schlafkrankheit nachgewiesen. Er war Teilnehmer einer Jagdsafari im South Luangwa River Valley Reservat (südlich des South Luangwe Nationalparks). Zuvor war ein weiterer Fall eines Einheimischen gemeldet worden. Schutz vor Tsetse-Fliegen beachten. / Quelle: crm

RABIES, HUMAN, CANINE - SOUTH AFRICA (GAUTENG), SUSPECTED
*********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Mon 27 Sep 2010
Source: Times Live, SAPA report [edited]
<http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/articl ... -in-Soweto>


A young Johannesburg girl has died, possibly after contracting rabies,
Gauteng agriculture and rural development MEC Nandi Mayathula-Khoza
said on Monday [27 Sep 2010].

The child, aged below 10, from Dobsonville, Soweto, died on [Sat 25
Sep 2010] at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital of symptoms similar to
those of rabies. She had a history of being bitten by dogs. Khoza said
it had not been confirmed yet whether she died of rabies. The case had
been handed to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases for
investigation.

Khoza was speaking at the start of a rabies vaccination drive at the
Kopanong community centre in Dobsonville, where people could bring
their animals to be vaccinated for free at a mobile SPCA clinic. The
campaign would be rolled out across Soweto until 22 Oct 2010. It was
prompted by a rabies outbreak in Southern and Western Johannesburg.

Rabies is a viral infection of the nervous system that affects all
mammals and is fatal once symptoms appear.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[It is unclear from this report if the victim had received
post-exposure prophylaxis. A time- and location-limited canine
vaccination drive seems a rather inadequate response. Further
information would be welcomed.

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of South Africa can be
accessed at: <http://healthmap.org/r/00vd>. - Mod.CP]