CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2011 (28): AFRICA
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
[1] Cholera - Somalia (Benadir region), internally displaced persons
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Yobe)
[3] Cholera - Nigeria (Nasarawa)
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Sokoto)
[5] Cholera - Lake Chad Basin countries
*****
[1] Cholera - Somalia (Benadir region), internally displaced persons
Date: Mon 29 Aug 2011
Shabelle Media Network
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201108290061.html>
At least 7 Somali children on Sunday [28 Aug 2011] died of watery
diarrhea at refugee camps in the seaside Mogadishu. Local residents
said that 30 other children are suffering from the disease of watery
diarrhea (a euphemism for cholera).
Most of the children, who were previously have had malnutrition and
other complications, are the newly arrived ones. One of drought hit
people, speaking to Shabelle, asked the aid agencies to extend
humanitarian hand to the starving people.
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******
[2] Cholera - Nigeria (Yobe)
Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011
Source: Daily Trust [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201108300394.html>
Yobe state commissioner of health, Hajia Fatsuma Talba has confirmed
that the recent case of cholera outbreak claimed the lives of 33
people, leaving 690 infected cases across the state. Talba said that
the cases recorded were for the last 2 days after visitation to the
affected local government areas of Fika, Potiskum, Nengere, Gujba, and
Gulani.
She said that government was working hard for timely intervention in
order to save lives whenever there is outbreak, citing example with
Gadaka town where 84 cases where detected but only 3 lost their
lives.
[byline: Hamisu Kabir Matazu]
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[3] Cholera - Nigeria (Nasarawa)
Date: Mon 29 Aug 2011
Source: Daily Trust [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201108291520.html>
Authorities in Nasarawa State have reported the outbreak of cholera in
some communities of Lafia and Karu local government areas, saying 11
people have died so far from cholera. 7 were said to have died in
Lafia alone, while 4 died in Karu between June and August 2011 when
the disease was noticed by clinics, officials who spoke to newsmen at
the weekend, said.
Chief community health officer at the primary health care (PHC)
clinic, Mana in Lafia, Mrs Aishatu Yahaya, and the director of
personnel management (DPM), at Karu Local Government Council, John
Iyakwari, separately confirmed the death of victims in their areas.
They cited cholera, saying clinics in their areas collated the
statistics they are relying on. They said no fewer than 189 cholera
cases were reported between June and 25 Aug 2011 by various clinics,
11 of which have died.
"The majority (of cholera cases) came in from Makama ward, Ciroma
ward, and a few streaks from Gayam ward," the chief health officer of
PHC in Lafia said, adding, "we have had about 7 deaths; we had the 1st
few cases in June 2011 but when they really started coming in large
numbers was in early July 2011; but as at yesterday (24 Aug 2011) we
have reported cases of about 186 and today (25 Aug 2011) we had 3
additional cases; bringing the total to 189 persons."
[byline: Hir Joseph]
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[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Sokoto)
Date: Mon 29 Aug 2011
Source: Daily Trust [edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201108290976.html>
So far, 2 children have died following outbreak of gastroenteritis in
Gandi town, Rabah Local Government Area of Sokoto State with a total
of 70 cases of cholera recorded to date in the area.
However, only one person is presently admitted at the Gandi Primary
Health Centre, officer in charge of the centre, Lawal Abdullahi
disclosed. According to him, the rest of the victims have been treated
and discharged from 19 to 28 Aug 2011.
A combined team of medical personnel from the state government, Rabah
local council and the Medicines Sans Frontiers (Doctors without
borders) were said to have brought the situation under control.
[byline: Rakiya A Muhammad]
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[5] Cholera - Lake Chad Basin countries
Date: Tue 30 Aug 2011
Source: IRIN News [edited]
<http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93617>
Cholera has killed at least 1200 people in 2011 in the countries
surrounding Lake Chad: Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria. The
illness, linked primarily to poor sanitation and lack of potable
water, has struck some 38 800 people in the region in 2011 and
continues to spread.
A good part of the rainy season lies ahead. While some epicentres
reported cholera cases during the dry period, the rains generally
cause spikes as water sources become contaminated.
The unique Lake Chad Basin is the centre of economic activity --
commerce, fishing, farming -- for some 11 million people, according to
an August [2011] report by the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF). Population
movements for social and commercial activity are constant between
areas where sanitation is poor. All this contributes to the explosion
of cholera once infection starts, according to aid agencies doing
prevention work in the region.
That is why a regional strategy is critical, UNICEF says. "A
cross-border, decentralized approach is necessary to protect each
country's population and nip outbreaks in the bud," says Francois
Bellet, UNICEF regional water and sanitation specialist for west and
central Africa.
In 2010, the Lake Chad Basin region reported 58 000 cases of cholera,
with 2300 deaths, according to UNICEF -- the most serious outbreak
since 1991. Here is a tally of how many people have been affected in
2011:
Cameroon: As of 22 Aug 2011, 14 730 cases; 554 deaths. Lethality rate
3.76 per cent
Chad: As of 22 Aug 2011, 10 314 cases; 314 deaths. Lethality rate 3.1
per cent
Niger: As of 8 Aug 2011, 976 cases; 25 deaths. Lethality rate 2.5 per
cent
Nigeria: As of 1 Aug 2011, 12 840 cases; 318 deaths. Lethality rate
2.5 per cent
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Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Moderator: Moderatoren
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Histoplasmose ex Uganda
HISTOPLASMOSIS, RESEARCHERS - UK: ex UGANDA, ALERT
**************************************************
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<http://www.promedmail.org>
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<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Wed 7 Sep 2011
From: Lucy Cottle <Lucy.Cottle@rlbuht.nhs.uk> [edited]
We report the case of a 22-year-old female, ordinarily resident in the
UK, who has been diagnosed with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
following a biology field trip in Uganda. Our patient spent one month
in Uganda from 19 Jun to 20 Jul 2011, studying insects, primates, and
bats in the rainforest near Fort Portal [Kabarole district, western
Uganda] close to the Congolese border. On a single occasion during the
last week of her trip she and fellow students climbed into a hollow
tree full of bats.
Our patient traveled to Canada on 24 Jul 2011 where, on 1 Aug 2011,
she developed a flu-like illness followed by a dry cough and mild
exertional shortness of breath. A chest x-ray in Canada showed
diffuse, miliary shadowing. Induced sputum was negative for AFB
staining. She returned to the UK on 22 Aug 2011. She continued to have
exertional dyspnea as well as chest pain. She was reviewed at
Blackpool Victoria Hospital where oxygen saturations were 93 percent
on room air and a chest x-ray showed persistent diffuse nodularity
with the suspicion of a thin-walled cavity in the right lower lobe.
She was referred to our Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit at the
Royal Liverpool University Hospital with suspected pulmonary
histoplasmosis, which has been confirmed with serology.
Of the group of 24 who visited Uganda, 8 others have been diagnosed
with histoplasmosis in their home country (another in the UK and one
in each in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Poland,
South Africa, and Madagascar). These 8 individuals shared the same
risk factor for exposure, having also climbed into the bat-infested
tree. 2 of the 8 were initially suspected of having tuberculosis
before being diagnosed with histoplasmosis.
In addition to these 9 cases of histoplasmosis, a 10th member of the
group, from the Netherlands, was diagnosed with miliary TB while
traveling in Kenya.
Our patient has been reported to the GeoSentinel Surveillance site.
Her symptoms are resolving spontaneously and she has not required
treatment. We are reporting this patient in case other physicians
encounter travelers from the same or similar groups. We would be eager
to hear from other specialists involved with this particular outbreak
in order to collate data.
[Authors: Cottle LE, Gorsuch T, Chaponda M, Williams HJ, Beeching NJ]
--
Dr Lucy Cottle
Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Liverpool, UK
<Lucy.Cottle@rlbuht.nhs.uk>
[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Cottle and her colleagues for this 1st-hand
report and alert.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Uganda can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/1dQU>.
The following was obtained from Medscape
(<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2 ... ew#showall>):
"_Histoplasma capsulatum_ is a dimorphic fungus that remains in a
mycelial form at ambient temperatures and grows as yeast at body
temperature in mammals. Infection causes histoplasmosis. Although the
fungus that causes histoplasmosis can be found in temperate climates
throughout the world, it is endemic to the Ohio, Missouri, and
Mississippi River valleys in the United States. Internationally, the
fungus is predominantly found in river valleys in North and Central
America, eastern and southern Europe, and parts of Africa, eastern
Asia, and Australia.
The soil in areas endemic for histoplasmosis provides an acidic damp
environment with high organic content that is good for mycelial
growth. Highly infectious soil is found near areas inhabited by bats
and birds. Birds cannot be infected by the fungus and do not transmit
the disease; however, bird excretions contaminate the soil, thereby
enriching the growth medium for the mycelium. In contrast, bats can
become infected, and they transmit histoplasmosis through droppings.
Contaminated soil can be potentially infectious for years. Outbreaks
of histoplasmosis have been associated with construction and
renovation activities that disrupt contaminated soil. In addition,
travelers to endemic areas are at risk for histoplasmosis because
airborne spores can travel hundreds of feet.
Most individuals with histoplasmosis are asymptomatic. Those who
develop clinical manifestations are usually immunocompromised or are
exposed to a high quantity of inoculum. _Histoplasma_ species may
remain latent in healed granulomas and recur, if there is impairment
of cell-mediated immunity.
Approximately 90 percent of patients are asymptomatic. If symptoms
develop, onset occurs 3-14 days after exposure. Fever, headache,
malaise, myalgia, abdominal pain, and chills are common symptoms;
usually, histoplasmosis is self-limited. Individuals exposed to a
large inoculum may develop severe dyspnea resulting from diffuse
pulmonary involvement. Joint pain and skin lesions occur in 5-6
percent of patients, mostly in females. Enlarged hilar and mediastinal
lymph nodes are present in 5-10 percent of patients. Cough,
hemoptysis, dyspnea, and/or chest pain may be present and are related
to the degree of compression on the pulmonary airway and circulation.
Paratracheal involvement may cause cough or dyspnea because of
compression on the trachea or bronchi."
African histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the fungus
_Histoplasma capsulatum_ var. _duboisii_ which occurs, with very few
exceptions, only on the central part African continent, most commonly
in west and central Africa, particularly Nigeria, Senegal, the
Democratic Republic of Congo, and Angola. The _duboisii_ variety has
yeast cells that average about twice the size of _H. capsulatum_ var.
_capsulatum_. In general, the _duboisii_ variant is recognized when
presenting with dissemination to skin, bone, and lymph node rather
than the primary lung form. Both variants are more likely to
disseminate in the presence of immune suppression. - Mod.LL]
**************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Wed 7 Sep 2011
From: Lucy Cottle <Lucy.Cottle@rlbuht.nhs.uk> [edited]
We report the case of a 22-year-old female, ordinarily resident in the
UK, who has been diagnosed with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
following a biology field trip in Uganda. Our patient spent one month
in Uganda from 19 Jun to 20 Jul 2011, studying insects, primates, and
bats in the rainforest near Fort Portal [Kabarole district, western
Uganda] close to the Congolese border. On a single occasion during the
last week of her trip she and fellow students climbed into a hollow
tree full of bats.
Our patient traveled to Canada on 24 Jul 2011 where, on 1 Aug 2011,
she developed a flu-like illness followed by a dry cough and mild
exertional shortness of breath. A chest x-ray in Canada showed
diffuse, miliary shadowing. Induced sputum was negative for AFB
staining. She returned to the UK on 22 Aug 2011. She continued to have
exertional dyspnea as well as chest pain. She was reviewed at
Blackpool Victoria Hospital where oxygen saturations were 93 percent
on room air and a chest x-ray showed persistent diffuse nodularity
with the suspicion of a thin-walled cavity in the right lower lobe.
She was referred to our Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit at the
Royal Liverpool University Hospital with suspected pulmonary
histoplasmosis, which has been confirmed with serology.
Of the group of 24 who visited Uganda, 8 others have been diagnosed
with histoplasmosis in their home country (another in the UK and one
in each in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Poland,
South Africa, and Madagascar). These 8 individuals shared the same
risk factor for exposure, having also climbed into the bat-infested
tree. 2 of the 8 were initially suspected of having tuberculosis
before being diagnosed with histoplasmosis.
In addition to these 9 cases of histoplasmosis, a 10th member of the
group, from the Netherlands, was diagnosed with miliary TB while
traveling in Kenya.
Our patient has been reported to the GeoSentinel Surveillance site.
Her symptoms are resolving spontaneously and she has not required
treatment. We are reporting this patient in case other physicians
encounter travelers from the same or similar groups. We would be eager
to hear from other specialists involved with this particular outbreak
in order to collate data.
[Authors: Cottle LE, Gorsuch T, Chaponda M, Williams HJ, Beeching NJ]
--
Dr Lucy Cottle
Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Liverpool, UK
<Lucy.Cottle@rlbuht.nhs.uk>
[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Cottle and her colleagues for this 1st-hand
report and alert.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Uganda can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/1dQU>.
The following was obtained from Medscape
(<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2 ... ew#showall>):
"_Histoplasma capsulatum_ is a dimorphic fungus that remains in a
mycelial form at ambient temperatures and grows as yeast at body
temperature in mammals. Infection causes histoplasmosis. Although the
fungus that causes histoplasmosis can be found in temperate climates
throughout the world, it is endemic to the Ohio, Missouri, and
Mississippi River valleys in the United States. Internationally, the
fungus is predominantly found in river valleys in North and Central
America, eastern and southern Europe, and parts of Africa, eastern
Asia, and Australia.
The soil in areas endemic for histoplasmosis provides an acidic damp
environment with high organic content that is good for mycelial
growth. Highly infectious soil is found near areas inhabited by bats
and birds. Birds cannot be infected by the fungus and do not transmit
the disease; however, bird excretions contaminate the soil, thereby
enriching the growth medium for the mycelium. In contrast, bats can
become infected, and they transmit histoplasmosis through droppings.
Contaminated soil can be potentially infectious for years. Outbreaks
of histoplasmosis have been associated with construction and
renovation activities that disrupt contaminated soil. In addition,
travelers to endemic areas are at risk for histoplasmosis because
airborne spores can travel hundreds of feet.
Most individuals with histoplasmosis are asymptomatic. Those who
develop clinical manifestations are usually immunocompromised or are
exposed to a high quantity of inoculum. _Histoplasma_ species may
remain latent in healed granulomas and recur, if there is impairment
of cell-mediated immunity.
Approximately 90 percent of patients are asymptomatic. If symptoms
develop, onset occurs 3-14 days after exposure. Fever, headache,
malaise, myalgia, abdominal pain, and chills are common symptoms;
usually, histoplasmosis is self-limited. Individuals exposed to a
large inoculum may develop severe dyspnea resulting from diffuse
pulmonary involvement. Joint pain and skin lesions occur in 5-6
percent of patients, mostly in females. Enlarged hilar and mediastinal
lymph nodes are present in 5-10 percent of patients. Cough,
hemoptysis, dyspnea, and/or chest pain may be present and are related
to the degree of compression on the pulmonary airway and circulation.
Paratracheal involvement may cause cough or dyspnea because of
compression on the trachea or bronchi."
African histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the fungus
_Histoplasma capsulatum_ var. _duboisii_ which occurs, with very few
exceptions, only on the central part African continent, most commonly
in west and central Africa, particularly Nigeria, Senegal, the
Democratic Republic of Congo, and Angola. The _duboisii_ variety has
yeast cells that average about twice the size of _H. capsulatum_ var.
_capsulatum_. In general, the _duboisii_ variant is recognized when
presenting with dissemination to skin, bone, and lymph node rather
than the primary lung form. Both variants are more likely to
disseminate in the presence of immune suppression. - Mod.LL]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Sambia - Milzbrand
08.09.2011
Sambia gehört zu den Ländern mit dem höchsten Vorkommen dieser schweren bakteriellen Erkrankung von Tier und Mensch, die zu bösartigen Geschwüren an Haut oder Darm mit schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen führen kann. Im Distrikt Chama (NO) gibt es seit dem 26. August einen Ausbruch, der bereits zu 205 Erkrankungen geführt hat. Die Erkrankten hatten Fleisch eines infizierten Nilpferdes gegessen oder hatten das Fleisch berührt. Vorsicht beim Umgang mit kranken Tieren, Verzehr von Fleisch nur ausreichend gegart. / Quelle: crm
__________________________
Tschad - Darminfektionen
08.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Bereits vor Beginn der diesjährigen Regenzeit steigen die Zahlen von Cholera-Erkrankungen dramatisch an. Nach Angaben des Internationalen Roten Kreuzes (ICRC) werden zurzeit wöchentlich 1.000 neue Fälle registriert, insgesamt gibt es bereits 12.700 Erkrankungen und mindestens 360 Todesfälle seit Beginn der Epidemie im Mai. Die meisten Menschen leben unter extrem schlechten sanitären Bedingungen, so dass Trinkwasser mit Fäkalien verunreinigt wird. Das ICRC ist seit dem 26. August im Land um Krankenstationen aufzubauen sowie Aufklärungsarbeit für die Bevölkerung zu initiieren. Hygiene und Impfschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
Gruß
Birgitt
08.09.2011
Sambia gehört zu den Ländern mit dem höchsten Vorkommen dieser schweren bakteriellen Erkrankung von Tier und Mensch, die zu bösartigen Geschwüren an Haut oder Darm mit schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen führen kann. Im Distrikt Chama (NO) gibt es seit dem 26. August einen Ausbruch, der bereits zu 205 Erkrankungen geführt hat. Die Erkrankten hatten Fleisch eines infizierten Nilpferdes gegessen oder hatten das Fleisch berührt. Vorsicht beim Umgang mit kranken Tieren, Verzehr von Fleisch nur ausreichend gegart. / Quelle: crm
__________________________
Tschad - Darminfektionen
08.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Bereits vor Beginn der diesjährigen Regenzeit steigen die Zahlen von Cholera-Erkrankungen dramatisch an. Nach Angaben des Internationalen Roten Kreuzes (ICRC) werden zurzeit wöchentlich 1.000 neue Fälle registriert, insgesamt gibt es bereits 12.700 Erkrankungen und mindestens 360 Todesfälle seit Beginn der Epidemie im Mai. Die meisten Menschen leben unter extrem schlechten sanitären Bedingungen, so dass Trinkwasser mit Fäkalien verunreinigt wird. Das ICRC ist seit dem 26. August im Land um Krankenstationen aufzubauen sowie Aufklärungsarbeit für die Bevölkerung zu initiieren. Hygiene und Impfschutz beachten. / Quelle: crm
Gruß
Birgitt
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Brucellose in Uganda
BRUCELLOSIS, ANIMAL, HUMAN - UGANDA: (MBARARA), REQUEST FOR
INFORMATION
***********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 8 Sep 2011
Source: AllAfrica [summarised, edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201109080190.html>
Legislators Issue Alert On Cattle Disease
-----------------------------------------
Members of Parliament (MPs) yesterday issued an alert over an outbreak
[see commentary] of brucellosis in different parts of the country. The
legislators, particularly from Mbarara District, raised fears that the
disease, which is transmitted from cattle to human beings, continues
to ravage different parts of the country, and they called on
government to intervene immediately.
"The disease is being transmitted from cattle to human beings through
consuming raw animal products. Let the ministry vaccinate our animals
before it is too late," MP for Mbarara, Ms Emma Boona, said yesterday
[7 Sep 2011].
Brucellosis is associated with the consumption of unpasteurised milk,
ghee and cheese made from the milk of infected animals that include
cattle and goats infected with the bacteria _Brucella melitensis_.
Dr Francis Epatait (Ngora County) noted that the disease also causes
infertility and abortions among human beings. "The effects are really
grave and the government should act fast," he said.
Dr Medard Bitekyerezo (Mbarara Municipality) noted that so many people
suffering from the disease have been admitted into Mbarara hospitals
and clinics.
The Third Deputy Prime Minister, Gen. Moses Ali, promised to
investigate the matter and take action.
[Byline: Mercy Nalugo]
--
Communicated by:
Sabine Zentis
Gut Laach
52385 Nideggen, Germany
e-mail <CVLonghorns@aol.com>
[The article included several inaccuracies and was therefore
considerably edited. The current situation is not an "outbreak" but
rather a continuing, concerning condition which is said to be
deteriorating.
The article mentions _B. melitensis_ as the causative agent in cattle;
the main cause of cattle brucellosis is _B. abortus_. In fact both _B.
abortus_ (mainly affecting cattle) and _B.melitensis_ (mainly in
goats, but also affecting cattle) are reported as endemic in Uganda
and both are zoonotic.
Earlier surveillance, carried out in Mbarara -- one of Uganda's most
important dairy-production areas -- mentioned herd prevalence for
brucellosis, in cattle, of 55.6 percent, individual-animal prevalence
of 15.8 percent and within-herd range of 1Â90 percent (Ref 1).
Uganda's annual reports to the OIE (2005-2010) do not include
information on the number of outbreaks nor on the brucellosis
vaccination coverage; such information, as well as updated information
about the current prevailing control measures and human infection data
are requested.
Ref 1
Faye Bernarda, Castel Vincenta et al (2005). Tuberculosis and
brucellosis prevalence survey on dairy cattle in Mbarara milk basin
(Uganda). Preventive Veterinary Medicine 67 (4), 267-281. - Mod.AS]
INFORMATION
***********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 8 Sep 2011
Source: AllAfrica [summarised, edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201109080190.html>
Legislators Issue Alert On Cattle Disease
-----------------------------------------
Members of Parliament (MPs) yesterday issued an alert over an outbreak
[see commentary] of brucellosis in different parts of the country. The
legislators, particularly from Mbarara District, raised fears that the
disease, which is transmitted from cattle to human beings, continues
to ravage different parts of the country, and they called on
government to intervene immediately.
"The disease is being transmitted from cattle to human beings through
consuming raw animal products. Let the ministry vaccinate our animals
before it is too late," MP for Mbarara, Ms Emma Boona, said yesterday
[7 Sep 2011].
Brucellosis is associated with the consumption of unpasteurised milk,
ghee and cheese made from the milk of infected animals that include
cattle and goats infected with the bacteria _Brucella melitensis_.
Dr Francis Epatait (Ngora County) noted that the disease also causes
infertility and abortions among human beings. "The effects are really
grave and the government should act fast," he said.
Dr Medard Bitekyerezo (Mbarara Municipality) noted that so many people
suffering from the disease have been admitted into Mbarara hospitals
and clinics.
The Third Deputy Prime Minister, Gen. Moses Ali, promised to
investigate the matter and take action.
[Byline: Mercy Nalugo]
--
Communicated by:
Sabine Zentis
Gut Laach
52385 Nideggen, Germany
e-mail <CVLonghorns@aol.com>
[The article included several inaccuracies and was therefore
considerably edited. The current situation is not an "outbreak" but
rather a continuing, concerning condition which is said to be
deteriorating.
The article mentions _B. melitensis_ as the causative agent in cattle;
the main cause of cattle brucellosis is _B. abortus_. In fact both _B.
abortus_ (mainly affecting cattle) and _B.melitensis_ (mainly in
goats, but also affecting cattle) are reported as endemic in Uganda
and both are zoonotic.
Earlier surveillance, carried out in Mbarara -- one of Uganda's most
important dairy-production areas -- mentioned herd prevalence for
brucellosis, in cattle, of 55.6 percent, individual-animal prevalence
of 15.8 percent and within-herd range of 1Â90 percent (Ref 1).
Uganda's annual reports to the OIE (2005-2010) do not include
information on the number of outbreaks nor on the brucellosis
vaccination coverage; such information, as well as updated information
about the current prevailing control measures and human infection data
are requested.
Ref 1
Faye Bernarda, Castel Vincenta et al (2005). Tuberculosis and
brucellosis prevalence survey on dairy cattle in Mbarara milk basin
(Uganda). Preventive Veterinary Medicine 67 (4), 267-281. - Mod.AS]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Aktuelle Epidemien in Afrika
Sambia - Milzbrand
12.09.2011
Sambia gehört zu den Ländern mit dem höchsten Vorkommen dieser schweren bakteriellen Erkrankung von Tier und Mensch, die zu bösartigen Geschwüren an Haut oder Darm mit schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen führen kann. Im Distrikt Chama (NO) gibt es seit dem 26. August einen Ausbruch, der bereits zu 278 Erkrankungen geführt hat. Die Erkrankten hatten Fleisch eines infizierten Nilpferdes gegessen oder hatten das Fleisch berührt. Vorsicht beim Umgang mit kranken Tieren, Verzehr von Fleisch nur ausreichend gegart. / Quelle: crm
______________________
Tansania - Masern
12.09.2011
Der Ausbruch, der seit Mitte August Sansibar betrifft, hat nun bis Anfang September schon zu 262 Erkrankungen geführt. Die Insel war 5 Jahre lang frei von Masern. Impfschutz beachten. Fehlende Impfungen sollten gemäß den aktuellen STIKO-Empfehlungen nachgeholt werden. / Quelle: crm
Gruß
Birgitt
12.09.2011
Sambia gehört zu den Ländern mit dem höchsten Vorkommen dieser schweren bakteriellen Erkrankung von Tier und Mensch, die zu bösartigen Geschwüren an Haut oder Darm mit schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen führen kann. Im Distrikt Chama (NO) gibt es seit dem 26. August einen Ausbruch, der bereits zu 278 Erkrankungen geführt hat. Die Erkrankten hatten Fleisch eines infizierten Nilpferdes gegessen oder hatten das Fleisch berührt. Vorsicht beim Umgang mit kranken Tieren, Verzehr von Fleisch nur ausreichend gegart. / Quelle: crm
______________________
Tansania - Masern
12.09.2011
Der Ausbruch, der seit Mitte August Sansibar betrifft, hat nun bis Anfang September schon zu 262 Erkrankungen geführt. Die Insel war 5 Jahre lang frei von Masern. Impfschutz beachten. Fehlende Impfungen sollten gemäß den aktuellen STIKO-Empfehlungen nachgeholt werden. / Quelle: crm
Gruß
Birgitt
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Hepatitis B in Nord-Uganda - Kitgum und Gulu
HEPATITIS B VIRUS - UGANDA: (KITGUM, GULU)
******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
<http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/765154>
Hepatitis B hits Kitgum and Gulu
--------------------------------
A dangerous type of hepatitis has broken out in Kitgum and Gulu,
Parliament has heard. Kitgum district MP (Member of Parliament)
Beatrice Anywar said 12 cases of hepatitis B had been confirmed at St.
Joseph's Hospital, Lacor. She said the patients were from Kitgum town
council, Muchuni and Adelang. Hepatitis B is an infectious disease
caused by hepatitis B virus which affects the liver and causes
hepatitis.
About a quarter of the world's population, over 2 billion people, have
been infected with the hepatitis B virus. This includes 350 million
chronic carriers of the virus. Transmission of hepatitis B occurs
through exposure to blood or body fluids such as semen and vaginal
fluids of infected people. Other risk factors include working in a
health care setting, blood transfusions, dialysis, acupuncture,
tattooing and extended overseas travel. The infection is preventable
by vaccination. Infection at birth is a major route of infection in
developing countries.
Anywar named Acholi, Karamoja and Lango as the regions suspected to be
harbouring the virus. She was concerned about the lack of reagents for
testing and appealed to the government to provide the reagents.
Anywar urged the Ministry of Health to provide Parliament with a
statement on the spread of the disease and the steps being taken to
fight it, a request to which health state minister Richard Nduhuura
obliged.
Gulu MP Betty Aol Ocan said the disease was also reported in Gulu
where seven people had died.
Mbarara Municipality MP Medard Bitekyerezo said western Uganda was
also affected. "It means the whole country is under attack," he said.
[Byline: Joyce Namutebi, Mary Karugaba]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-EAFR
<promed-eafr@promedmail.org>
[The WHO estimates indicate that close to half of the global
population lives in areas with high endemicity (more than 8 percent of
the population are HBsAg-positive) for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection. A national survey conducted by the Uganda Ministry of
Health in 2004/05 indicated that one in 10 Ugandans had chronic HBV
infection, with the North East, North Central, and West Nile
sub-regions having considerably higher levels of infection of 24, 21,
and 18 percent respectively
<http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/AIS2/AIS2.pdf>. Gulu and Kitgum,
where the current cases HBV cases have been reported, are located in
the North Central sub-region.
Due to the high endemicity of HBV chronic infection in these settings,
most transmission occurs perinatally or in early childhood and hence
WHO recommends routine infant vaccination as well as vaccination of
high risk groups and health care workers in risk settings. Performance
reports from the districts indicate that 71 percent and 89 percent of
infants in Kitgum and Gulu districts respectively received 3 doses of
the pentavalent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, HBV, and Haemophilus
influenza type b vaccine during 2009/10
(<http://www.health.go.ug/docs/AHSPR09.pdf>). Hence, more investments
need to be made in improving routine immunisation coverage so that
infants are protected from HBV infection and its long term
complications like liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Uganda can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00bX>. A map showing the districts of Uganda
can be accessed at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Uganda>.
- Mod.JFW]
[A detailed description of Kitgum District is available at:
<http://www.kitgum.go.ug/overview/health.htm>. Here it is stated that
Kitgum district has a total of 35 health facilities. Out of these, 28
(80 percent) are functional; while 7 (20 percent) of the units are
non-functional. Most of the non-functional health units have either
just been completed and not yet opened or have no health staff posted
to run them. The health sector operates with less than 70 percent of
its established and approved staffing level.
The burdens of diseases are mainly communicable and therefore
preventable through appropriate public health intervention. The
district had a cholera outbreak that was considered the longest
outbreak ever in the history of the nation. However the 10 major
causes, in-order of importance, are namely: Malaria, acute respiratory
infections, intestinal worms, diarrhoeal diseases, anemia,
malnutrition, HIV/AIDS and injuries.
In addition, an extensive epidemic of hepatitis E virus infection
among internal displaced was recorded in in 2009 (see: Hepatitis E
virus - Uganda (04): (KT) 20090530.2012). Subsequently a national
survey revealed that hepatitis B virus infection is highly endemic in
Uganda. According to J Bwogi et al. (Afr Health Sci 2009 Jun
;9(2):98-108) hepatitis B virus transmission occurs mainly in
childhood and adulthood. More than 1.4 million adults are chronically
infected with some communities disproportionately affected. A
hepatitis B infant immunization programme needs to be developed
further with catch-up vaccination considered for older children.
It is not clear from the above press report whether Kitgum and Gulu
are among the disproportionately affected regions. Further information
would be welcomed. - Mod.CP]
******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
<http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/765154>
Hepatitis B hits Kitgum and Gulu
--------------------------------
A dangerous type of hepatitis has broken out in Kitgum and Gulu,
Parliament has heard. Kitgum district MP (Member of Parliament)
Beatrice Anywar said 12 cases of hepatitis B had been confirmed at St.
Joseph's Hospital, Lacor. She said the patients were from Kitgum town
council, Muchuni and Adelang. Hepatitis B is an infectious disease
caused by hepatitis B virus which affects the liver and causes
hepatitis.
About a quarter of the world's population, over 2 billion people, have
been infected with the hepatitis B virus. This includes 350 million
chronic carriers of the virus. Transmission of hepatitis B occurs
through exposure to blood or body fluids such as semen and vaginal
fluids of infected people. Other risk factors include working in a
health care setting, blood transfusions, dialysis, acupuncture,
tattooing and extended overseas travel. The infection is preventable
by vaccination. Infection at birth is a major route of infection in
developing countries.
Anywar named Acholi, Karamoja and Lango as the regions suspected to be
harbouring the virus. She was concerned about the lack of reagents for
testing and appealed to the government to provide the reagents.
Anywar urged the Ministry of Health to provide Parliament with a
statement on the spread of the disease and the steps being taken to
fight it, a request to which health state minister Richard Nduhuura
obliged.
Gulu MP Betty Aol Ocan said the disease was also reported in Gulu
where seven people had died.
Mbarara Municipality MP Medard Bitekyerezo said western Uganda was
also affected. "It means the whole country is under attack," he said.
[Byline: Joyce Namutebi, Mary Karugaba]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-EAFR
<promed-eafr@promedmail.org>
[The WHO estimates indicate that close to half of the global
population lives in areas with high endemicity (more than 8 percent of
the population are HBsAg-positive) for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection. A national survey conducted by the Uganda Ministry of
Health in 2004/05 indicated that one in 10 Ugandans had chronic HBV
infection, with the North East, North Central, and West Nile
sub-regions having considerably higher levels of infection of 24, 21,
and 18 percent respectively
<http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/AIS2/AIS2.pdf>. Gulu and Kitgum,
where the current cases HBV cases have been reported, are located in
the North Central sub-region.
Due to the high endemicity of HBV chronic infection in these settings,
most transmission occurs perinatally or in early childhood and hence
WHO recommends routine infant vaccination as well as vaccination of
high risk groups and health care workers in risk settings. Performance
reports from the districts indicate that 71 percent and 89 percent of
infants in Kitgum and Gulu districts respectively received 3 doses of
the pentavalent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, HBV, and Haemophilus
influenza type b vaccine during 2009/10
(<http://www.health.go.ug/docs/AHSPR09.pdf>). Hence, more investments
need to be made in improving routine immunisation coverage so that
infants are protected from HBV infection and its long term
complications like liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Uganda can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00bX>. A map showing the districts of Uganda
can be accessed at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Uganda>.
- Mod.JFW]
[A detailed description of Kitgum District is available at:
<http://www.kitgum.go.ug/overview/health.htm>. Here it is stated that
Kitgum district has a total of 35 health facilities. Out of these, 28
(80 percent) are functional; while 7 (20 percent) of the units are
non-functional. Most of the non-functional health units have either
just been completed and not yet opened or have no health staff posted
to run them. The health sector operates with less than 70 percent of
its established and approved staffing level.
The burdens of diseases are mainly communicable and therefore
preventable through appropriate public health intervention. The
district had a cholera outbreak that was considered the longest
outbreak ever in the history of the nation. However the 10 major
causes, in-order of importance, are namely: Malaria, acute respiratory
infections, intestinal worms, diarrhoeal diseases, anemia,
malnutrition, HIV/AIDS and injuries.
In addition, an extensive epidemic of hepatitis E virus infection
among internal displaced was recorded in in 2009 (see: Hepatitis E
virus - Uganda (04): (KT) 20090530.2012). Subsequently a national
survey revealed that hepatitis B virus infection is highly endemic in
Uganda. According to J Bwogi et al. (Afr Health Sci 2009 Jun
;9(2):98-108) hepatitis B virus transmission occurs mainly in
childhood and adulthood. More than 1.4 million adults are chronically
infected with some communities disproportionately affected. A
hepatitis B infant immunization programme needs to be developed
further with catch-up vaccination considered for older children.
It is not clear from the above press report whether Kitgum and Gulu
are among the disproportionately affected regions. Further information
would be welcomed. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Lebensmittelvergiftung in Südafrika - Rustenburg
UNDIAGNOSED FOOD POISONING - SOUTH AFRICA, ORGANOPHOSPHATE SUSPECTED,
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*********************************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 10 Sep 2011
Source: Pretorian News [edited]
<http://www.pretorianews.co.za/poisoned- ... -1.1134953>
About 40 people, including several children, collapsed at a taxi rank
in Rustenburg, North West, on Saturday [10 Sep 2011] in a suspected
poisoning incident, paramedics said. Paramedics arrived at the taxi
rank at 11 AM and found many people lying on the ground, Netcare 911
spokesman Jeff Wicks said. Most of them showed symptoms of
organophosphate poisoning including vomiting, profuse sweating, nausea
and diarrhoea.
Organophosphate is a chemical used to kill insects and animals that
damage crops.
They told medics they had fallen ill after eating food at a nearby
restaurant, Wicks said.
Further details about the poisoning were not immediately available.
Those affected were taken to various hospitals in an ambulance and
minibus taxis.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[This article contains very little information. The clinical signs
mentioned, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, nausea and an apparently
rapid onset, sound like poisoning by organophosphates.
Organophosphate poisoning in South Africa is a reportable condition
that frequently goes under-diagnosed or under-recognized because of
lack of training for health care workers.
The article does not tell us what the emergency assistance people
treated the victims with. If it was organophosphates, then atropine
would have been an appropriate treatment and should have caused
abatement of some of the clinical signs.
Organophosphates are used in insect control on crops and for parasite
control on cattle and pets.
Exposure to organophosphates can occur by inhalation, ingestion, or by
contact. Since so many people were affected, it would seem that they
must have been exposed either by ingestion or by inhalation. It is not
reported whether any of the restaurant workers were suffering as well.
If they were, then it may be more of an inhalational exposure. If not,
then it may be ingestion.
While the article provides little information, dichlorvos is an
organophoshate that is often used in some countries in and around
storage areas that may house produce.
Dichlorvos is an organophosphate insecticide which is used to control
insects, primarily in storage areas and barns. It can affect the
nervous system, where it may cause nausea and vomiting, restlessness,
sweating, and muscle tremors at high levels. It is a dense colorless
liquid. It has a sweetish smell and readily mixes with water.
Dichlorvos used in pest control is diluted with other chemicals and
used as a spray. It can also be incorporated into plastic that slowly
releases the chemical.
Ingesting large doses may cause nausea and vomiting, restlessness,
sweating, and muscle tremors, while very large doses may cause coma,
inability to breathe, and death. Animal studies have also shown
effects on the nervous system when animals drank water or ate food
containing dichlorvos.
Any organophosphate is an anticholinesterase agent, blocking
acetylcholine and resulting in clinical signs such as excessive
salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal
effects.
Compared to poisoning by other organophosphates, dichlorvos causes a
more rapid onset of symptoms, which is often followed by a similarly
rapid recovery. The reason for this rapid disappearance of dichlorvos
is the presence of degrading enzymes in both tissues and blood plasma.
When dichlorvos is absorbed after ingestion, it is moved rapidly to
the liver where it is rapidly detoxified.
It is not known whether dichlorvos can affect reproduction or cause
birth defects in people. Animal studies have not reported effects on
reproduction or birth defects when animals were exposed to
dichlorvos.
It is not known whether dichlorvos causes cancer in people. A study in
rats and mice reported that rats had an increase in cancer of the
pancreas and in leukemia, and female mice had an increase in stomach
cancer after they were fed dichlorvos for 2 years.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined
that dichlorvos is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Portions of this comment have been extracted from:
<http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts88.html> and
<http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/dichlorv.htm>. - Mod.TG]
[For the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map of Rustenburg, North-West in
South Africa, see <http://healthmap.org/r/1fcW>. More information on
the exact etiology of this event would be greatly appreciated. -
Mod.MPP]]
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*********************************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 10 Sep 2011
Source: Pretorian News [edited]
<http://www.pretorianews.co.za/poisoned- ... -1.1134953>
About 40 people, including several children, collapsed at a taxi rank
in Rustenburg, North West, on Saturday [10 Sep 2011] in a suspected
poisoning incident, paramedics said. Paramedics arrived at the taxi
rank at 11 AM and found many people lying on the ground, Netcare 911
spokesman Jeff Wicks said. Most of them showed symptoms of
organophosphate poisoning including vomiting, profuse sweating, nausea
and diarrhoea.
Organophosphate is a chemical used to kill insects and animals that
damage crops.
They told medics they had fallen ill after eating food at a nearby
restaurant, Wicks said.
Further details about the poisoning were not immediately available.
Those affected were taken to various hospitals in an ambulance and
minibus taxis.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[This article contains very little information. The clinical signs
mentioned, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, nausea and an apparently
rapid onset, sound like poisoning by organophosphates.
Organophosphate poisoning in South Africa is a reportable condition
that frequently goes under-diagnosed or under-recognized because of
lack of training for health care workers.
The article does not tell us what the emergency assistance people
treated the victims with. If it was organophosphates, then atropine
would have been an appropriate treatment and should have caused
abatement of some of the clinical signs.
Organophosphates are used in insect control on crops and for parasite
control on cattle and pets.
Exposure to organophosphates can occur by inhalation, ingestion, or by
contact. Since so many people were affected, it would seem that they
must have been exposed either by ingestion or by inhalation. It is not
reported whether any of the restaurant workers were suffering as well.
If they were, then it may be more of an inhalational exposure. If not,
then it may be ingestion.
While the article provides little information, dichlorvos is an
organophoshate that is often used in some countries in and around
storage areas that may house produce.
Dichlorvos is an organophosphate insecticide which is used to control
insects, primarily in storage areas and barns. It can affect the
nervous system, where it may cause nausea and vomiting, restlessness,
sweating, and muscle tremors at high levels. It is a dense colorless
liquid. It has a sweetish smell and readily mixes with water.
Dichlorvos used in pest control is diluted with other chemicals and
used as a spray. It can also be incorporated into plastic that slowly
releases the chemical.
Ingesting large doses may cause nausea and vomiting, restlessness,
sweating, and muscle tremors, while very large doses may cause coma,
inability to breathe, and death. Animal studies have also shown
effects on the nervous system when animals drank water or ate food
containing dichlorvos.
Any organophosphate is an anticholinesterase agent, blocking
acetylcholine and resulting in clinical signs such as excessive
salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal
effects.
Compared to poisoning by other organophosphates, dichlorvos causes a
more rapid onset of symptoms, which is often followed by a similarly
rapid recovery. The reason for this rapid disappearance of dichlorvos
is the presence of degrading enzymes in both tissues and blood plasma.
When dichlorvos is absorbed after ingestion, it is moved rapidly to
the liver where it is rapidly detoxified.
It is not known whether dichlorvos can affect reproduction or cause
birth defects in people. Animal studies have not reported effects on
reproduction or birth defects when animals were exposed to
dichlorvos.
It is not known whether dichlorvos causes cancer in people. A study in
rats and mice reported that rats had an increase in cancer of the
pancreas and in leukemia, and female mice had an increase in stomach
cancer after they were fed dichlorvos for 2 years.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined
that dichlorvos is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Portions of this comment have been extracted from:
<http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts88.html> and
<http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/dichlorv.htm>. - Mod.TG]
[For the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map of Rustenburg, North-West in
South Africa, see <http://healthmap.org/r/1fcW>. More information on
the exact etiology of this event would be greatly appreciated. -
Mod.MPP]]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Denguefieber in Somalia
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2011 (38)
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
******
Somalia
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/765189
Dengue fever hits UPDF in Somalia
---------------------------------
A total of 122 UPDF [Uganda Peoples Defence Force] soldiers in Somalia
have been attacked by dengue fever, Parliament has heard. Health
minister Dr Christine Ondoa told MPs yesterday [16 Sep 2011] that the
ministry was working together with the UPDF health department to
control the fever in Somalia. They are also working to prevent
importation of the disease into Uganda by returning soldiers.
According to the permanent secretary of the health ministry, Dr Asuman
Lukwago, dengue fever is a viral infection and is spread by
mosquitoes. Its symptoms are nose bleeding, general body weakness, and
red eyes. The disease eventually leads to total organ failure if not
treated, he added. Lukwago said the cases have been managed in
Nairobi.
According to the World Health Organisation, the disease causes a
severe flu-like illness and sometimes a lethal complication called
dengue haemorrhagic fever. WHO disclosed that global incidence of
dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades, with about 2/5 of the
world's population at risk.
Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide,
mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. There is no specific treatment
for dengue, but appropriate medical care frequently saves lives, WHO
added. The only way to prevent transmission of dengue virus is to get
rid of the disease-carrying mosquitoes, WHO said.
[Byline: Joyce Namutebi]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-EAFR
<promed-eafr@promedmail.org>
[Uganda and Burundi are 2 of the African Union member states that have
sent troops to Mogadishu-Somalia to help restore peace and order. This
report indicates that the troops have now been infected by dengue
fever, an arboviral disease for which there is neither a cure nor a
vaccine. Although the report does not clearly indicate where the
outbreaks have occurred, it is assumed that this is in or around
Mogadishu where the African Union troops are deployed. Previous
reports of suspect dengue fever transmission in Mogadishu are traced
back to April 2005 (see ProMED posting achieve no 20050423.1139).
Dengue fever cases were reported in 1992 amongst United States marines
following "Operation Restore Hope" (Sharp et al, 1995). As highlighted
in the report, there is a risk of disease importation to Uganda and
Burundi. As peace and order has now almost returned to most of
Mogadishu after the withdrawal of Al Shabab, vector control measures
need to be initiated by the authorities to contain local transmission
of the disease. Definitive vector control measures in Mogadishu will
rely on the findings of an entomological assessment to determine the
vectors (usually_Aedes aegypti_ or_Aedes albopictus_) and hence
initiate a tailored response. To guard against importation, the troops
that are returning to their home countries, the troops may need to be
kept in a central holding place for 7-10 days on returning home as
evaluations are undertaken to determine their dengue infection and
exposure status before being allowed back into the communities.
A map showing the regions of Somalia can be accessed at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Somalia>, and the
HealthMap/ProMED interactive map of the country can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00aM>. - Mod.JFW]
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
******
Somalia
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/765189
Dengue fever hits UPDF in Somalia
---------------------------------
A total of 122 UPDF [Uganda Peoples Defence Force] soldiers in Somalia
have been attacked by dengue fever, Parliament has heard. Health
minister Dr Christine Ondoa told MPs yesterday [16 Sep 2011] that the
ministry was working together with the UPDF health department to
control the fever in Somalia. They are also working to prevent
importation of the disease into Uganda by returning soldiers.
According to the permanent secretary of the health ministry, Dr Asuman
Lukwago, dengue fever is a viral infection and is spread by
mosquitoes. Its symptoms are nose bleeding, general body weakness, and
red eyes. The disease eventually leads to total organ failure if not
treated, he added. Lukwago said the cases have been managed in
Nairobi.
According to the World Health Organisation, the disease causes a
severe flu-like illness and sometimes a lethal complication called
dengue haemorrhagic fever. WHO disclosed that global incidence of
dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades, with about 2/5 of the
world's population at risk.
Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide,
mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. There is no specific treatment
for dengue, but appropriate medical care frequently saves lives, WHO
added. The only way to prevent transmission of dengue virus is to get
rid of the disease-carrying mosquitoes, WHO said.
[Byline: Joyce Namutebi]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-EAFR
<promed-eafr@promedmail.org>
[Uganda and Burundi are 2 of the African Union member states that have
sent troops to Mogadishu-Somalia to help restore peace and order. This
report indicates that the troops have now been infected by dengue
fever, an arboviral disease for which there is neither a cure nor a
vaccine. Although the report does not clearly indicate where the
outbreaks have occurred, it is assumed that this is in or around
Mogadishu where the African Union troops are deployed. Previous
reports of suspect dengue fever transmission in Mogadishu are traced
back to April 2005 (see ProMED posting achieve no 20050423.1139).
Dengue fever cases were reported in 1992 amongst United States marines
following "Operation Restore Hope" (Sharp et al, 1995). As highlighted
in the report, there is a risk of disease importation to Uganda and
Burundi. As peace and order has now almost returned to most of
Mogadishu after the withdrawal of Al Shabab, vector control measures
need to be initiated by the authorities to contain local transmission
of the disease. Definitive vector control measures in Mogadishu will
rely on the findings of an entomological assessment to determine the
vectors (usually_Aedes aegypti_ or_Aedes albopictus_) and hence
initiate a tailored response. To guard against importation, the troops
that are returning to their home countries, the troops may need to be
kept in a central holding place for 7-10 days on returning home as
evaluations are undertaken to determine their dengue infection and
exposure status before being allowed back into the communities.
A map showing the regions of Somalia can be accessed at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Somalia>, and the
HealthMap/ProMED interactive map of the country can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00aM>. - Mod.JFW]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Cholera in Afrika
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2011 (30): AFRICA
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - West and Central Africa
[2] Cholera - Burundi
[3] Cholera - Chad
[4] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
[5] Cholera - Ghana (Western Region)
[6] Cholera - Nigeria (Osun)
[7] Cholera - Nigeria (Oyo)
[8] Cholera - Nigeria (Nasarawa)
[9] Nigeria (Bauchi, Yobe, Sokoto)
******
[1] Cholera - West and Central Africa
Date: Wed 7 Sep 2011
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
[edited]
<http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/fact ... ral-africa>
Cholera epidemics have hit tens of thousands of people and killed more
than 1400 others in 7 West and Central African countries since the
start of 2011, the UN office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs said in a report on Tue 6 Sep 2011.
The WHO says cholera is preventable and treatable and that any death
rate higher than one percent, as is the case in several countries,
denotes problems in a health system.
Following are some facts and figures on outbreaks in the region's
various countries:
Cameroon: 9 of the country's 10 provinces have reported outbreaks of
cholera, with a total of 10 582 cases and 379 deaths as of mid-August
2011.
Chad: There is a rapid spread of the disease from the west to the east
of the country with a total of 11 345 cases and 340 deaths as of the
end of August 2011.
Congo DR: A cholera epidemic that started in the east of the country
has spread along the Congo River to the west, with 5171 cases and 301
deaths as of 22 Aug 2011.
Mali: Health authorities said there have been cholera outbreaks in 3
regions of the country, leaving 880 people infected and 36 dead as of
23 Aug 2011.
Niger: There have been outbreaks in about 10 districts in the south
and southeast districts of the country, leading to 1008 people being
infected and 26 deaths as of mid-August 2011.
Nigeria: Reports say there have been cholera epidemics in 23 of the
country's 36 states, with 13 551 cases and 353 deaths as of mid-August
2011.
Republic of Congo: There have been cholera outbreaks in 4 provinces in
the country, Brazzaville, Cuvette, Likouala and Plateaux, with 341
people said to have been infected and 20 deaths.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2] Cholera - Burundi
Date: Wed 14 Sep 2011
Source: UN Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) [edited]
<http://gantdaily.com/2011/09/14/cholera ... en-people/>
Burundian health officials are battling to control a cholera outbreak
that has killed 12 people and infected 600 others since August 2011.
Although the epidemic is under control in some areas, health officials
in the capital, Bujumbura, said a new area of infection had started at
Nyanza Lac, Makamba province, where 80 new cases have been reported,
64 of whom are in hospital.
"The figure is still high at Nyanza Lac because the infection is still
new there, and contingency measures are not yet in place as in other
affected areas," said Pamphile Bukuru, an officer in charge of
information, education and communication for behaviour change in the
Ministry of Public Health.
The epidemic was reported on 5 Aug 2011 in the southern town of
Rumonge in Bururi province, a cholera-prone area where residents often
use unsafe water from Lake Tanganyika. The disease then spread rapidly
to other localities, including the capital, Bujumbura, and provinces
of Bujumbura Rural, Bubanza, Cibitoke and Makamba.
The Health Ministry declared the outbreak an epidemic on 18 Aug 2011
and mobilized its partners to put in place measures to control the
disease.
Cholera frequently breaks out in the south of the country as well as
in the capital's suburbs due to the lack of safe drinking water and
latrines. Hygiene sensitization is, therefore, a crucial component of
the strategy to control the disease outbreak.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[3] Cholera - Chad
Date: Wed 7 Sep 2011
Source: The Spec [edited]
<http://www.thespec.com/news/world/artic ... -this-year>
The Red Cross says Chad faces a cholera epidemic with 12 713 cases and
364 deaths recorded so far in 2011. The International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies says cholera has spread to 33 of
Chad's 62 districts, and the number of cases could double within a few
weeks in the fall rainy season.
The humanitarian aid group told reporters Wednesday [7 Sep 2011] in
Geneva its main concern is to prevent cholera from spreading to more
regions of the country and to stop it reaching refugee camps along the
Sudanese border. The IFRC said it is also worried about cholera
outbreaks in Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[4] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: Press TV [edited]
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail/199353.html>
Cholera has claimed 58 more lives in the Somali capital, Mogadishu,
where cases of waterborne diseases have increased due to unhygienic
living conditions, Press TV reports. The victims died within the last
24 hours in southern districts of Mogadishu, a Press TV correspondent
reported on Thu 15 Sep 2011.
More than 310 people, suffering from cholera and waterborne diseases,
also flocked hospitals in southern Mogadishu to get some medication.
This comes as doctors are already overstretched by the number of those
arriving with cholera.
Doctor Ahmed Sheikh Doon Diini, from Banadir hospital in Mogadishu,
said on 23 Aug 2011 that overcrowding at the camps has been the main
challenge to health workers. A combination of poor sanitation
conditions, scarcity of safe and clean drinking water, and
overcrowding has led to the spread of waterborne diseases in
Mogadishu.
According to the World Health Organization, some 75 percent of all
cases of highly infectious diarrhea are among children under the age
of 5.
Cholera is confirmed in Banadir, Bay, Mudug and Lower Shabelle regions
of Somalia, and the number of acute diarrhea cases has increased
dramatically in the last few months.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[5] Cholera - Ghana (Western Region)
Date: Tue 6 Sep 2011
Source: Ghana News Agency [edited]
<http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/ ... 4&ai=33195>
Four people have died as a result of a recent cholera outbreak in
Kenyanko, a community within the Tarkwa Nsueam Assembly. The deceased
ranged from 29 to 50 years old.
Mr Ebenezer Tetteh, the Municipal Disease Control Officer at the
Tarkwa Government Hospital, told the GNA that his office recorded its
1st case on 29 Aug 2011, but the victim was treated and discharged.
He said since then 35 cases have so far been recorded with 3 victims
currently on admission at the Nsueam health center. He said the
disease has since spread to other areas like Nkwanta, Agona, Pataho
and Keyankor.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[6] Cholera - Nigeria (Osun)
Date: Wed 14 Sep 2011
Source: Nigerian Tribune [edited]
<http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/com ... a-patients>
Doctors in Ede Community in Osun State, where an outbreak of cholera
has been reported, said recently that no fewer than 80 victims were
hospitalized in various hospitals in the town. The doctors made the
disclosure in separate interviews with the News Agency of Nigeria
(NAN) in Ede.
NAN reported that while most of the patients had been treated and
discharged, a handful of them were still lying ill in the hospitals
visited. Speaking with NAN, Dr Ganiyat Olatunji, of the Muslim
Hospital, Ede, called on residents to take health issues seriously by
drinking safe water and to live in clean environments. Olatunji, whose
hospital admitted scores of cholera victims in August 2011, said that
more than 40 patients had been treated so far.
Also speaking with NAN, Dr Akeem Bello, a Director of Prime Maternity
Home, said the hospital had treated 10 patients, while Dr Peter
Adebayo of Ronbay Hospital said he had treated 25 patients.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[7] Cholera - Nigeria (Oyo)
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: Nigerian Tribune [edited]
<http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/new ... onths-govt>
The government of Oyo State has disclosed that a total of 947
suspected cases of cholera have been recorded in the state between
June and September of 2011. The government also said it had contained
the outbreak of the epidemic, with curative and preventive measures
put in place to ensure that the people of the state remained healthy.
Dr Lateef Olopoenia, the state Commissioner for Health, said out of
about 30 deaths said to have occurred from the suspected cases, only
11 had been clinically confirmed to be related to cholera, adding that
it was not in every instance of reported vomiting and diarrhea that
cholera had occurred.
The commissioner gave a breakdown of the figure to include 359
suspected cases in Saki West Local Government Area; 280 in all the 11
local government areas in Ibadan; 252 in Irepodun council; 17 in
Ibarapa and the remaining in other zones of the state.
[Byline: Dare Adekanmbi]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[8] Cholera - Nigeria (Nasarawa)
Date: Mon 29 Aug 2011
Source: The Nation [edited]
<http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/i ... arawa.html>
11 persons were yesterday [28 Sep 2011] killed in an outbreak of
cholera in 2 local government areas of Nasarawa State. Seven persons
were said to have died in Lafia Local Government and 4 in Karu Local
Government, near the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
The Chief Community Health Officer of the Primary Health Care (PHC)
Clinic, Mana, near the Emir's palace in Lafia, Mrs Aishatu Yahaya,
said the 1st case was recorded in June 2011. She said many reported
cases came from Makama and Ciroma wards, and a few others from Gayam
ward, all in Lafia.
It was learned that between June 2011 and 28 Aug 2011, 189 cases had
been reported.
[Byline: Johnny Danjuma]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[9] Nigeria (Bauchi, Yobe, Sokoto)
Date: Tue 6 Sep 2011
Source: Agence France-Presse (AFP) [edited]
<http://www.starafrica.com/en/news/detai ... 88103.html>
A fresh cholera outbreak has killed 18 people in northern Nigeria's
Bauchi state in the past week, officials said Tue 6 Sep 2011, in the
latest epidemic to ravage the region during the rainy season. They
said infections spread across 4 districts of the state, with the
worst-hit being Warju council area, which recorded 10 deaths.
"We have recorded 10 deaths from the cholera outbreak, while another
30 people have been hospitalized in the past week," Adamu Yahaya, head
of Warju local government area of the state, told AFP. State health
commissioner Sani Malami said 8 other people had died in 3 other
districts.
Some 35 people have died from cholera in northern Yobe and Sokoto
states in the past 2 weeks, while dozens of others have been
hospitalized.
Cholera outbreaks occur regularly during the rainy season in Nigeria,
when downpours wash contaminants into wells used by families. The
rainy season typically runs from April to September.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The rainy season in West and Central Africa is contributing to the
upswing in cholera cases, while the drought in Somalia is doing
similarly. Although epidemic disease due to _V. cholerae_ was
originally called Asiatic cholera, a great majority of the cases
occurring yearly are now in Africa. - Mod.LL]
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1] Cholera - West and Central Africa
[2] Cholera - Burundi
[3] Cholera - Chad
[4] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
[5] Cholera - Ghana (Western Region)
[6] Cholera - Nigeria (Osun)
[7] Cholera - Nigeria (Oyo)
[8] Cholera - Nigeria (Nasarawa)
[9] Nigeria (Bauchi, Yobe, Sokoto)
******
[1] Cholera - West and Central Africa
Date: Wed 7 Sep 2011
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
[edited]
<http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/fact ... ral-africa>
Cholera epidemics have hit tens of thousands of people and killed more
than 1400 others in 7 West and Central African countries since the
start of 2011, the UN office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs said in a report on Tue 6 Sep 2011.
The WHO says cholera is preventable and treatable and that any death
rate higher than one percent, as is the case in several countries,
denotes problems in a health system.
Following are some facts and figures on outbreaks in the region's
various countries:
Cameroon: 9 of the country's 10 provinces have reported outbreaks of
cholera, with a total of 10 582 cases and 379 deaths as of mid-August
2011.
Chad: There is a rapid spread of the disease from the west to the east
of the country with a total of 11 345 cases and 340 deaths as of the
end of August 2011.
Congo DR: A cholera epidemic that started in the east of the country
has spread along the Congo River to the west, with 5171 cases and 301
deaths as of 22 Aug 2011.
Mali: Health authorities said there have been cholera outbreaks in 3
regions of the country, leaving 880 people infected and 36 dead as of
23 Aug 2011.
Niger: There have been outbreaks in about 10 districts in the south
and southeast districts of the country, leading to 1008 people being
infected and 26 deaths as of mid-August 2011.
Nigeria: Reports say there have been cholera epidemics in 23 of the
country's 36 states, with 13 551 cases and 353 deaths as of mid-August
2011.
Republic of Congo: There have been cholera outbreaks in 4 provinces in
the country, Brazzaville, Cuvette, Likouala and Plateaux, with 341
people said to have been infected and 20 deaths.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2] Cholera - Burundi
Date: Wed 14 Sep 2011
Source: UN Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) [edited]
<http://gantdaily.com/2011/09/14/cholera ... en-people/>
Burundian health officials are battling to control a cholera outbreak
that has killed 12 people and infected 600 others since August 2011.
Although the epidemic is under control in some areas, health officials
in the capital, Bujumbura, said a new area of infection had started at
Nyanza Lac, Makamba province, where 80 new cases have been reported,
64 of whom are in hospital.
"The figure is still high at Nyanza Lac because the infection is still
new there, and contingency measures are not yet in place as in other
affected areas," said Pamphile Bukuru, an officer in charge of
information, education and communication for behaviour change in the
Ministry of Public Health.
The epidemic was reported on 5 Aug 2011 in the southern town of
Rumonge in Bururi province, a cholera-prone area where residents often
use unsafe water from Lake Tanganyika. The disease then spread rapidly
to other localities, including the capital, Bujumbura, and provinces
of Bujumbura Rural, Bubanza, Cibitoke and Makamba.
The Health Ministry declared the outbreak an epidemic on 18 Aug 2011
and mobilized its partners to put in place measures to control the
disease.
Cholera frequently breaks out in the south of the country as well as
in the capital's suburbs due to the lack of safe drinking water and
latrines. Hygiene sensitization is, therefore, a crucial component of
the strategy to control the disease outbreak.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[3] Cholera - Chad
Date: Wed 7 Sep 2011
Source: The Spec [edited]
<http://www.thespec.com/news/world/artic ... -this-year>
The Red Cross says Chad faces a cholera epidemic with 12 713 cases and
364 deaths recorded so far in 2011. The International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies says cholera has spread to 33 of
Chad's 62 districts, and the number of cases could double within a few
weeks in the fall rainy season.
The humanitarian aid group told reporters Wednesday [7 Sep 2011] in
Geneva its main concern is to prevent cholera from spreading to more
regions of the country and to stop it reaching refugee camps along the
Sudanese border. The IFRC said it is also worried about cholera
outbreaks in Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[4] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: Press TV [edited]
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail/199353.html>
Cholera has claimed 58 more lives in the Somali capital, Mogadishu,
where cases of waterborne diseases have increased due to unhygienic
living conditions, Press TV reports. The victims died within the last
24 hours in southern districts of Mogadishu, a Press TV correspondent
reported on Thu 15 Sep 2011.
More than 310 people, suffering from cholera and waterborne diseases,
also flocked hospitals in southern Mogadishu to get some medication.
This comes as doctors are already overstretched by the number of those
arriving with cholera.
Doctor Ahmed Sheikh Doon Diini, from Banadir hospital in Mogadishu,
said on 23 Aug 2011 that overcrowding at the camps has been the main
challenge to health workers. A combination of poor sanitation
conditions, scarcity of safe and clean drinking water, and
overcrowding has led to the spread of waterborne diseases in
Mogadishu.
According to the World Health Organization, some 75 percent of all
cases of highly infectious diarrhea are among children under the age
of 5.
Cholera is confirmed in Banadir, Bay, Mudug and Lower Shabelle regions
of Somalia, and the number of acute diarrhea cases has increased
dramatically in the last few months.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[5] Cholera - Ghana (Western Region)
Date: Tue 6 Sep 2011
Source: Ghana News Agency [edited]
<http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/ ... 4&ai=33195>
Four people have died as a result of a recent cholera outbreak in
Kenyanko, a community within the Tarkwa Nsueam Assembly. The deceased
ranged from 29 to 50 years old.
Mr Ebenezer Tetteh, the Municipal Disease Control Officer at the
Tarkwa Government Hospital, told the GNA that his office recorded its
1st case on 29 Aug 2011, but the victim was treated and discharged.
He said since then 35 cases have so far been recorded with 3 victims
currently on admission at the Nsueam health center. He said the
disease has since spread to other areas like Nkwanta, Agona, Pataho
and Keyankor.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[6] Cholera - Nigeria (Osun)
Date: Wed 14 Sep 2011
Source: Nigerian Tribune [edited]
<http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/com ... a-patients>
Doctors in Ede Community in Osun State, where an outbreak of cholera
has been reported, said recently that no fewer than 80 victims were
hospitalized in various hospitals in the town. The doctors made the
disclosure in separate interviews with the News Agency of Nigeria
(NAN) in Ede.
NAN reported that while most of the patients had been treated and
discharged, a handful of them were still lying ill in the hospitals
visited. Speaking with NAN, Dr Ganiyat Olatunji, of the Muslim
Hospital, Ede, called on residents to take health issues seriously by
drinking safe water and to live in clean environments. Olatunji, whose
hospital admitted scores of cholera victims in August 2011, said that
more than 40 patients had been treated so far.
Also speaking with NAN, Dr Akeem Bello, a Director of Prime Maternity
Home, said the hospital had treated 10 patients, while Dr Peter
Adebayo of Ronbay Hospital said he had treated 25 patients.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[7] Cholera - Nigeria (Oyo)
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: Nigerian Tribune [edited]
<http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/new ... onths-govt>
The government of Oyo State has disclosed that a total of 947
suspected cases of cholera have been recorded in the state between
June and September of 2011. The government also said it had contained
the outbreak of the epidemic, with curative and preventive measures
put in place to ensure that the people of the state remained healthy.
Dr Lateef Olopoenia, the state Commissioner for Health, said out of
about 30 deaths said to have occurred from the suspected cases, only
11 had been clinically confirmed to be related to cholera, adding that
it was not in every instance of reported vomiting and diarrhea that
cholera had occurred.
The commissioner gave a breakdown of the figure to include 359
suspected cases in Saki West Local Government Area; 280 in all the 11
local government areas in Ibadan; 252 in Irepodun council; 17 in
Ibarapa and the remaining in other zones of the state.
[Byline: Dare Adekanmbi]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[8] Cholera - Nigeria (Nasarawa)
Date: Mon 29 Aug 2011
Source: The Nation [edited]
<http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/i ... arawa.html>
11 persons were yesterday [28 Sep 2011] killed in an outbreak of
cholera in 2 local government areas of Nasarawa State. Seven persons
were said to have died in Lafia Local Government and 4 in Karu Local
Government, near the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
The Chief Community Health Officer of the Primary Health Care (PHC)
Clinic, Mana, near the Emir's palace in Lafia, Mrs Aishatu Yahaya,
said the 1st case was recorded in June 2011. She said many reported
cases came from Makama and Ciroma wards, and a few others from Gayam
ward, all in Lafia.
It was learned that between June 2011 and 28 Aug 2011, 189 cases had
been reported.
[Byline: Johnny Danjuma]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[9] Nigeria (Bauchi, Yobe, Sokoto)
Date: Tue 6 Sep 2011
Source: Agence France-Presse (AFP) [edited]
<http://www.starafrica.com/en/news/detai ... 88103.html>
A fresh cholera outbreak has killed 18 people in northern Nigeria's
Bauchi state in the past week, officials said Tue 6 Sep 2011, in the
latest epidemic to ravage the region during the rainy season. They
said infections spread across 4 districts of the state, with the
worst-hit being Warju council area, which recorded 10 deaths.
"We have recorded 10 deaths from the cholera outbreak, while another
30 people have been hospitalized in the past week," Adamu Yahaya, head
of Warju local government area of the state, told AFP. State health
commissioner Sani Malami said 8 other people had died in 3 other
districts.
Some 35 people have died from cholera in northern Yobe and Sokoto
states in the past 2 weeks, while dozens of others have been
hospitalized.
Cholera outbreaks occur regularly during the rainy season in Nigeria,
when downpours wash contaminants into wells used by families. The
rainy season typically runs from April to September.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The rainy season in West and Central Africa is contributing to the
upswing in cholera cases, while the drought in Somalia is doing
similarly. Although epidemic disease due to _V. cholerae_ was
originally called Asiatic cholera, a great majority of the cases
occurring yearly are now in Africa. - Mod.LL]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Darminfektionen in der Republik Kongo, Mali und Nigeria
Kongo, Republik - Darminfektionen
22.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit; mit lokalen Cholera- Ausbrüchen ist landesweit zu rechnen. Der aktuelle Cholera-Ausbruch aus dem Nachbarland DR Kongo breitet sich entlang des Kongo Flusses aus. Bis Ende August sind 341 Erkrankungen aufgetreten mit 20 Todesfällen. Hygiene beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Mali - Darminfektionen
22.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. In den ersten 8 Monaten des Jahres gab es bereits über 880 Cholera-Erkrankungen mit 36 Todesfällen. Sowohl 2009 als auch 2010 wurden je drei Polio-Fälle gemeldet. In diesem Jahr gab es bis Ende August 6 Fälle. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio) weiterhin beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Nigeria - Darminfektionen
22.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Cholera-Ausbrüche gab es in diesem Jahr bereits aus mehreren Regionen des Landes, Mitte August waren v.a. die Regionen Osun und Oyo (W), Sokoto (NW), Nassarawa (zentral) und Yobe (NO) betroffen. In den ersten 8 Monaten sind landesweit über 13.500 Fälle aufgetreten, 353 Erkrankte sind gestorben. Bis Ende August wurden 26 Polio-Fälle gemeldet. 2010 waren es 21 registrierte Erkrankungen, 2009 388. Hygiene beachten, Impfung ist zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
Gruß
Birgitt
22.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit; mit lokalen Cholera- Ausbrüchen ist landesweit zu rechnen. Der aktuelle Cholera-Ausbruch aus dem Nachbarland DR Kongo breitet sich entlang des Kongo Flusses aus. Bis Ende August sind 341 Erkrankungen aufgetreten mit 20 Todesfällen. Hygiene beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Mali - Darminfektionen
22.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. In den ersten 8 Monaten des Jahres gab es bereits über 880 Cholera-Erkrankungen mit 36 Todesfällen. Sowohl 2009 als auch 2010 wurden je drei Polio-Fälle gemeldet. In diesem Jahr gab es bis Ende August 6 Fälle. Hygiene und Impfschutz (Polio) weiterhin beachten. / Quelle: crm
_________________________
Nigeria - Darminfektionen
22.09.2011
Risiko für Durchfallerkrankungen landesweit. Cholera-Ausbrüche gab es in diesem Jahr bereits aus mehreren Regionen des Landes, Mitte August waren v.a. die Regionen Osun und Oyo (W), Sokoto (NW), Nassarawa (zentral) und Yobe (NO) betroffen. In den ersten 8 Monaten sind landesweit über 13.500 Fälle aufgetreten, 353 Erkrankte sind gestorben. Bis Ende August wurden 26 Polio-Fälle gemeldet. 2010 waren es 21 registrierte Erkrankungen, 2009 388. Hygiene beachten, Impfung ist zu empfehlen. / Quelle: crm
Gruß
Birgitt
-
Alexander
- Administrator
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- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Dengue-Fieber
Quelle: IRINIRIN hat geschrieben:Dengue fever outbreak in Kenya
NAIROBI, 28 September 2011 (IRIN) - An outbreak of dengue fever in the northeastern Kenyan town of Mandera, close to the Somalia and Ethiopia borders, has affected more than 1,000 people, with four unconfirmed deaths, according to the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation and the World Health Organization (WHO).
According to WHO, "Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness, and sometimes a potentially lethal complication called dengue haemorrhagic fever."
The “attack rate is very high but mortality is very low", the ministry said in a statement. A permanent river, Dawa, passes through Mandera. Health officials said residents had been complaining of mosquito bites during the day with the bites swelling. "Using bed nets was impractical as the vector was biting during the day," the ministry said. "The Public Health office has also noted the resistance developed by the vector to insecticides of different varieties (Icon and Deltamethrin mainly)."
Health authorities have alerted all neighbouring districts and public awareness campaigns are ongoing, advising residents to seek early medical attention.
Grüsse
Alexander
The one who follows the crowd will usually go no further than the crowd. Those who walk alone are likely to find themselves in places no one has ever been before.
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- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Gelbfieber in Sudan und Uganda ex Südsudan
YELLOW FEVER - AFRICA (19): UGANDA ex SOUTHERN SUDAN, SUDAN
***********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this report:
[1] Uganda ex Southern Sudan
[2] Sudan (North Darfur)
******
[1] Uganda ex Southern Sudan
Date: Mon 26 Sep 2011
Source: Afriquinfos [in French, trans. Corr.SB, summ. & edited]
<http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/201 ... 187567.asp
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Uganda Minister for Health
confirmed the outbreak of a yellow fever [YF] epidemic in northern
Uganda. Minister of State for Health, reached by telephone by Xinhua
on Sunday [25 Sep 2011], said that steps would be taken to prevent the
spread of the disease.
Emmanuel Tenywa, the WHO official, told Xinhua by phone that it was an
imported case from [the Republic of] Southern Sudan, discovered in
Palabek, Kitgum district [Uganda].
A Ugandan affected by yellow fever came from the city of Torit, the
capital of the state of Eastern Equatoria [Republic of Southern
Sudan]. "He had not been immunized and contracted the disease in the
[Republic of] Southern Sudan. All cases of yellow fever have to be
well examined," said Tenywa, recalling a campaign of mass vaccination
against yellow fever in Kitgum in January 2011.
According to WHO, there are about 200 000 cases of yellow fever each
year, with 30 000 deaths.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[It will be important to have this case, and those in the following
report, confirmed in the laboratory, since there are other causes of
hepatitis. It would also be important to know whether there are YF
virus mosquito vectors in the area where the patient came from in
Southern Sudan and where he was subsequently diagnosed in Uganda.
Surveillance for YF virus infections is essential in both areas.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of
Eastern Ecuatoria in Southern Sudan can be accessed at
<http://southernsudan.prm.ox.ac.uk/sudan_map.php>. - Mod.TY]
******
[2] Sudan
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: All Africa [summ. & edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201109160469.html
Residents of Zamzam and Abushok refugee camps in North Darfur
complained on Thursday [15 Sep 2011] of the prevalence of yellow
fever. Diseases are prevalent, especially among young children. One of
the refugees from Zamzam camp told Radio Dabanga that yellow fever had
spread steadily among the refugees in the past few days.
Dr Shafi Abdalhaf, of the epidemiology department in the El Fasher
hospital, acknowledged the rise in patients suffering from yellow
fever and diarrhea in the North Darfur camps mentioned above. However,
he stressed that there were only 4 registered cases of yellow fever in
the Zamzam camp.
"I have been sending blood samples of these patients to make sure of
what the disease is. The next step is to send a medical team to the
camp to verify the disease," Dr Shafi said. He also reported that
there would be further tests done by the medical team to check on the
extent of the spread of the disease.
The residents of Zamzam camp attributed the poor health in the camp to
deteriorating living conditions and lack of drinking water in the
camp. The refugees pleaded with the authorities to increase security
for the organizations that work in the area of water and sanitation.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[This report is nearly 2 weeks old. There have been no further reports
since 15 Sep 2011, suggesting that either there are no further YF
cases or very few, or that the YF diagnosis is not correct. ProMED
would appreciate receiving further reports, especially laboratory
confirmation (or not), as new information becomes available.
The Zamzam Refugee Camp in Darfur is one of the world's largest with
over 200 000 residents. Occurrence of YF in a camp like this one is
cause for significant concern. As for likely vectors, in ProMED-mail
archive no. 20051223.3665, Dr. Alan Kemp wrote about YF virus vectors
in Sudan: "_Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti_ played a minor role in the 1940
outbreak, while _Aedes (Fredwardsius) vittatus_ and _Aedes
(Diceromyia) furcifer/taylori_ (may have included _Ae. (Dic.)
cordellieri_, which was described long afterwards) were believed to be
responsible for most of the transmissions. It is likely that water is
being stored in multiple places, providing potential breeding sites
for _Aedes_ mosquitoes. It is also likely that many of the camp
residents are not vaccinated against YF virus. A YF outbreak could
exacerbate an already tragic situation.
A map showing the location of Northern Darfur can be accessed at
<http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/18042>. - Mod.TY]
***********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this report:
[1] Uganda ex Southern Sudan
[2] Sudan (North Darfur)
******
[1] Uganda ex Southern Sudan
Date: Mon 26 Sep 2011
Source: Afriquinfos [in French, trans. Corr.SB, summ. & edited]
<http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/201 ... 187567.asp
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Uganda Minister for Health
confirmed the outbreak of a yellow fever [YF] epidemic in northern
Uganda. Minister of State for Health, reached by telephone by Xinhua
on Sunday [25 Sep 2011], said that steps would be taken to prevent the
spread of the disease.
Emmanuel Tenywa, the WHO official, told Xinhua by phone that it was an
imported case from [the Republic of] Southern Sudan, discovered in
Palabek, Kitgum district [Uganda].
A Ugandan affected by yellow fever came from the city of Torit, the
capital of the state of Eastern Equatoria [Republic of Southern
Sudan]. "He had not been immunized and contracted the disease in the
[Republic of] Southern Sudan. All cases of yellow fever have to be
well examined," said Tenywa, recalling a campaign of mass vaccination
against yellow fever in Kitgum in January 2011.
According to WHO, there are about 200 000 cases of yellow fever each
year, with 30 000 deaths.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[It will be important to have this case, and those in the following
report, confirmed in the laboratory, since there are other causes of
hepatitis. It would also be important to know whether there are YF
virus mosquito vectors in the area where the patient came from in
Southern Sudan and where he was subsequently diagnosed in Uganda.
Surveillance for YF virus infections is essential in both areas.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of
Eastern Ecuatoria in Southern Sudan can be accessed at
<http://southernsudan.prm.ox.ac.uk/sudan_map.php>. - Mod.TY]
******
[2] Sudan
Date: Thu 15 Sep 2011
Source: All Africa [summ. & edited]
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201109160469.html
Residents of Zamzam and Abushok refugee camps in North Darfur
complained on Thursday [15 Sep 2011] of the prevalence of yellow
fever. Diseases are prevalent, especially among young children. One of
the refugees from Zamzam camp told Radio Dabanga that yellow fever had
spread steadily among the refugees in the past few days.
Dr Shafi Abdalhaf, of the epidemiology department in the El Fasher
hospital, acknowledged the rise in patients suffering from yellow
fever and diarrhea in the North Darfur camps mentioned above. However,
he stressed that there were only 4 registered cases of yellow fever in
the Zamzam camp.
"I have been sending blood samples of these patients to make sure of
what the disease is. The next step is to send a medical team to the
camp to verify the disease," Dr Shafi said. He also reported that
there would be further tests done by the medical team to check on the
extent of the spread of the disease.
The residents of Zamzam camp attributed the poor health in the camp to
deteriorating living conditions and lack of drinking water in the
camp. The refugees pleaded with the authorities to increase security
for the organizations that work in the area of water and sanitation.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[This report is nearly 2 weeks old. There have been no further reports
since 15 Sep 2011, suggesting that either there are no further YF
cases or very few, or that the YF diagnosis is not correct. ProMED
would appreciate receiving further reports, especially laboratory
confirmation (or not), as new information becomes available.
The Zamzam Refugee Camp in Darfur is one of the world's largest with
over 200 000 residents. Occurrence of YF in a camp like this one is
cause for significant concern. As for likely vectors, in ProMED-mail
archive no. 20051223.3665, Dr. Alan Kemp wrote about YF virus vectors
in Sudan: "_Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti_ played a minor role in the 1940
outbreak, while _Aedes (Fredwardsius) vittatus_ and _Aedes
(Diceromyia) furcifer/taylori_ (may have included _Ae. (Dic.)
cordellieri_, which was described long afterwards) were believed to be
responsible for most of the transmissions. It is likely that water is
being stored in multiple places, providing potential breeding sites
for _Aedes_ mosquitoes. It is also likely that many of the camp
residents are not vaccinated against YF virus. A YF outbreak could
exacerbate an already tragic situation.
A map showing the location of Northern Darfur can be accessed at
<http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/18042>. - Mod.TY]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Mysteriöses hämorrhagisches Fieber in Namibia
UNDIAGNOSED HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE - NAMIBIA: (WINDHOEK) REQUEST FOR
INFORMATION
*****************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 29 Sep 2011
Source: New Era [edited]
<http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40894>
Mysterious disease kills 4
--------------------------
Four Hakahana residents died from a mysterious illness that caused a
strange rash and caused hemorrhaging through the nose, eyes, and other
body openings. 3 died over the past 3 days while 2 shack dwellers are
fighting for their lives in a city hospital and several others have
been discharged from hospital. One died last week [week of 19 Sep
2011].
The strange disease that causes its victims to bleed and pass
excessive blood in their urine and fecal matter has left doctors at
Katutura State Hospital baffled. Medical authorities are also trying
to find the source of the swiftly-killing disease that has struck
terror at Hakahana.
Among those who died in the last 3 days are one man, one woman, and a
child. When New Era visited the bereaved families yesterday [28 Sep
2011] together with the Moses Garoeb Constituency councillor, Martin
David, the families of the deceased were still in shock at the sudden
death of their beloved ones.
[A man] said his shebeen [bar] attendant went to see him before her
demise complaining of a splitting headache and he told her to go to
hospital. "After she went to the hospital she started to develop red
pimples on the whole body, the same afternoon she started vomiting
blood, bleeding through the anus," he said. She started complaining
last Thursday evening [22 Sep 2011] and went to Katutura hospital on
Friday but was sent back home as nurses said she was in a stable
condition. But on Sunday [25 Sep 2011] at around 11 pm her relatives
called him saying she was critical and she died upon arrival at
Katutura State Hospital where she had been admitted. According to a
family member of the deceased, the woman died on Monday [26 Sep 2011],
and they are still shocked by the death because they had not
experienced a disease with such symptoms before.
New Era has learnt that another of the victims also died yesterday
[Wed 28 Sep 2011] after displaying similar symptoms. The victim was
also a resident of Hakahana. The residents said they now live in fear
because they do not know what exactly is causing the sudden deaths.
Councillor David has his own theories about the deaths saying it could
be that the victims ate poisoned food scavenged from one of the
dumpsites. A mourner at one of the funerals said: "We are still
waiting from the doctors to identify the cause of the deaths but for
now we are very scared." Residents appealed to the Ministry of Health
and Social Services to urgently investigate the disease and inform the
public on how to prevent it so that they could take precautionary
measures. "The ministry must investigate so that they can introduce
campaigns of injecting or whatever they can do for us to prevent this
serious outbreak. People are dying in a short period," said one
resident.
Another child died last week [week of 19 Sep 2011] in the same
neighbourhood when he started passing blood-tainted urine and his
mother took him to hospital, bringing to 4 the number of victims. 2
people who are hospitalised are also bleeding from the eyes and
urinating blood and have symptoms similar to those who died.
Approached for comment, the permanent secretary in the Ministry of
Health and Social Services, Kahijoro Kahuure, said he had not been
informed about the illness.
[Byline: Loide Jason, Fifi Rhodes]
--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
for FluTrackers.com
<ronankelly@comcast.net>
[Hakahana is a suburb of Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. The
township is situated in the north of the town. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Namibia, showing the location
of Windhoek, can be accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/1i9l>.
The undiagnosed fatal hemorrhagic disease, which has caused the death
of 4 people in a suburb of Windhoek, has some features characteristic
of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF, such as for example Lassa fever).
Viruses causing hemorrhagic fever are initially transmitted to humans
when the activities of infected reservoir hosts or vectors and humans
overlap. The viruses carried in rodent reservoirs are transmitted when
humans have contact with urine, fecal matter, saliva, or other body
excretions from infected rodents. The viruses associated with
arthropod vectors are spread most often when the vector mosquito or
tick bites a human, or when a human crushes a tick. However, some of
these vectors may spread virus to animals, livestock, for example.
Humans then become infected when they care for or slaughter the
animals.
Specific signs and symptoms vary by the type of VHF, but initial signs
and symptoms often include marked fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle
aches, loss of strength, and exhaustion. Patients with severe cases of
VHF often show signs of bleeding under the skin, in internal organs,
or from body orifices like the mouth, eyes, or ears. However, although
they may bleed from many sites around the body, patients rarely die
because of blood loss. Severely ill patient cases may also show shock,
nervous system malfunction, coma, delirium, and seizures. Some types
of viral hemorrhagic fever are associated with renal failure.
Although Rift Valley Fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever have
been reported in Namibia in recent times, the cases described above
appear to be sporadic rather than clustered. Furthermore there is no
indication of nosocomial transmission of the condition. It is possible
that the victims may have been exposed to some environmental toxin,
which seems to be the local opinion. Further information would be
welcomed. - Mod.CP]
INFORMATION
*****************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 29 Sep 2011
Source: New Era [edited]
<http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=40894>
Mysterious disease kills 4
--------------------------
Four Hakahana residents died from a mysterious illness that caused a
strange rash and caused hemorrhaging through the nose, eyes, and other
body openings. 3 died over the past 3 days while 2 shack dwellers are
fighting for their lives in a city hospital and several others have
been discharged from hospital. One died last week [week of 19 Sep
2011].
The strange disease that causes its victims to bleed and pass
excessive blood in their urine and fecal matter has left doctors at
Katutura State Hospital baffled. Medical authorities are also trying
to find the source of the swiftly-killing disease that has struck
terror at Hakahana.
Among those who died in the last 3 days are one man, one woman, and a
child. When New Era visited the bereaved families yesterday [28 Sep
2011] together with the Moses Garoeb Constituency councillor, Martin
David, the families of the deceased were still in shock at the sudden
death of their beloved ones.
[A man] said his shebeen [bar] attendant went to see him before her
demise complaining of a splitting headache and he told her to go to
hospital. "After she went to the hospital she started to develop red
pimples on the whole body, the same afternoon she started vomiting
blood, bleeding through the anus," he said. She started complaining
last Thursday evening [22 Sep 2011] and went to Katutura hospital on
Friday but was sent back home as nurses said she was in a stable
condition. But on Sunday [25 Sep 2011] at around 11 pm her relatives
called him saying she was critical and she died upon arrival at
Katutura State Hospital where she had been admitted. According to a
family member of the deceased, the woman died on Monday [26 Sep 2011],
and they are still shocked by the death because they had not
experienced a disease with such symptoms before.
New Era has learnt that another of the victims also died yesterday
[Wed 28 Sep 2011] after displaying similar symptoms. The victim was
also a resident of Hakahana. The residents said they now live in fear
because they do not know what exactly is causing the sudden deaths.
Councillor David has his own theories about the deaths saying it could
be that the victims ate poisoned food scavenged from one of the
dumpsites. A mourner at one of the funerals said: "We are still
waiting from the doctors to identify the cause of the deaths but for
now we are very scared." Residents appealed to the Ministry of Health
and Social Services to urgently investigate the disease and inform the
public on how to prevent it so that they could take precautionary
measures. "The ministry must investigate so that they can introduce
campaigns of injecting or whatever they can do for us to prevent this
serious outbreak. People are dying in a short period," said one
resident.
Another child died last week [week of 19 Sep 2011] in the same
neighbourhood when he started passing blood-tainted urine and his
mother took him to hospital, bringing to 4 the number of victims. 2
people who are hospitalised are also bleeding from the eyes and
urinating blood and have symptoms similar to those who died.
Approached for comment, the permanent secretary in the Ministry of
Health and Social Services, Kahijoro Kahuure, said he had not been
informed about the illness.
[Byline: Loide Jason, Fifi Rhodes]
--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
for FluTrackers.com
<ronankelly@comcast.net>
[Hakahana is a suburb of Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. The
township is situated in the north of the town. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Namibia, showing the location
of Windhoek, can be accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/1i9l>.
The undiagnosed fatal hemorrhagic disease, which has caused the death
of 4 people in a suburb of Windhoek, has some features characteristic
of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF, such as for example Lassa fever).
Viruses causing hemorrhagic fever are initially transmitted to humans
when the activities of infected reservoir hosts or vectors and humans
overlap. The viruses carried in rodent reservoirs are transmitted when
humans have contact with urine, fecal matter, saliva, or other body
excretions from infected rodents. The viruses associated with
arthropod vectors are spread most often when the vector mosquito or
tick bites a human, or when a human crushes a tick. However, some of
these vectors may spread virus to animals, livestock, for example.
Humans then become infected when they care for or slaughter the
animals.
Specific signs and symptoms vary by the type of VHF, but initial signs
and symptoms often include marked fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle
aches, loss of strength, and exhaustion. Patients with severe cases of
VHF often show signs of bleeding under the skin, in internal organs,
or from body orifices like the mouth, eyes, or ears. However, although
they may bleed from many sites around the body, patients rarely die
because of blood loss. Severely ill patient cases may also show shock,
nervous system malfunction, coma, delirium, and seizures. Some types
of viral hemorrhagic fever are associated with renal failure.
Although Rift Valley Fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever have
been reported in Namibia in recent times, the cases described above
appear to be sporadic rather than clustered. Furthermore there is no
indication of nosocomial transmission of the condition. It is possible
that the victims may have been exposed to some environmental toxin,
which seems to be the local opinion. Further information would be
welcomed. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Cholera in Afrika
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2011 (33): AFRICA
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
[1] Cholera - Central African Republic
[2] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
[3] Cholera - Ethiopia (Somali Regional State)
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Kebbi)
******
[1] Cholera - Central African Republic
Date: Sat 1 Oct 2011
Source: France 24, Agence France-Presse (AFP) report [edited]
<http://www.france24.com/en/20111001-cho ... c-minister>
A new cholera epidemic has hit the Central African Republic and has
already claimed at least 10 victims in the south, health minister
Jean-Michel Mandaba said Fri 30 Sep 2011. His comments came the day
after a health services source sounded the alarm that cholera had
killed 6 people in the Limbo region, 20 kilometers (12 miles) from the
capital Bangui.
"The government of the Central African Republic would like to
officially declare that there is a cholera epidemic in the (southern)
health zones of Ombella-Mpoko and Lobaye, leaving at least 10 people
dead," Mandaba said. The minister called for calm and urged the local
population to go about their usual business while "scrupulously
respecting basic hygiene and cleansing measures."
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of the Central African Republic can be seen at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/c ... _pol01.jpg> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1iZ4>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
******
[2] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
Date: Sat 1 Oct 2011
Source: Press TV [edited]
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail/202244.html>
Cholera has killed 50 more children in the Somali capital Mogadishu,
where cases of waterborne diseases have increased due to unhygienic
living conditions, Press TV reports. Doctor Ali Hashi Yusuf told the
Press TV correspondent in Mogadishu that the victims died on Saturday
evening, 1 Oct 2011 in Mogadishu's southern districts of Hawlwadig and
Hodan.
More than 330 people suffering from cholera and waterborne diseases
also flocked hospitals in southern Mogadishu to get medication. A
combination of poor sanitation conditions, scarcity of safe and clean
drinking water, and overcrowding has led to the spread of waterborne
diseases in Mogadishu.
According to the World Health Organization, 75 percent of all cases of
highly infectious diarrhea in Somalia are among children under the age
of 5.
Cholera is confirmed in the Banadir, Bay, Mudug, and Lower Shabelle
regions of Somalia, and the number of acute diarrhea cases has
increased dramatically over the past few months.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of Somalia can be seen at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... omalia.pdf> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1gIF>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
******
[3] Ethiopia (Somali Regional State)
Date: Fri 30 Sep 2011
Source: Ogaden Online [edited]
<http://www.ogaden.com/hornnews/ogaden/1 ... ahare.html>
Reports reaching Ogaden Online service desk from the town of
Qabridahare [Kebri Dahar, Somali Regional State] confirm the outbreak
of cholera in the area. Many people have died as a result of this
outbreak of cholera. The signs of cholera were evident in the city for
the past couple of days, however locals, due to their limited health
knowledge and lack of presence of medical personnel in the city,
thought the symptoms were not cholera.
It is reported that civilians numbering between 10 and 15 have so far
died due to the cholera outbreak. There are hundreds of civilians
still down with early signs of cholera. So far there are no reports of
aid either from the Ethiopian government or military stationed in and
around the city.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of Ethiopia can be seen at
<http://www.weltkarte.com/typo3temp/pics/e4ef760cae.jpg> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1iZ6>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
******
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Kebbi)
Date: Sat 24 Sep 2011
Source: Heal Blog [edited]
<http://www.healblog.net/health-news/cho ... e-victims/>
Cholera claimed another 6 lives in northern Nigeria, after killing 200
people in the past few months. Health commissioner Shehu Sambawa
announced that 6 deaths from cholera in Koko [Kebbi state] in the past
2 weeks that infected 182 people.
Local media reports 234 deaths occurred in 15 Nigerian states in 2011.
Rainy seasons are generally responsible for the occurrence of the
disease in Nigeria. The country's senate started an investigation to
determine what causes the repeated outbreaks of cholera.
[Byline: Cristina Cusoveanu]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of Nigeria can be seen at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1iZ7>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
[Cholera continues to spread in Africa in areas of flooding and in
areas of drought with the common thread being the absence of clean
water. - Mod.LL]
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
[1] Cholera - Central African Republic
[2] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
[3] Cholera - Ethiopia (Somali Regional State)
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Kebbi)
******
[1] Cholera - Central African Republic
Date: Sat 1 Oct 2011
Source: France 24, Agence France-Presse (AFP) report [edited]
<http://www.france24.com/en/20111001-cho ... c-minister>
A new cholera epidemic has hit the Central African Republic and has
already claimed at least 10 victims in the south, health minister
Jean-Michel Mandaba said Fri 30 Sep 2011. His comments came the day
after a health services source sounded the alarm that cholera had
killed 6 people in the Limbo region, 20 kilometers (12 miles) from the
capital Bangui.
"The government of the Central African Republic would like to
officially declare that there is a cholera epidemic in the (southern)
health zones of Ombella-Mpoko and Lobaye, leaving at least 10 people
dead," Mandaba said. The minister called for calm and urged the local
population to go about their usual business while "scrupulously
respecting basic hygiene and cleansing measures."
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of the Central African Republic can be seen at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/c ... _pol01.jpg> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1iZ4>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
******
[2] Cholera - Somalia (Mogadishu)
Date: Sat 1 Oct 2011
Source: Press TV [edited]
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail/202244.html>
Cholera has killed 50 more children in the Somali capital Mogadishu,
where cases of waterborne diseases have increased due to unhygienic
living conditions, Press TV reports. Doctor Ali Hashi Yusuf told the
Press TV correspondent in Mogadishu that the victims died on Saturday
evening, 1 Oct 2011 in Mogadishu's southern districts of Hawlwadig and
Hodan.
More than 330 people suffering from cholera and waterborne diseases
also flocked hospitals in southern Mogadishu to get medication. A
combination of poor sanitation conditions, scarcity of safe and clean
drinking water, and overcrowding has led to the spread of waterborne
diseases in Mogadishu.
According to the World Health Organization, 75 percent of all cases of
highly infectious diarrhea in Somalia are among children under the age
of 5.
Cholera is confirmed in the Banadir, Bay, Mudug, and Lower Shabelle
regions of Somalia, and the number of acute diarrhea cases has
increased dramatically over the past few months.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of Somalia can be seen at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... omalia.pdf> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1gIF>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
******
[3] Ethiopia (Somali Regional State)
Date: Fri 30 Sep 2011
Source: Ogaden Online [edited]
<http://www.ogaden.com/hornnews/ogaden/1 ... ahare.html>
Reports reaching Ogaden Online service desk from the town of
Qabridahare [Kebri Dahar, Somali Regional State] confirm the outbreak
of cholera in the area. Many people have died as a result of this
outbreak of cholera. The signs of cholera were evident in the city for
the past couple of days, however locals, due to their limited health
knowledge and lack of presence of medical personnel in the city,
thought the symptoms were not cholera.
It is reported that civilians numbering between 10 and 15 have so far
died due to the cholera outbreak. There are hundreds of civilians
still down with early signs of cholera. So far there are no reports of
aid either from the Ethiopian government or military stationed in and
around the city.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of Ethiopia can be seen at
<http://www.weltkarte.com/typo3temp/pics/e4ef760cae.jpg> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1iZ6>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
******
[4] Cholera - Nigeria (Kebbi)
Date: Sat 24 Sep 2011
Source: Heal Blog [edited]
<http://www.healblog.net/health-news/cho ... e-victims/>
Cholera claimed another 6 lives in northern Nigeria, after killing 200
people in the past few months. Health commissioner Shehu Sambawa
announced that 6 deaths from cholera in Koko [Kebbi state] in the past
2 weeks that infected 182 people.
Local media reports 234 deaths occurred in 15 Nigerian states in 2011.
Rainy seasons are generally responsible for the occurrence of the
disease in Nigeria. The country's senate started an investigation to
determine what causes the repeated outbreaks of cholera.
[Byline: Cristina Cusoveanu]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of Nigeria can be seen at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... igeria.pdf> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/1iZ7>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]
[Cholera continues to spread in Africa in areas of flooding and in
areas of drought with the common thread being the absence of clean
water. - Mod.LL]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35375
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Denguefieber in Kenia
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2011 (39)
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
******
Africa (Kenya)
Date: Sat 1 Oct 2011
Source: News-Medical.Net [edited]
<http://www.news-medical.net/news/201110 ... drugs.aspx>
"An outbreak of dengue fever in Mandera, northeastern Kenya, is
spreading fast, with at least 5000 people infected within weeks, due
to limited health facilities, a shortage of medical personnel and poor
sanitation, officials told IRIN [UN Integrated Regional Information
Networks]." The news service writes, "A statement by the Ministry of
Public Health and Sanitation on 26 Sep [2011] said 4 deaths from the
disease had been confirmed but, according to Mandera residents, at
least 10 people have died since early September when the outbreak
started."
"With only one public hospital and a few private clinics, medical
officials in the town -- which borders Ethiopia and Somalia -- said
the facilities were congested with dengue fever patients and they were
unable to cope," IRIN notes. Mohamed Sheikh, the provincial public
health and medical officer, told IRIN, "In the absence of a specific
treatment for dengue fever ... health facilities were providing
supportive treatment to the infected," including Paracetamol for
fever, fluids for dehydration and antibiotics for infections.
According to the UN News Centre, the WHO has provided essential drugs
to help treat the outbreak.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[ProMED-mail receives few reports of dengue outbreaks in Africa,
making this one of particular interest. This situation is a concern
because of the influx of refugees into this general area due to an
acute drought. There is a significant possibility that the outbreak
will become still worse without prompt reduction of _Aedes aegypti_
breeding sites in the area. This may prove to be very difficult.
A HealthMap ProMED-mail interactive showing the location of Mandera,
Kenya can be accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/1iSI>. - Mod.TY]
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
******
Africa (Kenya)
Date: Sat 1 Oct 2011
Source: News-Medical.Net [edited]
<http://www.news-medical.net/news/201110 ... drugs.aspx>
"An outbreak of dengue fever in Mandera, northeastern Kenya, is
spreading fast, with at least 5000 people infected within weeks, due
to limited health facilities, a shortage of medical personnel and poor
sanitation, officials told IRIN [UN Integrated Regional Information
Networks]." The news service writes, "A statement by the Ministry of
Public Health and Sanitation on 26 Sep [2011] said 4 deaths from the
disease had been confirmed but, according to Mandera residents, at
least 10 people have died since early September when the outbreak
started."
"With only one public hospital and a few private clinics, medical
officials in the town -- which borders Ethiopia and Somalia -- said
the facilities were congested with dengue fever patients and they were
unable to cope," IRIN notes. Mohamed Sheikh, the provincial public
health and medical officer, told IRIN, "In the absence of a specific
treatment for dengue fever ... health facilities were providing
supportive treatment to the infected," including Paracetamol for
fever, fluids for dehydration and antibiotics for infections.
According to the UN News Centre, the WHO has provided essential drugs
to help treat the outbreak.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[ProMED-mail receives few reports of dengue outbreaks in Africa,
making this one of particular interest. This situation is a concern
because of the influx of refugees into this general area due to an
acute drought. There is a significant possibility that the outbreak
will become still worse without prompt reduction of _Aedes aegypti_
breeding sites in the area. This may prove to be very difficult.
A HealthMap ProMED-mail interactive showing the location of Mandera,
Kenya can be accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/1iSI>. - Mod.TY]
