Wüstenschiff

Indien - Malaria
25.05.2010

Aus fünf Distrikten in Karnataka werden Malaria-Ausbrüche gemeldet (Bijapur 436 Fälle, Bagalkot 74, Koppal 275, Chitradurga 15 und Tumkur 214). Die hohen Zahlen sind für diese Gegend relativ untypisch. In Mumbai kam es dieses Jahr zu einem ungewöhnlich frühen Anstieg der Malaria-Fallzahlen. Im Mai werden 3 Todesfälle bestätigt und mehr als 1.250 Menschen wurden positiv auf Malaria getestet. Mückenschutz beachten, ggf. Malariaprophylaxe beachten. / Quelle: crm
________________________

Tadschikistan - Polio
25.05.2010

Bei einem Ausbruch der Kinderlähmung sind ca. 400 Erkrankungsfälle gemeldet worden, 15 verliefen tödlich. Die tadschikische Eisenbahn verkauft keine Tickets an ausreisende Passagiere mit Kindern unter 6 Jahren. Nur Reisende mit geimpften Kindern über 6 Jahre dürfen eine Bahnreise antreten. Dringend Impfschutz gegen Polio überprüfen und ggf. auffrischen. / Quelle: crm

Indien - Malaria
25.05.2010

Aus fünf Distrikten in Karnataka werden Malaria-Ausbrüche gemeldet (Bijapur 436 Fälle, Bagalkot 74, Koppal 275, Chitradurga 15 und Tumkur 214). Die hohen Zahlen sind für diese Gegend relativ untypisch. In Mumbai kam es dieses Jahr zu einem ungewöhnlich frühen Anstieg der Malaria-Fallzahlen. Im Mai werden 3 Todesfälle bestätigt und mehr als 1.250 Menschen wurden positiv auf Malaria getestet. Mückenschutz beachten, ggf. Malariaprophylaxe beachten. / Quelle: crm

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (08 ): ASIA
***********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

In this update:
[1] Gastroenteritis, fatal - Pakistan (Punjab)
[2] Cholera, gastroenteritis - India (Gujarat)
[3] Cholera, diarrhea - India (Tamil Nadu)
[4] Dysentery - Nepal (Eastern region)

******
[1] Gastroenteritis, fatal - Pakistan (Punjab)
Date: Tue 18 May 2010
Source: The International News [edited]
<http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=104980>


Three people including a woman were killed during the last few days
as district Rahim Yar Khan once again is in the grip of a
gastroenteritis epidemic.

At least 40 to 50 gastroenteritis patients have been brought to
hospitals on a daily basis. Three people including a woman have died,
and 3 more are reported to be in a critical state, Shaikh Zaid
Hospital sources said. Doctors have urged the people to use clean
water and avoid consuming unhygienic items from the vendors.

--
Communicated by:
Healthmap Alerts via ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[For a map of Pakistan with provinces, see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administra ... f_Pakistan>. For
the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map of Pakistan, see
<http://healthmap.org/r/00tj>. - Mod.MPP]

******
[2] Cholera, gastroenteritis - India (Gujarat)
Date: Wed 12 May 2010
Source: Indian Express [edited]
<http://www.indianexpress.com/news/seven ... ge/617707/>


After 7 cholera cases were detected in Choranda village of Karjan
taluka, the Vadodara district health department has declared the
village cholera-hit. A 26-year-old woman is reported to have died of
the disease.

A Health department team has detected 46 cases of gastroenteritis in
the village in the past week. Sources said a leak in a sewage water
pipeline in the village a week ago contaminated the drinking water
supply, leading to an outbreak of diarrhea and vomiting cases.

"Eight medical teams are constantly monitoring the area. Only a part
of the village has been affected by the disease. We have taken all
measures to prevent the spread of the disease," said B R Solanki,
Chief District Health Officer, Vadodara.

Four patients have been admitted in a Karjan hospital, and 3 others
are under observation at a nearby Community Healthcare Centre (CHC).
Water is being supplied through tankers, and the damaged water
connection is yet to be fixed.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[For the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map of India, see
<http://healthmap.org/r/008o>. For a map of India with states, see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and ... s_of_India>. For
a map of Gujarat with districts, see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat>. - Mod.MPP]

******
[3] Cholera, diarrhea - India (Tamil Nadu)
Date: Mon 17 May 2010
Source: Times of India [edited]
<http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City ... 938561.cms>


Four persons have died due to cholera in Theni district, and over 600
people have been treated for diarrhea in the last 6 days, causing
fear in Uthamapalayam and surrounding regions of the district.

"Four deaths were confirmed cases of cholera. Seven samples were
tested in the last few days, and 4 tested positive for cholera," Dr S
Chelladurai, deputy director of health services, Theni, told TOI. As
many as 234 patients in Theni and 186 in Uthamapalayam and its
neighboring villages had been treated for diarrhea-related diseases.

Outbreaks of diarrhea were also reported from Chinnamanur, Bodi and
other areas of Theni district. More than 100 persons were admitted to
the government medical college in Theni and government hospitals,
PHCs and private hospitals.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Whether cholera is responsible for all the illness is not clear from
the posting. - Mod.LL]

[For the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map of India, see
<http://healthmap.org/r/008o>. For a map of India with states, see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and ... s_of_India>. For
a map of Tamil Nadu with districts, see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu>. - Mod.MPP]

******
[4] Dysentery - Nepal (Eastern region)
Date: Mon 10 May 2010
Source: My Republica [edited]
<http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index ... s_id=18454>


Cases of dysentery have been reported in Ikhabu VDC in the northern
belt of Taplejung district. The outbreak has affected 7 or 8 persons
in every village of the VDC, said Ram Maya Budha Kshetri, a maternal
child health worker. "If the cases reach 12-14 in each locality, then
the outbreak will be considered epidemic," she said.

"Patients are being treated at the local level," said Budha Kshetri.
She said they have still not reported the problem to the district
hospital as they think that they can contain it on their own. Most of
the areas in the VDC have been affected by the disease.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Dysentery is usually caused by bacteria, especially _Shigella_, and
the protozoan _Entamoeba histolytica. - Mod.LL]

[For the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map of Nepal, see
<http://healthmap.org/r/018D>. For a map of Nepal with regions, see
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal>. Taplejung district is in the
Mechi zone, and can be seen on the map of Mechi zone available at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Nepal> - Mod.MPP]

UNDIAGNOSED ENCEPHALITIS - INDIA: (BIHAR)
*****************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Tue 8 Jun 2010
Source: DNA India, Press Trust of India (PTI) report [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_en ... 12_1393602>


With the death of 4 more children, the toll due to the outbreak of
encephalitis in the North Bihar town of Muzaffarpur went up to 12, a
district medical officer said today [8 Jun 2010].

Having earlier shown symptoms of encephalitis, 4 children succumbed
during treatment in hospital since yesterday [7 Jun 2010], the
district civil surgeon AP Singh told reporters here [in Muzaffarpur].
In the past 2-3 days 8 children had died of the disease, after being
admitted to hospitals and nursing homes. At least 24 children were
undergoing treatment at the SKM and Kejriwal hospitals, Singh said.

The patients complained of excessive vomiting, loose motion
[diarrhea], high fever, all known to be symptoms of encephalitis. A
medical team has been formed.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Japanese encephalitis virus infection has been the predominant cause
of serious encephalitis causing mortality in children in northern
India in recent years and is the most likely cause of this outbreak.
However other unidentified presumptive viral encephalitic diseases
have been prevalent in northern India in recent years (see archived
references below).

A similar outbreak of an unidentified encephalitis causing childhood
deaths was recorded in the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar in 2005 (see
ProMED-mail Encephalitis - India (Bihar): RFI 20050619.1727) and 10
years (in 1995) before that a similar outbreak of suspected viral
encephalitis occurred in the same district of Bihar. At that time,
preliminary laboratory and epidemiological data excluded Japanese
encephalitis virus infection as the cause of the outbreak, because of
an atypical clinical picture, a low prevalence of potential mosquito
vectors, and negative serology. That outbreak ended with the onset of
rains, which also ended a period of extreme heat. The current outbreak
bears some resemblance to the 2005 and 1995 outbreaks, and the results
of the current investigation are awaited with considerable interest.

The provinces of India can be seen on the maps at
<http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/india_map.html> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/01v2>.
A map of Bihar showing the location of Muzaffarpur district in the
north of the state is available at
<http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/bihar/b ... strict.htm>. - Mod.CP]

UNDIAGNOSED DISEASE - NAGORNO-KARABAKH: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
***************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Wed 9 Jun 2010
Source: Aysor News Agency [edited]
<http://www.aysor.am/en/news/2010/06/09/ ... infection/>


On Tue 8 Jun 2010 Bako Sahakyan, president of the Artsakh
[Nagorno-Karabakh] Republic, convoked a consultation dedicated to the
outbreak of infectious [disease] in the Kashatagh region. Ofelia
Haroutyunyan, head of the State Hygienic and Epidemiological
Inspection of the Artsakh Republic Ministry of Health and Ara Asoyan,
chief infectiologist of the Republic of Armenia and head of the
republic infectious [diseases hospital delivered corresponding reports
on the situation and the carried out preventive measures.

The Central Information Department of the Office of the NKR
[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic] president reported that the head of the
State expressed gratitude for operative response of the health
institutions and underlined that necessary measures should be taken to
eliminate the [focus] of the infection and render proper aid to the
patients in the shortest time possible. The president noted that the
process would be under his immediate control.

Ara Haroutyunyan, premier of the Artsakh [Nagorno-Karabakh] Republic,
and heads of the concerned bodies partook at the consultation.

--
Communicated by:
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[The Artsakh Republic of the South Caucasus includes most of the
territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and several
Azerbaijani districts adjacent to the borders of Azerbaijan with
Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. Artsakh is better known as
Nagorno-Karabakh, a former Azerbaijan enclave in Armenia. It is still
de jure part of Azerbaijan but de facto under Armenian control.

There have been no recent reports of outbreaks of infectious disease
among the inhabitants of the Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) Republic.
Information on the identity of the disease and the severity of the
outbreak would be welcomed from any informed source in the region. -
Mod.CP]

[Nagorno-Karabakh's neighboring countries Armenia & Azerbaijan have
reported in past years oubreaks of typhoid, paratyphoid, anthrax,
tularemia, cholera, dysentery, brucellosis, rabies, botulism, malaria,
diphtheria and H5N1 avian flu -- see ProMED archives for those
countries.
Location map at:
<http://www.aneki.com/country_maps/map_Azerbaijan.gif>
A map of the region can be found at:
<http://lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwealth ... rabakh.gif>
- Mod.JW]

Indien - Milzbrand
15.06.2010

Im Bundesstaat Orissa sind seit letztem Monat 18 Personen an Milzbrand erkrankt, die Infektion erfolgte wahrscheinlich durch den Verzehr von verdorbenem Fleisch. Erst Anfang Mai war ein Ausbruch in West-Bengalen gemeldet worden, bei dem ca. 50 Menschen erkrankten. Vorsicht beim Umgang mit kranken Tieren, Fleisch nur ausreichend gegart verzehren. / Quelle: crm
______________

Kasachstan - Krim-Kongo hämorrhagisches Fieber
15.06.2010

Die Behörden der Provinz Südkasachstan melden erneut einen Fall von Krim-Kongo hämorrhagischem Fieber. Erst im Mai dieses Jahres waren 7 Fälle vom CCHF bestätigt worden (2 Todesfälle). Schutz vor Zecken beachten. / Quelle: crm
_______________

Tadschikistan - Polio
15.06.2010

Der Polio-Ausbruch in Tadschikistan scheint allmählich unter Kontrolle zu sein. Durch Impfkampagnen, die unmittelbar nach Bekanntwerden der ersten Fälle eingeleitet wurden, konnte die Anzahl der Neuerkankungen deutlich reduziert werden. Seit Beginn des Ausbruchs in der 1. Maihälfte wurden 586 Erkrankte registriert. Dringend Impfschutz gegen Polio überprüfen und ggf. auffrischen. / Quelle: crm

DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2010 (27)
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

******
India (Kerala)
Date: Sun 6 Jun 2010
Source: Deccan Harald
<http://www.deccanherald.com/content/738 ... taluk.html>


In 2010, a total of 45 people have suffered from dengue in the district and
out of it; 30 belonged to Kasargod taluk [a taluk is a division of local
government within a district in some Indian states]. Maximum number of
cases are reported in Kuttikol Gram Panchayat, where 15 people were
reported to be suffering from dengue fever and one died.

In 2009, 48 people had dengue fever, wherein 30 people belonged to Kasargod
taluk. Fever, eye strain, body pain, muscle pain, vomiting, stomach pain,
redness in stool, and weakness are the symptoms of dengue fever. The fever
[virus] spreads through mosquitos belonging to _Aedes_ family [genus].
Mosquitos in areca nut [the Areca palm (_Areca catechu_)] rubber
plantations, too, may cause [transmit] the disease [virus].

--
communicated by:
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[An 11 Jun 2010 report in the Times of India
(<http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Indi ... 035088.cms>)
indicated that there was an outbreak of fever in Kerala, including dengue
cases, with 12 new cases on 10 Jun 2010.

A map showing the location of Kerala state on the southwest tip of India
can be accessed at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_e ... _pol01.jpg>. A
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed/en?v=22.9,79.6,5>. - Mod.TY]

DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2010 (29)
***************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

******
India (Kerala)
Date: Sun 20 Jun 2010
Source: AsianetIndia [edited]
<http://www.asianetindia.com/news/person ... 66000.html>


One person has died of dengue fever in Kozhikode district today [20
Jun 2010]. The deceased has been identified as a resident of Meppayoor
and is a school teacher. The number of fever-affected patients in the
State is increasing day by day, the death toll is also increasing.

--
Communicated by:
PRO/MBDS
<promed-mbds@promedmail.org>

[It is not clear from this report how many individuals have been
reported as dengue cases or if this constitutes an outbreak or just
scattered cases.

A map showing the location of Kozhikode district in Kerala can be accessed at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode_district>.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/01y2>. - Mod.TY]

RABIES, CANINE, FELINE, HUMAN - AZERBAIJAN
****************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

******
Azerbaijan
Date: Mon 14 Jun 2010
Source: APA News [edited]
<http://www.en.apa.az/news.php?id=124299>


Boy dies from rabies in Azerbaijan's Aghdam region
--------------------------------------------------
A 12-year-old schoolboy died from rabies in Ashagi Baharli village of
Aghdam, APA's Karabakh bureau reports. The boy had been bitten by his
dog. As the injury was slight, his parents did not pay attention to
it. Some days later, the child began to cough. Though they went to
the doctor several times, he felt worse day after day. The boy's
relatives told APA's correspondent that they did not tell the doctor
that the child had been bitten. When he was taken to the capital, it
became known he had been infected with rabies. He died on Sat 12 Jun 2010.

The staff of Aghdam Central Hospital has taken control at the village
where the boy lived. The boy's relatives relatives told APA's
Karabakh bureau that the dog, which had bitten the schoolboy, had run
away. Aghdam Central Hospital informed APA's Karabakh bureau that
the boy's relatives, their neighbors and anyone who had contact with
the boy, has now been vaccinated against rabies virus infection.

[A map of the regions and districts of Azerbaijan can be accessed at:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_r ... Azerbaijan>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Azerbaijan is available at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/01yA>. - Mod.CP]

RABIES, ANIMAL, HUMAN - INDIA: (HARYANA)
****************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Mon 28 Jun 2010
Source: The Tribune, Chandigarh [edited]
<http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100629/cth1.htm#10>


Surge in rabies cases -- number may swell in monsoon
-----------------------------------------------------
With a rise in the dog bite cases in the city [Panchkula, Haryana state]
and its periphery, there has been a substantial increase in the number of
rabies patients in the recent past. According to sources, 5 to 6 rabies
patients visit the General Hospital, Sector 6, every day.

More than 100 cases of dog bites were reported at the hospital in May
[2010]. Come monsoon and the number may swell, say experts. Sources said
most of the patients came from rural areas, urban slums or the adjoining
towns such as Dhakoli, Zirakpur, and Baltana.

Dog or monkey bite cases were also reported from Madna, Morni, Berwala,
Nadda, Kalka, Raipur Rani, and Barwala. "Deforestation has forced monkeys
and other dangerous species to stray into these areas," said sources. A
monkey bite can also cause rabies -- a disease caused by [viruses
classified in the genus _Lyssavirus_], which has the tendency of hiding
itself from the immune system and not giving the body time to respond to
its attack. The immune system's inability to combat the virus allows it to
reach the central nervous system where it replicates quickly and spreads
all over the brain, causing inflammation and affecting its functioning.
Only a vaccine can prevent this from happening.

An affected person develops hydrophobia, becomes anxious, and hyperactive.
There is increasingly uncontrolled movement, confusion, and delirium. At
this stage, animals also go mad and bite.

Even though the municipal corporation has invited expression of interest
for vaccinating stray dogs in the district, which were estimated to be
about 5000 in number, people would have to suffer till a contract is
awarded to some organisation.

Confirming this, medical superintendent Dr VK Bansal said the hospital in
its stock had 589 [doses] of anti-rabies [vaccine] "Rabipur", of which
around 169 have been used for treating patients last month [May 2010].
[Rabipur is a cell culture-derived inactivated rabies virus (Fluty LEP
strain) vaccine. - Mod.CP] He said they were providing free treatment to
patients residing in urban slums and people belonging to below poverty line
(BPL). He said general patients were being charged Rs 100 [USD 2.15] per
injection. He added that depending upon the condition of patient 4 to 5
anti-rabies injections were given.

Dr Bansal said [the hospital clinic] anti-rabies injection was the cheapest
option, as chemists were selling these for Rs 350 [USD 7.5] or more. He
claimed that even the patients from Chandigarh were visiting the hospital
for treatment. He suggested that in case of monkey or a dog bite, a person
should immediately wash the wound with running water and detergent soap for
about 12 to 15 minutes. An antiseptic cream should be applied on the wound
and the victim should be rushed to a doctor for the administration of the
anti-rabies vaccine.

[byline: Sanjay Bumbroo]

--
communicated by:
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Panchkula is the northern most district of the state of Haryana and one of
several newly formed districts. A map of the district is available at
<http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/haryana ... chkula.htm>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/01Ch>. - Mod.CP]

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (03): (MANIPUR) SUSPECTED
*******************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Tue 29 Jun 2010
Source: E-Pao, Hueiyen News Service report [edited]
<http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=12..300610.jun10>


Fear of a revisit of Japanese encephalitis in the state [Manipur] has
surfaced with at least 8 patients found to have developed syndromes of the
dreaded disease and been admitted at RIMS [Regional Institute of Medical
Sciences] Hospital. To confirm the disease blood samples of the patients
have been sent to JN Hospital, where facilities for blood testing for
Japanese encephalitis [virus infection] were recently installed, state
malaria officer, Dr H Nimaichand said today [29 Jun 2010].

Facilities for testing blood to confirm other mosquitoborne diseases are
now available at RIMS Hospital, JN Hospital, Churachandpur District
Hospital, and Tamenglong District Hospital. With the facilities available
in the state, [there is no] inconvenience in getting results to confirm the
kind of disease suffered by a patient related to mosquito bites, the doctor
said. He also said that facility for testing for Japanese encephalitis
[virus infection] will also be made available in other hospitals at the
earliest opportunity. Authorities have started taking steps to provide
[testing] in some selected government hospitals.

Stressing the need for cooperation from other government departments,
Chandramani said that the long abandoned pitch dug for the sewerage project
undertaken by the PWD [public works department] in Imphal areas has become
a favourable egg hatching ground of mosquitoes. Water reservoirs of the
PHED [Public Health Engineering Department] at different places also need
to be covered properly. The Fishery department also needs to supply fish
that consume eggs [larvae and pupae] of mosquitoes.

--
communicated by:
HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[It will be of interest to see if these cases are confirmed as Japanese
encephalitis virus infections. Being relatively close to the Myanmar
(Burma) border, one wonders if cases are occurring there as well.

An interactive map showing the region where these cases occurred in far
eastern India on the Myanmar border can be accessed at
<http://www.maplandia.com/india/manipur/imphal/>. A map showing the
location of states in India, including Manipur, can be accessed at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_e ... _pol01.jpg>. A
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/01Cs>. - Mod.TY]

MALARIA, FEVER - INDIA: (MUMBAI), REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: 22 Jun 2010
Source: DNA [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_s ... ai_1399604>


Malaria is back in Mumbai
-------------------------
The monsoon may have just begun, but the rising incidence of malaria
and fever in the city has already become a cause of serious concern.
Compared to last year [2009], the city has seen a rise of 28 percent
in malaria cases and 22 percent escalation in the number of fever
cases recorded so far.

According to records with the civic health department, 1175 cases of
malaria and 3474 cases of fever have been reported in the city's
private and public hospitals since 1 June 2010. In one day alone, 44
cases of malaria and 171 cases of fever were admitted to the city's
hospitals. Malaria has also claimed 2 lives since 1 June 2010, said
civic health authorities.

"Mumbai, with its ever-burgeoning population, humid climate and
optimum temperature, is the perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.
The hectic construction activity has only served to worsen the
situation," said Dr Arvind Bhonsale, a paediatrician, who has treated
at least 6 patients with malaria at his Kandivli clinic in the last 2
weeks.

"Kurla, with 261 cases of malaria is the worst affected," said Dr
Anuradha Pednekar, a Shiv Sena corporator [Shive Sena is the political
party controlling the Mumbai municipal corporation][. Water stagnation
-- be it in puddles on the road, in discarded rubber tyres, in water
tanks, or even in buckets used to store water inside homes -- is what
makes Mumbaikars vulnerable to mosquitoes, said doctors. "In the past
15 days, my patient load has more than doubled. Cases of malaria too
have peaked," said Dr SN Acharya, a Kurla-based general practitioner.

The soaring numbers of malaria and fever cases has even caught the
Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) off guard. In a general body
meeting on Monday [21 Jun 2010], leader of the opposition in the BMC,
Rajhans Singh, raised a motion and questioned the civic
administration's initiative to curb the menace.

Upendra Doshi, a Congress corporator, blamed the civic body's single
minded attention on the census. "Most of the health staff has been
deployed for census work. How can you expect the cases reported to be
treated properly," said Doshi. Yogesh Sagar, BJP corporator [BJP is
another political party] from Kandivli, went a step further and said,
"If any instances of larval breeding of mosquitoes are found, the ward
officers of that area would be suspended."

The leaders also discussed at length the civic administration's
failure in fogging and disinfecting mosquito breeding grounds in water
logged areas. However, Ashish Kumar Singh, additional municipal
commissioner, rebuffed such claims. "We are doing our best to curb
the spread of the disease. An active surveillance team is deployed at
all the chronic spots every 10 days. At the same time, fogging and
disinfecting has been done at every susceptible area," said Singh.

[Byline: Priyanka Sharma; Deepa Suryanarayan]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[ProMED will be happy to post recent statistics on malaria and fever
cases in Mumbai. Mumbai is regarded as a low risk area, but this
applies to affluent areas only.

A previous study (Karn and Harada. Field survey on water supply,
sanitation and associated health impacts in urban poor communities--a
case from Mumbai City, India. Water Sci Technol. 2002;46:269-75) found
that malaria was common in slum areas of the city with an annual
incidence of 126 per 1000 populations.

If these data are still relevant today the report may merely reflect
normal seasonal changes. - Mod.EP]

[Malaria mosquitoes (_Anopheles_ spp.) do not breed in the water
sources mentioned here, but dengue vector mosquitoes (_Aedes_ spp.)
do. It is likely that the fever cases referred to are cases of
dengue. - Mod.JW]

[The interactive HealthMap/ProMED map for Mumbai is available at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/00BT> - CopyEd.EJP]

Indien - Japanische Enzephalitis (JE)
05.07.2010

Die Übertragungssaison für JE beginnt im Mai, endet im Oktober und hat ihren Gipfel erfahrungsgemäß im August-September. Bereits vor Einsetzen des Monsuns wurden zahlreiche Fälle gemeldet, darunter auch viele Kinder. Im östlichen Bundesstaat Manipur wurden im Juni 8 Patienten mit Japanischer Enzephalitis stationär aufgenommen. Diese Viruserkrankung wird durch nachtaktive Stechmücken übertragen und kann zu Hirnentzündungen führen. Risikoreisende sollten geimpft werden. / Quelle: crm
____________________

Indien - Malaria
05.07.2010

In Mumbai kam es dieses Jahr zu einem ungewöhnlich frühen Anstieg der Malaria-Fallzahlen. Seit Anfang Juni wurden 2 Todesfälle gemeldet, mehr als 1.175 Menschen wurden positiv auf Malaria getestet. Im April lag die Zahl der Erkrankungen mit 3.122 noch höher. Im Vergleich zum Juni des Vorjahres sind die Fallzahlen um 28% angestiegen. Auch aus fünf Distrikten in Karnataka werden vermehrte Malaria-Fälle gemeldet (Bijapur 436 Fälle, Bagalkot 74, Koppal 275, Chitradurga 15 und Tumkur 214). Die hohen Zahlen sind für diese Gegend relativ untypisch. Mückenschutz beachten, ggf. Malariaprophylaxe beachten. / Quelle: crm

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2010 (11): ASIA
******************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Diarrhea, fatal - India (Chhattisgarh)
Date: Mon 14 Jun 2010
Source: Thaindian News, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) report [edited]
<http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/hea ... 80036.html>


A mysterious disease has claimed at least a dozen lives and affected
more than 150 people in a remote Chhattisgarh village, a health
official said Monday [14 Jun 2010].

"I can confirm at least 12 deaths and more than 150 have been taken
ill after a diarrhea-like disease broke out in Dharmpur village in
Bijapur district close to the Andhra Pradesh border," a source [in
Raipur] in the directorate of health services told IANS.

The village is over 500 km [310 mi] south of state capital Raipur.

"The deaths were reported in the past 2 or 3 days. But more
information will be available only when our medical team meets the
affected people," the source said.

--
Communicated by:
Viki Hansen-Landis, MPH, CHES
Medical Information and Analysis
Trevose, PA
USA
<viki.hansen@internationalsos.com>

[The symptom complex and case-fatality rate are both consistent with
cholera. - Mod.LL]

[Bijapur can be located via the HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map
of India at
<http://healthmap.org/r/01C*>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

BRUCELLOSIS, LIVESTOCK, HUMAN - KAZAKHSTAN: (AQMOLA)
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Fri 2 Jul 2010
Source: KTK news agency [in Russian, trans. Corr.ATS, edited]
<http://www.ktk.kz/art/?id=8961>

A new outbreak of human brucellosis was registered in Aqmola oblast
[region] of Kazakhstan. 19 residents of Zerendinskaya rayon were
diagnosed with brucellosis at once. In all cases, the source of
infection was animals. There were animal brucellosis cases reported
in May 2010 in the same area. Currently the veterinary services are
immunizing the local herd.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed-rus@promedmail.org>

[Since 2000 animal immunization against brucellosis is not being
performed in Kazakhstan. Each year, according to the information from
the newspaper "Express K" about 2500 new human brucellosis cases are
being registered, including 600 children
(<http://www.express-k.kz/show_article.php?art_id=24920>). There has
been a stepwise increase in brucellosis incidence in Kazakhstan,
which is due to combination of non-adequate veterinary procedures
during quarantines and the non-regulated trade of animals or animal
products. - Mod.NP]

[Both _Brucella abortus_ and _B. melitensis_ are reportedly present
in Kazakhstan. The reservoir of _B. abortus_ is, generally, cattle
and of _B. melitensis_, sheep and goats, though cross infections may
occur. It will be helpful if the identity of the bacterium involved
in the outbreaks described becomes available. Most likely, these are
mainly _B. melitensis_ cases, with sheep and goats being the
reservoirs.

Kazakhstan's policy of brucellosis control in animals is in need of
clarification. - Mod.AS]

[The manifestations of the brucellosis in humans is not stated. - Mod.LL]

[The regions of Kazakhstan can be seen on the map at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Kazakhstan>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of the country is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/01De>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]