JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (16): (UTTAR PRADESH)
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Date: Thu 4 Oct 2012
Source: BBC News [edited]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19825565
At least 390 people, mostly children, have died in an outbreak of viral encephalitis in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, officials say. More than 2500 patients were admitted to government hospitals in Gorakhpur city this year [2012], Press Trust of India quoted a health official as saying. At least 270 patients were still being treated at the hospitals, he said. The disease is caused by contaminated water.
Nearly 6500 children have died of encephalitis in the region since the 1st case was detected in 1978. The disease occurs regularly during the monsoon in Gorakhpur and adjoining districts which border Nepal in the foothills of the Himalayas. The low-lying areas are prone to floods, providing a breeding ground for mosquitoes which commonly transmit the virus. Doctors say affected patients come from 10-12 districts in the region, and are mostly rural poor.
Until 2005, the majority of deaths were caused by Japanese encephalitis, caused by a mosquito-borne virus, doctors say. But in the past 6 years, children have been dying of other forms of viral encephalitis, the exact cause of which is unclear.
The diseases cause headaches and vomiting and can lead to coma, brain dysfunctions, seizures, and inflammation of the heart and kidneys. Doctors say children between the ages of 6 months to 15 years are the worst affected. A fifth of the children who survive have to live with neurological weaknesses, doctors say.
The government says it has tried to check the regular outbreak of the encephalitis in the region.
The encephalitis outbreak in Gorakhpur has attracted national and international attention -- scientists from the US-based Centers for Disease Control visited the area in 2009, and took away medical samples to examine the virus.
In 2005, a virulent outbreak of Japanese encephalitis [virus infections] in Gorakhpur killed 1000 people, mostly children. This was the worst outbreak since 1978.
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[The death toll in eastern Uttar Pradesh state continues to climb from 274 reported on 11 Sep 2012 (see ProMED-mail archive below) to 322 on 19 Sep 2012 and now to 390 with this report, above. The report implies that the majority of cases of encephalitis over the past 6 years are not due to Japanese encephalitis virus infections. As in some previous reports, contaminated water is cited as the source of the outbreaks, suggesting enterovirus infections. The report also does not indicate what the findings of the USA CDC team were. Clearly, a comprehensive virological workup of these cases is needed to determine which etiological agent(s) is/are involved in these cases.
An interactive HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of India showing the location of Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh state, can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/3h8J. - Mod.TY]
Aktuelle Epidemien in Asien/Seidenstraße
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Chikungunya in Indien
CHIKUNGUNYA (17): INDIA
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Date: Thu 4 Oct 2012
Source: Daily Mail [edited]
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/in ... eds-newsxm
After dengue, it is the turn of chikungunya to strike fear in the city. The virus that causes chikungunya, the illness characterised by high fever and severe pain in the joints that afflicts scores of Delhiites every year, has mutated into a deadly strain, scientists have warned.
Delhi has already reported 6 cases of chikungunya so far this year [2012], a figure likely to rise in the days ahead. In 2011 and the year before that, 54 and 33 cases of chikungunya [virus infection] were reported respectively in the Capital.
The dire warning comes from a group of scientists and doctors from the city-based International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital and International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.
The scientists and doctors studied the chikungunya virus in Delhi for a year. "There is emergence of a distinct molecular signature within the virus strains ... leading to appearance of new subgroups and suggests a dynamic evolution of the virus, which may change the infection's intensity and clinical symptoms," one of the researchers said. "Delhi's samples showed a different signature from those seen in the reference strains and other strains from India reported since 1963 and the latest documented epidemic from 2005 onwards. Understanding the consequences of such changes in viral genomes is vital to prepare for any public health disaster," she said.
Scientists used blood samples drawn from more than 289 patients from Safdarjung Hospital, who were suspected to have chikungunya. All the patients, belonging to different localities of Delhi, showed classical symptoms of chikungunya [virus infection] such as high fever, joint pain, muscle pain and skin rashes.
The experts analysed the structural genes E1 and E2 in the chikungunya virus. "With respect to E1 gene, all the Delhi samples showed 15 variations," the scientist said. "Analysis of the E2 gene revealed 32 variations in the Delhi samples," she added. The scientist said that the number of cases of chikungunya had been grossly underreported over the years because doctors might have misdiagnosed it as dengue and because of non-reporting of suspected cases.
The chikungunya virus is transmitted to people by the bite of infected female mosquitoes called _Aedes aegypti_ and _Aedes albopictus_, 2 carriers which can also transmit other mosquito borne viruses, including dengue. These mosquitoes usually bite at dawn and dusk but may bite at any time during the day, especially indoors in shady areas.
Chikungunya has grown to pandemic levels globally [It is not endemic in the Americas. - Mod.TY]. In India, the infection re-emerged in 7 states in 2005 and, according to a 2010 report, it has spread to more than 18 states and Union Territories afflicting more than 3.7 million people.
Delhi witnessed a chikungunya outbreak between October and December 2010 just after an outbreak of dengue.
"Since its reemergence, the intensity of the infection has increased with every passing year with 45 per cent to 63 per cent attack rates in several areas during outbreaks. India is endemic to dengue fever and because of overlapping symptoms, chikungunya is generally mistaken to be the former resulting in misdiagnosis," she said.
[Byline: Neetu Chandra]
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[It is not surprising that genetic difference in chikungunya virus have occurred in the 49 year span over which virus isolates were collected from Delhi and other parts of India. This biological and clinical consequence of the molecular changes that the researchers observed is not stated, and the indication that these changes may affect intensity and clinical symptoms is speculative. The statements that the virus has mutated into a deadly virus simply is without substantiation. No fatalities are mentioned. Rather, the "... more than 289 patients from Safdarjung Hospital, who were suspected to have chikungunya ... showed classical symptoms of chikungunya". The "deadly" statement may be a case of journalistic exaggeration.
Studies of genome changes can be very valuable, and argue for the establishment of virus repositories so that isolates can be compared over time and space. Since pathogenesis experiments to compare virulence of various strains by infecting humans are out of the question, the only alternatives are development of an animal model that mimics human disease or comparison of virus isolates and disease in individuals infected naturally. Publication of the above report in a peer reviewed scientific journal is awaited with interest. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH.]
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Date: Thu 4 Oct 2012
Source: Daily Mail [edited]
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/in ... eds-newsxm
After dengue, it is the turn of chikungunya to strike fear in the city. The virus that causes chikungunya, the illness characterised by high fever and severe pain in the joints that afflicts scores of Delhiites every year, has mutated into a deadly strain, scientists have warned.
Delhi has already reported 6 cases of chikungunya so far this year [2012], a figure likely to rise in the days ahead. In 2011 and the year before that, 54 and 33 cases of chikungunya [virus infection] were reported respectively in the Capital.
The dire warning comes from a group of scientists and doctors from the city-based International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital and International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.
The scientists and doctors studied the chikungunya virus in Delhi for a year. "There is emergence of a distinct molecular signature within the virus strains ... leading to appearance of new subgroups and suggests a dynamic evolution of the virus, which may change the infection's intensity and clinical symptoms," one of the researchers said. "Delhi's samples showed a different signature from those seen in the reference strains and other strains from India reported since 1963 and the latest documented epidemic from 2005 onwards. Understanding the consequences of such changes in viral genomes is vital to prepare for any public health disaster," she said.
Scientists used blood samples drawn from more than 289 patients from Safdarjung Hospital, who were suspected to have chikungunya. All the patients, belonging to different localities of Delhi, showed classical symptoms of chikungunya [virus infection] such as high fever, joint pain, muscle pain and skin rashes.
The experts analysed the structural genes E1 and E2 in the chikungunya virus. "With respect to E1 gene, all the Delhi samples showed 15 variations," the scientist said. "Analysis of the E2 gene revealed 32 variations in the Delhi samples," she added. The scientist said that the number of cases of chikungunya had been grossly underreported over the years because doctors might have misdiagnosed it as dengue and because of non-reporting of suspected cases.
The chikungunya virus is transmitted to people by the bite of infected female mosquitoes called _Aedes aegypti_ and _Aedes albopictus_, 2 carriers which can also transmit other mosquito borne viruses, including dengue. These mosquitoes usually bite at dawn and dusk but may bite at any time during the day, especially indoors in shady areas.
Chikungunya has grown to pandemic levels globally [It is not endemic in the Americas. - Mod.TY]. In India, the infection re-emerged in 7 states in 2005 and, according to a 2010 report, it has spread to more than 18 states and Union Territories afflicting more than 3.7 million people.
Delhi witnessed a chikungunya outbreak between October and December 2010 just after an outbreak of dengue.
"Since its reemergence, the intensity of the infection has increased with every passing year with 45 per cent to 63 per cent attack rates in several areas during outbreaks. India is endemic to dengue fever and because of overlapping symptoms, chikungunya is generally mistaken to be the former resulting in misdiagnosis," she said.
[Byline: Neetu Chandra]
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[It is not surprising that genetic difference in chikungunya virus have occurred in the 49 year span over which virus isolates were collected from Delhi and other parts of India. This biological and clinical consequence of the molecular changes that the researchers observed is not stated, and the indication that these changes may affect intensity and clinical symptoms is speculative. The statements that the virus has mutated into a deadly virus simply is without substantiation. No fatalities are mentioned. Rather, the "... more than 289 patients from Safdarjung Hospital, who were suspected to have chikungunya ... showed classical symptoms of chikungunya". The "deadly" statement may be a case of journalistic exaggeration.
Studies of genome changes can be very valuable, and argue for the establishment of virus repositories so that isolates can be compared over time and space. Since pathogenesis experiments to compare virulence of various strains by infecting humans are out of the question, the only alternatives are development of an animal model that mimics human disease or comparison of virus isolates and disease in individuals infected naturally. Publication of the above report in a peer reviewed scientific journal is awaited with interest. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH.]
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Chikungunya in Indien - Gujarat
CHIKUNGUNYA (18): INDIA (GUJARAT)
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Date: Fri 5 Oct 2012
Source: Times of India [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 689920.cms
Amid reports of large number of fever cases being reported in the 3 talukas [subdistricts] of Vadodara, the district administration on Friday evening [5 Oct 2012] confirmed 4 positive cases of chikungunya fever in Shinor taluka.
Earlier, 5 cases of chikungunya were reported in Naswadi taluka 2 months back. Health officials claim that since January [2012], only 11 positive cases of chikungunya have been reported in the district other than the 4 cases reported on Friday.
The district authorities have been receiving reports of rising fever cases from Shinor, Chhota Udepur and Naswadi talukas for the past one week, while some panchayat representatives from Shinor had also approached the district development officer expressing apprehensions of an outbreak of chikungunya [virus infections] recently.
"We have 4 confirmed cases of chikungunya out of 7 samples which we had sent to SSG on Wednesday. But there is no epidemic. We have screened all 1600 households in Shinor taluka in the last 2 days, and have sent another 18 samples for testing," said district development Officer (DDO) Rakesh Shankar.
A day-long medical camp on Friday was also organized.
"Even before we had received confirmation of the 4 cases, 17 medical teams had been placed in Shinor as a preventive measure. An 11-doctor team and an ayurvedic doctor conducted the medical camp today. Sanitation workers have also undertaken a larvae-removal exercise where all water bodies are being checked. In addition, we have also ordered spraying of insecticides in the area," said Shankar.
District health officer (DHO) Dr B R Solanki said the increase in number of fever cases in the taluka was mainly because of change in season and it should not be seen as any outbreak of a fever like chikungunya.
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[Chikungunya virus is endemic in many parts of India, and sporadic cases occur there frequently, as illustrated by the above report. There is no specific antiviral drug available for treatment of chikungunya virus infections, only supportive care for the acute incapacitating arthralgia that often occurs and may persist for weeks to months. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/27Ix.]
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A ProMED-mail post
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
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Date: Fri 5 Oct 2012
Source: Times of India [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 689920.cms
Amid reports of large number of fever cases being reported in the 3 talukas [subdistricts] of Vadodara, the district administration on Friday evening [5 Oct 2012] confirmed 4 positive cases of chikungunya fever in Shinor taluka.
Earlier, 5 cases of chikungunya were reported in Naswadi taluka 2 months back. Health officials claim that since January [2012], only 11 positive cases of chikungunya have been reported in the district other than the 4 cases reported on Friday.
The district authorities have been receiving reports of rising fever cases from Shinor, Chhota Udepur and Naswadi talukas for the past one week, while some panchayat representatives from Shinor had also approached the district development officer expressing apprehensions of an outbreak of chikungunya [virus infections] recently.
"We have 4 confirmed cases of chikungunya out of 7 samples which we had sent to SSG on Wednesday. But there is no epidemic. We have screened all 1600 households in Shinor taluka in the last 2 days, and have sent another 18 samples for testing," said district development Officer (DDO) Rakesh Shankar.
A day-long medical camp on Friday was also organized.
"Even before we had received confirmation of the 4 cases, 17 medical teams had been placed in Shinor as a preventive measure. An 11-doctor team and an ayurvedic doctor conducted the medical camp today. Sanitation workers have also undertaken a larvae-removal exercise where all water bodies are being checked. In addition, we have also ordered spraying of insecticides in the area," said Shankar.
District health officer (DHO) Dr B R Solanki said the increase in number of fever cases in the taluka was mainly because of change in season and it should not be seen as any outbreak of a fever like chikungunya.
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[Chikungunya virus is endemic in many parts of India, and sporadic cases occur there frequently, as illustrated by the above report. There is no specific antiviral drug available for treatment of chikungunya virus infections, only supportive care for the acute incapacitating arthralgia that often occurs and may persist for weeks to months. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/27Ix.]
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Denguefieber in Pakistan und Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (49) ASIA
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India, Delhi area. 3 Oct 2012. Dengue 98 cases; Deaths 2; Increasing. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 39488.aspx
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- India, Chandigarh, Harayana/Punjab states. 3 Oct 2012. Dengue, September 2012 only (conf.) 105 cases; Deaths 1. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 648380.cms
- Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh province. 2 Oct 2012. Dengue for 1-2 Oct 2012 (conf.) 16 cases, (susp.) 243 cases; Increasing. http://www.brecorder.com/pakistan/gener ... tals-.html
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Karachi in Sindh province can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/3DHW. - Mod.TY]
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India, Delhi area. 3 Oct 2012. Dengue 98 cases; Deaths 2; Increasing. http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 39488.aspx
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- India, Chandigarh, Harayana/Punjab states. 3 Oct 2012. Dengue, September 2012 only (conf.) 105 cases; Deaths 1. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 648380.cms
- Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh province. 2 Oct 2012. Dengue for 1-2 Oct 2012 (conf.) 16 cases, (susp.) 243 cases; Increasing. http://www.brecorder.com/pakistan/gener ... tals-.html
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Karachi in Sindh province can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/3DHW. - Mod.TY]
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Fleckfieber in Indien - Himachal Pradesh
SCRUB TYPHUS - INDIA (10): (HIMACHAL PRADESH) FATAL
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Date: Wed 10 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India, Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... l-colleges
Himachal Pradesh has witnessed 28 deaths due to scrub typhus during the last 2 months. It is not exactly the disease, but the delayed treatment, which is killing people, as scrub typhus can be cured by a doxycycline tablet.
One more patient died of scrub typhus on Tuesday [9 Oct 2012], taking the total count so far to 28. The deaths have also exposed lack of health facilities in Himachal Pradesh. Surprisingly, improving health infrastructure does not figure in the poll agenda of parties even in an election year, while the election campaign noise has suppressed the cries of families, who have lost their dear ones.
Over 1000 positive cases have been detected in the state so far, of which around 440 cases were reported at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, with over 255 positive cases reported from Dr Rajendra Prasad Medical College and Hospital, Tanda, in Kangra.
While opposition Congress is blaming the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] government for failing to take timely remedial measures, the government on its part is claiming that required steps have been taken to deal with the spread of scrub typhus. Health officials themselves have admitted that IgM [immunoglobulin M) ELISA [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay] test to confirm the disease is available only at 2 medical colleges, while tests done at district level [probably referring to the Weil-Felix test] are not specific [Coleman RE, Sangkasuwan V, Suwanabun N, et al. Comparative evaluation of selected diagnostic assays for the detection of IgG and IgM antibody to _Orientia tsutsugamushi_ in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Nov; 67(5): 497-503; http://www.ajtmh.org/content/67/5/497.long].
"Improving facilities in health sector has remained a non-issue for political parties in Himachal, due to which the situation has worsened in remote rural areas of the state where specialists are not available and people are dependent on paramedical staff for treatment. The situation is worse in tribal areas where doctors avoid postings," said a resident of Hinsa village in Lahaul-Spiti district.
A resident of Sion village in Sirmaur district, said that health facilities in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh are far from better. Around 17 panchayats [local governments] in Renuka dam area, spread over 26 km [16 mi] area, are without a health centre, he said. "Repeated pleas to elected representatives and state governments have fallen on deaf ears. Such is the condition that when a woman suffers labour pain, she has to be taken on a charpoy (cot) to the nearest health centre by walking a distance of 5-10 km [3-6 mi]," he said.
Himachal Pradesh health director DS Chandel said that [Weil-Felix] test done at district level is not an accurate method as they are of screening nature only. IGM ELISA test is available at Tanda and Shimla medical colleges only, he said. "We have instructed block medical officers to give doxycycline tablets to patients suffering with fever as this medicine reacts fast," he said.
Chandel said that majority of cases have been reported from Bilaspur, Chamba, and Shimla districts, but now, a few cases have come from Kinnaur and Dodra Kawar areas also. "We have held a meeting chaired by the [health secretary] to analyse the situation and take remedial measures," he added.
[byline: Anand Bodh]
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[For a discussion of scrub typhus, see a prior ProMED-mail post on this outbreak: Scrub typhus - India (06): (HP) fatal 20120906.1282795. The total number of cases and the death toll from scrub typhus continues to rise in Himachal Pradesh since the last ProMED-mail posts (Scrub typhus - India (06): (HP) fatal 20120906.1282795 and Scrub typhus - India (08): (HP) fatal, more cases 20120923.1306017).
The Weil-Felix test, an agglutination test for the diagnosis of rickettsial disease, is based on the detection of antibodies to various _Proteus_ species, which contain antigens that cross-react with rickettsial antigens. This test has poor sensitivity and specificity, but continues to be used in resource-poor regions (http://www.japi.org/august2006/O-619.pdf).
Himachal Pradesh is a mountainous state in north western India with an elevation ranging from about 350 meters (1148 feet) to 7000 meters (22 966 feet) above sea level and has one of the highest per capita incomes of any state in India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh).
Himachal Pradesh can be located on a map of India at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... dunion.htm and the districts mentioned in the report above can be seen on the map at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/himacha ... radesh.htm. A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India that shows the state of Himachal Pradesh can be found at http://healthmap.org/r/3kii. - Mod.ML]
***************************************************
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Wed 10 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India, Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... l-colleges
Himachal Pradesh has witnessed 28 deaths due to scrub typhus during the last 2 months. It is not exactly the disease, but the delayed treatment, which is killing people, as scrub typhus can be cured by a doxycycline tablet.
One more patient died of scrub typhus on Tuesday [9 Oct 2012], taking the total count so far to 28. The deaths have also exposed lack of health facilities in Himachal Pradesh. Surprisingly, improving health infrastructure does not figure in the poll agenda of parties even in an election year, while the election campaign noise has suppressed the cries of families, who have lost their dear ones.
Over 1000 positive cases have been detected in the state so far, of which around 440 cases were reported at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, with over 255 positive cases reported from Dr Rajendra Prasad Medical College and Hospital, Tanda, in Kangra.
While opposition Congress is blaming the BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] government for failing to take timely remedial measures, the government on its part is claiming that required steps have been taken to deal with the spread of scrub typhus. Health officials themselves have admitted that IgM [immunoglobulin M) ELISA [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay] test to confirm the disease is available only at 2 medical colleges, while tests done at district level [probably referring to the Weil-Felix test] are not specific [Coleman RE, Sangkasuwan V, Suwanabun N, et al. Comparative evaluation of selected diagnostic assays for the detection of IgG and IgM antibody to _Orientia tsutsugamushi_ in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Nov; 67(5): 497-503; http://www.ajtmh.org/content/67/5/497.long].
"Improving facilities in health sector has remained a non-issue for political parties in Himachal, due to which the situation has worsened in remote rural areas of the state where specialists are not available and people are dependent on paramedical staff for treatment. The situation is worse in tribal areas where doctors avoid postings," said a resident of Hinsa village in Lahaul-Spiti district.
A resident of Sion village in Sirmaur district, said that health facilities in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh are far from better. Around 17 panchayats [local governments] in Renuka dam area, spread over 26 km [16 mi] area, are without a health centre, he said. "Repeated pleas to elected representatives and state governments have fallen on deaf ears. Such is the condition that when a woman suffers labour pain, she has to be taken on a charpoy (cot) to the nearest health centre by walking a distance of 5-10 km [3-6 mi]," he said.
Himachal Pradesh health director DS Chandel said that [Weil-Felix] test done at district level is not an accurate method as they are of screening nature only. IGM ELISA test is available at Tanda and Shimla medical colleges only, he said. "We have instructed block medical officers to give doxycycline tablets to patients suffering with fever as this medicine reacts fast," he said.
Chandel said that majority of cases have been reported from Bilaspur, Chamba, and Shimla districts, but now, a few cases have come from Kinnaur and Dodra Kawar areas also. "We have held a meeting chaired by the [health secretary] to analyse the situation and take remedial measures," he added.
[byline: Anand Bodh]
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[For a discussion of scrub typhus, see a prior ProMED-mail post on this outbreak: Scrub typhus - India (06): (HP) fatal 20120906.1282795. The total number of cases and the death toll from scrub typhus continues to rise in Himachal Pradesh since the last ProMED-mail posts (Scrub typhus - India (06): (HP) fatal 20120906.1282795 and Scrub typhus - India (08): (HP) fatal, more cases 20120923.1306017).
The Weil-Felix test, an agglutination test for the diagnosis of rickettsial disease, is based on the detection of antibodies to various _Proteus_ species, which contain antigens that cross-react with rickettsial antigens. This test has poor sensitivity and specificity, but continues to be used in resource-poor regions (http://www.japi.org/august2006/O-619.pdf).
Himachal Pradesh is a mountainous state in north western India with an elevation ranging from about 350 meters (1148 feet) to 7000 meters (22 966 feet) above sea level and has one of the highest per capita incomes of any state in India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh).
Himachal Pradesh can be located on a map of India at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... dunion.htm and the districts mentioned in the report above can be seen on the map at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/himacha ... radesh.htm. A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India that shows the state of Himachal Pradesh can be found at http://healthmap.org/r/3kii. - Mod.ML]
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Malaria in Indien - Goa
MALARIA - INDIA (10): (GOA) UPDATE
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Date: Sun 14 Oct 2012
Source: Herald [edited]
http://oheraldo.in/News/Main%20Page%20N ... 65622.html
Goa has witnessed a sudden rise of malaria cases this year [2012], breaking a 4-year declining trend, even as Directorate of Health Services stated that there was no reason to panic.
When asked to explain the reason for the sudden spurt in malaria cases, Dr Sachin Govekar cited "intermittent rainfall" and the number of migrants coming in from "states where malaria is high." "If we have a large number of migrants coming in from states such as Orissa, Bengal, and other states where incidence of malaria is high, then our number (of cases) goes up as well," Govekar said.
With 3 months to go, before the end of the year [2012], the state has registered a total of 1145 cases compared to last year's [2011] total of 935 cases. September registered the 2nd highest number of cases (210) this year, with the highest number of 309 cases registered in July at the peak of the monsoon followed by August, which recorded 145 cases of malaria, according to statistics made available by Directorate of Health Services.
Out of the 210 cases of malaria, 198 were diagnosed as _Plasmodium vivax_ and 12 as _P. falciparum_.
The State Health Department had in the past made giant strides in controlling vector borne diseases since 2007 having successfully halved the number of cases each year from 6000-odd cases in the entire state to just 935 last year [2011]. That trend has now been broken.
Commenting on the trend, Dr Govekar said "We have done tremendous work in the past, and while it is true that there has been an increase this year, there is no reason to panic. The situation is under control. It is not as bad as it was before," Govekar said.
To the health department's credit there have been no deaths due to malaria this year, while there were 2 deaths recorded last year.
On the front of the other vector borne diseases, [from 18 Aug 2012 to 12 Oct 2012 one case of dengue has been detected in UHC (Urban Health Centre) Margao jurisdiction; a total of 118 samples were tested and 2 were confirmed positive for chikungunya, one each under jurisdiction of PHC (Primary Health Centre) Curchorem and Curtorim; and 7 cases were confirmed positive for Japanese encephalitis, one each under the jurisdictions of PHC Candolim, Bicholim, Betki, Sanguem, Loutolim, and Quepem, and 2 from PHC Corlim.]
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[Malaria prophylaxis has been recommended to tourists to Goa since the reports of malaria in tourists in 2007 (see below). Even though the authorities explain the increase in the number of cases by an increase in migrants from malaria endemic states, the numbers are not broken down in persons infected in Goa and infected elsewhere but diagnosed in Goa.
Maps showing the states of India can be found at http://www.mapsofindia.in/images/india- ... al-map.jpg and http://healthmap.org/r/2JK1. - Mod.EP]
**********************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Sun 14 Oct 2012
Source: Herald [edited]
http://oheraldo.in/News/Main%20Page%20N ... 65622.html
Goa has witnessed a sudden rise of malaria cases this year [2012], breaking a 4-year declining trend, even as Directorate of Health Services stated that there was no reason to panic.
When asked to explain the reason for the sudden spurt in malaria cases, Dr Sachin Govekar cited "intermittent rainfall" and the number of migrants coming in from "states where malaria is high." "If we have a large number of migrants coming in from states such as Orissa, Bengal, and other states where incidence of malaria is high, then our number (of cases) goes up as well," Govekar said.
With 3 months to go, before the end of the year [2012], the state has registered a total of 1145 cases compared to last year's [2011] total of 935 cases. September registered the 2nd highest number of cases (210) this year, with the highest number of 309 cases registered in July at the peak of the monsoon followed by August, which recorded 145 cases of malaria, according to statistics made available by Directorate of Health Services.
Out of the 210 cases of malaria, 198 were diagnosed as _Plasmodium vivax_ and 12 as _P. falciparum_.
The State Health Department had in the past made giant strides in controlling vector borne diseases since 2007 having successfully halved the number of cases each year from 6000-odd cases in the entire state to just 935 last year [2011]. That trend has now been broken.
Commenting on the trend, Dr Govekar said "We have done tremendous work in the past, and while it is true that there has been an increase this year, there is no reason to panic. The situation is under control. It is not as bad as it was before," Govekar said.
To the health department's credit there have been no deaths due to malaria this year, while there were 2 deaths recorded last year.
On the front of the other vector borne diseases, [from 18 Aug 2012 to 12 Oct 2012 one case of dengue has been detected in UHC (Urban Health Centre) Margao jurisdiction; a total of 118 samples were tested and 2 were confirmed positive for chikungunya, one each under jurisdiction of PHC (Primary Health Centre) Curchorem and Curtorim; and 7 cases were confirmed positive for Japanese encephalitis, one each under the jurisdictions of PHC Candolim, Bicholim, Betki, Sanguem, Loutolim, and Quepem, and 2 from PHC Corlim.]
--
Communicated by:
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[Malaria prophylaxis has been recommended to tourists to Goa since the reports of malaria in tourists in 2007 (see below). Even though the authorities explain the increase in the number of cases by an increase in migrants from malaria endemic states, the numbers are not broken down in persons infected in Goa and infected elsewhere but diagnosed in Goa.
Maps showing the states of India can be found at http://www.mapsofindia.in/images/india- ... al-map.jpg and http://healthmap.org/r/2JK1. - Mod.EP]
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Denguefieber in Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (51): ASIA
*********************************
A ProMED-mail post
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
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*****
- India (Delhi). 14 Oct 2012. Dengue: 393 cases; deaths: 1. Increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 44350.aspx
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- India (Odisha state). 11 Oct 2012. Dengue: 1707 cases; deaths: at least 33. Increasing.
http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetai ... -rise.html
- India (Chandigarh/Mohali area, Punjab/Haryana states). 13 Oct 2012. Dengue: 187 cases (Mohali, 100 cases confirmed, about 100 cases suspected).
http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/10/ ... s-tricity/
- India (Bangalore, Karnataka state). 10 Oct 2012. Dengue: 700 cases confirmed; deaths 8. Increasing.
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dengue-grips ... 92-62.html
- India (Pune, Maharashtra state). 8 Oct 2012. Dengue: September 2012: 137 cases confirmed; 1-4 Oct 2012: 21 cases confirmed. Increasing.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 717360.cms
[This report indicates that there is significant underreporting in this area because many private hospitals do not provide data on dengue cases. - Mod.TY]
*********************************
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*****
- India (Delhi). 14 Oct 2012. Dengue: 393 cases; deaths: 1. Increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 44350.aspx
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- India (Odisha state). 11 Oct 2012. Dengue: 1707 cases; deaths: at least 33. Increasing.
http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetai ... -rise.html
- India (Chandigarh/Mohali area, Punjab/Haryana states). 13 Oct 2012. Dengue: 187 cases (Mohali, 100 cases confirmed, about 100 cases suspected).
http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/10/ ... s-tricity/
- India (Bangalore, Karnataka state). 10 Oct 2012. Dengue: 700 cases confirmed; deaths 8. Increasing.
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dengue-grips ... 92-62.html
- India (Pune, Maharashtra state). 8 Oct 2012. Dengue: September 2012: 137 cases confirmed; 1-4 Oct 2012: 21 cases confirmed. Increasing.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 717360.cms
[This report indicates that there is significant underreporting in this area because many private hospitals do not provide data on dengue cases. - Mod.TY]
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Japanische Enzephalitis in Indien
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (17): UTTAR PRADESH, RAJASTHAN
**********************************************************************
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In this report:
[1] Uttar Pradesh state
[2] Jaipur, Rajasthan state
******
[1] Uttar Pradesh state
Date: Mon 15 Oct 2012.
Source: Monday Control [edited]
http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/wire-n ... 69212.html
In Uttar Pradesh's eastern region, 7 more children succumbed to encephalitis since last evening (14 Oct 2012), pushing the death toll from the viral infection to 433 this year, officials said. All 7 died of the viral disease in BRD Medical College Hospital here, they said.
A total of 24 patients suffering from acute encephalitis syndrome were admitted to the BRD-MCH and other government hospitals in Gorakhpur and Basti. As many as 227 people suffering from encephalitis were being treated in government hospitals in Gorakhpur and Basti, the officials said.
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******
[2] Jaipur, Rajasthan state
Date: 16 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 829459.cms
A child who was referred to J K Lon hospital here from Bansur area, Alwar, died on Monday [15 Oct 2012]. It is suspected he was suffering from viral encephalitis. He along with 6 other children had been admitted to J K Lon hospital on Sunday. Dr Rambabu Sharma said, "The test reports of the children are still awaited but they are clinically suspected cases of viral encephalitis."
One another child is serious and is in the intensive care unit (ICU). The doctors have put him on ventilator while the others are undergoing treatment in the emergency ward.
Alwar has been gripped by various diseases this year [2012], which has even taken the government off guard. Bansur MLA Rohitash Sharma said, "5 children have died in the area in last 2 days due to fever." Of the children who died on Sunday, 3 belonged to the same house. One other died on his way to Jaipur.
The doctors in Bansur's community health centre had referred the children to Jaipur's J K Lon hospital when they could not handle the situation. The community health centre did not have adequate equipment to take care of the little patients.
Meanwhile, health minister AA Khan also reached J K Lon hospital and directed the doctors to provide all facilities to the ailing children. He also met the parents of the children admitted to the hospital. MLA Rohitash Sharma too visited the hospital on Monday evening [15 Oct 2012].
The doctors said that viral encephalitis is caused by insect or mosquito bites [that transmit a virus]. Now, the medical, health and family welfare department has stepped up anti-mosquito activities in the area. Medical department sources said that directions have been issued to medical officials in Alwar to carry out fogging and other anti-larvae activities and other measures to kill mosquitoes and insects. The officials are conducting door-to-door survey in the area to find out if there are any more patients.
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[The etiological agent involved in these cases is not stated, as is often the case in these reports of encephalitis in India. The acute encephalitis syndrome mentioned in the Uttar Pradesh (UP) cases is often associated with polluted water, suggesting one or more enteroviruses might be responsible. Other past reports have implicated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The Jaipur cases, located far distant from UP, in northwest India, are associated in the above report with mosquitoes, suggesting (JEV) is responsible. In neither report is the vaccination status of the patients mentioned. India often mounts JEV vaccination campaigns in areas where outbreaks occur, such as the eastern parts of UP state.
At least 390 people, mostly children, were reported in an outbreak of viral encephalitis in UP this year as of 4 Oct 2012, according to health authorities. At that time, more than 2500 patients were admitted to government hospitals in Gorakhpur city (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20121005.1325059). Now, 11 days later fatalities have increased to 433.
An interactive HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of India showing the location of Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh state, can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/3h8J. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/1pX1.]
**********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this report:
[1] Uttar Pradesh state
[2] Jaipur, Rajasthan state
******
[1] Uttar Pradesh state
Date: Mon 15 Oct 2012.
Source: Monday Control [edited]
http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/wire-n ... 69212.html
In Uttar Pradesh's eastern region, 7 more children succumbed to encephalitis since last evening (14 Oct 2012), pushing the death toll from the viral infection to 433 this year, officials said. All 7 died of the viral disease in BRD Medical College Hospital here, they said.
A total of 24 patients suffering from acute encephalitis syndrome were admitted to the BRD-MCH and other government hospitals in Gorakhpur and Basti. As many as 227 people suffering from encephalitis were being treated in government hospitals in Gorakhpur and Basti, the officials said.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2] Jaipur, Rajasthan state
Date: 16 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 829459.cms
A child who was referred to J K Lon hospital here from Bansur area, Alwar, died on Monday [15 Oct 2012]. It is suspected he was suffering from viral encephalitis. He along with 6 other children had been admitted to J K Lon hospital on Sunday. Dr Rambabu Sharma said, "The test reports of the children are still awaited but they are clinically suspected cases of viral encephalitis."
One another child is serious and is in the intensive care unit (ICU). The doctors have put him on ventilator while the others are undergoing treatment in the emergency ward.
Alwar has been gripped by various diseases this year [2012], which has even taken the government off guard. Bansur MLA Rohitash Sharma said, "5 children have died in the area in last 2 days due to fever." Of the children who died on Sunday, 3 belonged to the same house. One other died on his way to Jaipur.
The doctors in Bansur's community health centre had referred the children to Jaipur's J K Lon hospital when they could not handle the situation. The community health centre did not have adequate equipment to take care of the little patients.
Meanwhile, health minister AA Khan also reached J K Lon hospital and directed the doctors to provide all facilities to the ailing children. He also met the parents of the children admitted to the hospital. MLA Rohitash Sharma too visited the hospital on Monday evening [15 Oct 2012].
The doctors said that viral encephalitis is caused by insect or mosquito bites [that transmit a virus]. Now, the medical, health and family welfare department has stepped up anti-mosquito activities in the area. Medical department sources said that directions have been issued to medical officials in Alwar to carry out fogging and other anti-larvae activities and other measures to kill mosquitoes and insects. The officials are conducting door-to-door survey in the area to find out if there are any more patients.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The etiological agent involved in these cases is not stated, as is often the case in these reports of encephalitis in India. The acute encephalitis syndrome mentioned in the Uttar Pradesh (UP) cases is often associated with polluted water, suggesting one or more enteroviruses might be responsible. Other past reports have implicated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The Jaipur cases, located far distant from UP, in northwest India, are associated in the above report with mosquitoes, suggesting (JEV) is responsible. In neither report is the vaccination status of the patients mentioned. India often mounts JEV vaccination campaigns in areas where outbreaks occur, such as the eastern parts of UP state.
At least 390 people, mostly children, were reported in an outbreak of viral encephalitis in UP this year as of 4 Oct 2012, according to health authorities. At that time, more than 2500 patients were admitted to government hospitals in Gorakhpur city (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20121005.1325059). Now, 11 days later fatalities have increased to 433.
An interactive HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of India showing the location of Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh state, can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/3h8J. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/1pX1.]
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Denguefieber in Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (53) ASIA
********************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
India (national)
India (Delhi)
India (Bihar state)
India (Kolkata, West Bengal state)
India (Gurgaon, Haryana state)
India (Thrissur district, Kerala state)
India (Ludhiana area, Punjab state)
India (Maharashtra state)
India (Mumbai, Maharashtra state)
India (Odisha state)
India (Ganjam district, Odisha state)
India (Chennai, Tamil Nadu state)
*****
India
-----
- India (national). 19 Oct 2012. Dengue more than 12 000 cases; deaths 77; increasing.
http://vaccinenewsdaily.com/medical_cou ... -increase/
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- India (Delhi). 20 Oct 2012. Dengue 585 cases; deaths 3; dengue virus types 1, 3.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/infan ... 3/1019517/
- India (Bihar state). 21 Oct 2012. Dengue over 100 cases; deaths (conf.) 2, (susp.) 2; increasing.
http://health.india.com/news/bihar-deng ... 100-cases/
- India (Kolkata, West Bengal state). 19 Oct 2012. Dengue deaths 60.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 871451.cms
- India Gurgaon, Haryana state). 16 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 169 cases, (susp.) 825 cases; deaths 1; increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 45223.aspx
- India (Thrissur district, Kerala state). 21 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 135 cases; increasing.
http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels ... l-shut-065
- India (Ludhiana area, Punjab state). 19 Oct 2012. Dengue 275 cases; increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Lu ... 46855.aspx
- India (Maharashtra state). 17 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 762 cases, (susp) 7608 cases; deaths 18. Mumbai city 504 cases; deaths 3.
http://zeenews.india.com/news/health/he ... 19234.html
- India (Mumbai, Maharashtra state). 17 Oct 2012, Dengue, 1st week of October 2012, 143 cases.
http://www.business-standard.com/genera ... bmc/69572/
- India (Odisha state). 16 Oct 2012. Dengue over 1700 cases; deaths 4; increasing.
http://hotnhitnews.com/Odisha-Dengue-sp ... 102012.htm
- India (Ganjam district, Odisha state). 15 Oct 2012. Dengue 368 cases; increasing.
http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editi ... trict.html
- India (Chennai, Tamil Nadu state). 20 Oct 2012. Dengue 74 cases.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/che ... 013959.ece
********************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
India (national)
India (Delhi)
India (Bihar state)
India (Kolkata, West Bengal state)
India (Gurgaon, Haryana state)
India (Thrissur district, Kerala state)
India (Ludhiana area, Punjab state)
India (Maharashtra state)
India (Mumbai, Maharashtra state)
India (Odisha state)
India (Ganjam district, Odisha state)
India (Chennai, Tamil Nadu state)
*****
India
-----
- India (national). 19 Oct 2012. Dengue more than 12 000 cases; deaths 77; increasing.
http://vaccinenewsdaily.com/medical_cou ... -increase/
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- India (Delhi). 20 Oct 2012. Dengue 585 cases; deaths 3; dengue virus types 1, 3.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/infan ... 3/1019517/
- India (Bihar state). 21 Oct 2012. Dengue over 100 cases; deaths (conf.) 2, (susp.) 2; increasing.
http://health.india.com/news/bihar-deng ... 100-cases/
- India (Kolkata, West Bengal state). 19 Oct 2012. Dengue deaths 60.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 871451.cms
- India Gurgaon, Haryana state). 16 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 169 cases, (susp.) 825 cases; deaths 1; increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 45223.aspx
- India (Thrissur district, Kerala state). 21 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 135 cases; increasing.
http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels ... l-shut-065
- India (Ludhiana area, Punjab state). 19 Oct 2012. Dengue 275 cases; increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Lu ... 46855.aspx
- India (Maharashtra state). 17 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 762 cases, (susp) 7608 cases; deaths 18. Mumbai city 504 cases; deaths 3.
http://zeenews.india.com/news/health/he ... 19234.html
- India (Mumbai, Maharashtra state). 17 Oct 2012, Dengue, 1st week of October 2012, 143 cases.
http://www.business-standard.com/genera ... bmc/69572/
- India (Odisha state). 16 Oct 2012. Dengue over 1700 cases; deaths 4; increasing.
http://hotnhitnews.com/Odisha-Dengue-sp ... 102012.htm
- India (Ganjam district, Odisha state). 15 Oct 2012. Dengue 368 cases; increasing.
http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editi ... trict.html
- India (Chennai, Tamil Nadu state). 20 Oct 2012. Dengue 74 cases.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/che ... 013959.ece
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Bisher unbekanntes Fieber in Indien - Tamil Nadu
UNDIAGNOSED FEVER - INDIA: (TAMIL NADU)
***************************************
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Date: Mon 21 Oct 2012
Source: The Hindu (Chennai) [edited]
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/che ... 017273.ece
The deaths of 2 neighbourhood women in a span of 12 hours has spread panic in Vellaraiamman Koil village near Wallajahbad, Kancheepuram district.
A 45-year-old woman died around 5 p.m. on Friday [19 Oct 2012] evening, and around 5 a.m. on Saturday morning, her neighbour (50) also died. The women were down with fever during the past week, a villager said. For nearly a fortnight now, the village of about 250 houses has been in the throes of disease, with little respite. Most of the villagers work as agricultural labourers, lorry drivers, or construction workers. Many of them have been complaining of fever, achy joints and heaviness in the head over the past few days.
A lorry driver said, "I was sick for a week and then, my family members began taking ill. Some of us have been sick for more than 10 days now. Many villagers have gone to private hospitals for treatment as the services at the Wallajabad government hospital are not good enough," he said.
A councillor from the village alleged that patients who went to the hospital were given just tablets and not administered vaccines. "People go to the government hospital 1st, and when they do not get any better, they have no option but to go to private practitioners," he said. "I was sick for sometime, and I got treated at a private clinic. I can afford the treatment, but most villagers here are casual labourers. One woman died when she was being taken to a private hospital," he said.
A visit to the hospital revealed ailing villagers were not the only visitors there. Animals, including pigs, roamed about the premises. [The source article is accompanied by a photograph -- 2nd in a series -- illustrating this situation]. "Government officials exhort us to go to government hospitals, but we are not satisfied with the treatment there. Every house here has at least 2 to 3 sick people," a resident, said.
Health officials were huddled in a meeting all day. Several attempts to reach the officials yielded no response. On Saturday [20 Oct 2012], bleaching powder was sprayed near the hospital premises, and a medical camp was held. Meanwhile, 12 persons were admitted to hospitals in the western suburbs of Ambattur and Avadi. All of them showed mild symptoms of dengue fever, said local councillors. According to residents in these areas, garbage piles and open drains turn into breeding grounds for mosquitoes. A resident of Ambattur said the government had proposed an underground drainage scheme in 2001, but no work had been taken up on that front yet.
Director of public health R.T. Porkai Pandian said there were some cases of dengue fever in Wallajabad and Vellore, but he was unable to confirm the cases reported in Ambattur and Avadi.
[Byline: R. Sujatha]
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[The description of the symptoms of this undiagnosed febrile illness is not sufficiently precise to suggest an aetiology. Dengue fever is the most likely and should be excluded before considering other possibilities. Chikungunya fever has been recorded in Tamil Nadu but is not a lethal disease by and large.
Kancheepuram is the administrative headquarters of Kanchipuram district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the banks of the river Vegavathy. Kanchipuram is 72 km (45 miles) from Chennai, the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It can be located in the map of the state of Tamil Nadu at http://www.qsl.net/v/vu2sdu/tamil.html. - Mod.CP]
[As Mod.CP points out, the lack of additional information makes a specific diagnosis of these cases difficult. Dengue virus infections are one possibility, but no indication is made if there is laboratory confirmation of that diagnosis, nor is there evidence that the illnesses and deaths are due to virus infections and not due to some other type of pathogen. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/2kP3.]
***************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Mon 21 Oct 2012
Source: The Hindu (Chennai) [edited]
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/che ... 017273.ece
The deaths of 2 neighbourhood women in a span of 12 hours has spread panic in Vellaraiamman Koil village near Wallajahbad, Kancheepuram district.
A 45-year-old woman died around 5 p.m. on Friday [19 Oct 2012] evening, and around 5 a.m. on Saturday morning, her neighbour (50) also died. The women were down with fever during the past week, a villager said. For nearly a fortnight now, the village of about 250 houses has been in the throes of disease, with little respite. Most of the villagers work as agricultural labourers, lorry drivers, or construction workers. Many of them have been complaining of fever, achy joints and heaviness in the head over the past few days.
A lorry driver said, "I was sick for a week and then, my family members began taking ill. Some of us have been sick for more than 10 days now. Many villagers have gone to private hospitals for treatment as the services at the Wallajabad government hospital are not good enough," he said.
A councillor from the village alleged that patients who went to the hospital were given just tablets and not administered vaccines. "People go to the government hospital 1st, and when they do not get any better, they have no option but to go to private practitioners," he said. "I was sick for sometime, and I got treated at a private clinic. I can afford the treatment, but most villagers here are casual labourers. One woman died when she was being taken to a private hospital," he said.
A visit to the hospital revealed ailing villagers were not the only visitors there. Animals, including pigs, roamed about the premises. [The source article is accompanied by a photograph -- 2nd in a series -- illustrating this situation]. "Government officials exhort us to go to government hospitals, but we are not satisfied with the treatment there. Every house here has at least 2 to 3 sick people," a resident, said.
Health officials were huddled in a meeting all day. Several attempts to reach the officials yielded no response. On Saturday [20 Oct 2012], bleaching powder was sprayed near the hospital premises, and a medical camp was held. Meanwhile, 12 persons were admitted to hospitals in the western suburbs of Ambattur and Avadi. All of them showed mild symptoms of dengue fever, said local councillors. According to residents in these areas, garbage piles and open drains turn into breeding grounds for mosquitoes. A resident of Ambattur said the government had proposed an underground drainage scheme in 2001, but no work had been taken up on that front yet.
Director of public health R.T. Porkai Pandian said there were some cases of dengue fever in Wallajabad and Vellore, but he was unable to confirm the cases reported in Ambattur and Avadi.
[Byline: R. Sujatha]
--
Communicated by:
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<promed@promedmail.org>
[The description of the symptoms of this undiagnosed febrile illness is not sufficiently precise to suggest an aetiology. Dengue fever is the most likely and should be excluded before considering other possibilities. Chikungunya fever has been recorded in Tamil Nadu but is not a lethal disease by and large.
Kancheepuram is the administrative headquarters of Kanchipuram district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the banks of the river Vegavathy. Kanchipuram is 72 km (45 miles) from Chennai, the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It can be located in the map of the state of Tamil Nadu at http://www.qsl.net/v/vu2sdu/tamil.html. - Mod.CP]
[As Mod.CP points out, the lack of additional information makes a specific diagnosis of these cases difficult. Dengue virus infections are one possibility, but no indication is made if there is laboratory confirmation of that diagnosis, nor is there evidence that the illnesses and deaths are due to virus infections and not due to some other type of pathogen. - Mod.TY
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/2kP3.]
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Japanische Enzephalitis in Indien - Uttar Pradesh
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (18): UTTAR PRADESH
***********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Mon 22 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... cephalitis
When a man had a little money saved, over 10 years ago, he installed a handpump outside his small house in Badhariya village. The 1st he heard of the handpump being too shallow was when his 9-year-old daughter died of encephalitis this year [2012] and the grieving father was told it was because of the water she had drunk from the handpump.
With water-borne acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) now making up close to 95 per cent of the encephalitis cases across eastern Uttar Pradesh, there is a renewed focus on the water the area's children are drinking. "The big problem in this area is that since it is low-lying and surrounded by rivers, the water table is very high, which makes contamination easier," says Gorakhpur's district magistrate Ravi Kumar NG.
Milind Gore, who heads the National Institute of Virology's Gorakhpur research unit, says water samples taken by them near handpumps in affected areas have shown the presence of enteroviruses, which can cause AES.
An important part of the administration's work to prevent encephalitis is discouraging people from using these handpumps and installing India Mark II pumps. "We have been sanctioned Rs 160 crore [USD 34 309 018] for improving drinking water, through which 4600 handpumps are being installed in Gorakhpur district alone," says Kumar.
But while the shallow handpump is now accepted as the villain in the piece, residents say they had to take no permissions while installing handpumps, many of them up to 25 years ago. "We got the contractor to put in a handpump, and when he hit water, he stopped. How would village people know how deep to put it in?" says a man, whose brother lost his infant daughter to AES 12 days ago.
"No one has ever told us there is any problem with our handpump," says a woman of Bargadahi village in Gorakhpur. Her 6-year-old daughter was hospitalized with AES a month ago but has largely recovered. The entire family still drinks water from the same handpump outside their house.
In other villages, some of the deeper handpumps installed by the government are located inside the compounds of the better off, often upper caste, residents of the village, a problem the district administration too acknowledges. Against this backdrop, the Centre's continued insistence on improved handpumps in an area in which groundwater poses problems seems fraught with danger.
[Byline: Rukmini Shrinivasan]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall
[Conflicting reports of the etiology of these acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases continue. The above report, and several previous ones of AES, have associated the disease with contaminated water, implying enterovirus etiology. The above report, for the 1st time, explicitly states that enteroviruses are responsible, with improved pumps being offered as the preventive approach.
However, the 16 Oct 2012 report stated, "The doctors said that viral encephalitis is caused by insect or mosquito bites [that transmit a virus]. Now, the medical, health and family welfare department has stepped up anti-mosquito activities in the area. Medical department sources said that directions have been issued to medical officials in Alwar to carry out fogging and other anti-larvae activities and other measures to kill mosquitoes and insects," to prevent transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus (See ProMED-mail archive no .20121016.1347211). Previous reports also indicated that JEV was responsible for a significant proportion of the AES cases treated.
At least 390 people, mostly children, were reported in an outbreak of viral encephalitis in UP this year as of 4 Oct 2012, according to health authorities. At that time, more than 2500 patients were admitted to government hospitals in Gorakhpur city (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20121005.1325059). Fatalities at that time increased to 433.
An interactive HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of India showing the location of Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh state, can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/3h8J. - Mod.TY]
[The India Mk2 hand pump
http://www.skipumps.com/mark2_details.htm. - Mod.JW]
***********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Mon 22 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... cephalitis
When a man had a little money saved, over 10 years ago, he installed a handpump outside his small house in Badhariya village. The 1st he heard of the handpump being too shallow was when his 9-year-old daughter died of encephalitis this year [2012] and the grieving father was told it was because of the water she had drunk from the handpump.
With water-borne acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) now making up close to 95 per cent of the encephalitis cases across eastern Uttar Pradesh, there is a renewed focus on the water the area's children are drinking. "The big problem in this area is that since it is low-lying and surrounded by rivers, the water table is very high, which makes contamination easier," says Gorakhpur's district magistrate Ravi Kumar NG.
Milind Gore, who heads the National Institute of Virology's Gorakhpur research unit, says water samples taken by them near handpumps in affected areas have shown the presence of enteroviruses, which can cause AES.
An important part of the administration's work to prevent encephalitis is discouraging people from using these handpumps and installing India Mark II pumps. "We have been sanctioned Rs 160 crore [USD 34 309 018] for improving drinking water, through which 4600 handpumps are being installed in Gorakhpur district alone," says Kumar.
But while the shallow handpump is now accepted as the villain in the piece, residents say they had to take no permissions while installing handpumps, many of them up to 25 years ago. "We got the contractor to put in a handpump, and when he hit water, he stopped. How would village people know how deep to put it in?" says a man, whose brother lost his infant daughter to AES 12 days ago.
"No one has ever told us there is any problem with our handpump," says a woman of Bargadahi village in Gorakhpur. Her 6-year-old daughter was hospitalized with AES a month ago but has largely recovered. The entire family still drinks water from the same handpump outside their house.
In other villages, some of the deeper handpumps installed by the government are located inside the compounds of the better off, often upper caste, residents of the village, a problem the district administration too acknowledges. Against this backdrop, the Centre's continued insistence on improved handpumps in an area in which groundwater poses problems seems fraught with danger.
[Byline: Rukmini Shrinivasan]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall
[Conflicting reports of the etiology of these acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases continue. The above report, and several previous ones of AES, have associated the disease with contaminated water, implying enterovirus etiology. The above report, for the 1st time, explicitly states that enteroviruses are responsible, with improved pumps being offered as the preventive approach.
However, the 16 Oct 2012 report stated, "The doctors said that viral encephalitis is caused by insect or mosquito bites [that transmit a virus]. Now, the medical, health and family welfare department has stepped up anti-mosquito activities in the area. Medical department sources said that directions have been issued to medical officials in Alwar to carry out fogging and other anti-larvae activities and other measures to kill mosquitoes and insects," to prevent transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus (See ProMED-mail archive no .20121016.1347211). Previous reports also indicated that JEV was responsible for a significant proportion of the AES cases treated.
At least 390 people, mostly children, were reported in an outbreak of viral encephalitis in UP this year as of 4 Oct 2012, according to health authorities. At that time, more than 2500 patients were admitted to government hospitals in Gorakhpur city (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20121005.1325059). Fatalities at that time increased to 433.
An interactive HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of India showing the location of Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh state, can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/3h8J. - Mod.TY]
[The India Mk2 hand pump
http://www.skipumps.com/mark2_details.htm. - Mod.JW]
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Fleckfieber in Indien - Rajasthan
SCRUB TYPHUS - INDIA (11): (RAJASTHAN) FATAL, REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*********************************************************************
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http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Thu 25 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India, Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 946504.cms
One more scrub typhus patient died in the state taking the death toll due to the disease to 14. The medical health and family welfare department confirmed a scrub typhus death in Bundi district after which teams of the department inspected the Nainwa area of the district. Bundi chief medical health officer Dr OP Verma on Wednesday [24 Oct 2012] claimed that the situation is not alarming, as no more cases of scrub typhus have been found in the area. The department officials had conducted a door-to-door survey of the area on Tuesday [23 Oct 2012] to find out if there are more cases of the disease in the area. The officials only found patients suffering from fever and other illness.
The health department is taking help of the agriculture department to keep the area safe from various kinds of diseases due to unhygienic conditions. Dr Verma said the agriculture department would inform people in the area of what kind of chemicals they can use to kill mites and other microorganisms that cause illness.
The cases of scrub typhus were first reported in Alwar and since then several cases have already been reported from 11 other districts. The other districts are Ajmer, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Dausa, Dholpur, Jaipur, Karouli, Sikar, Sawai, Madhopur, and Tonk.
A health department official said scrub typhus is a new disease [in the state?] and than 140 cases have already been reported from various parts of the state. So far, 14 deaths have been reported. The department has taken measures to control the spread of the disease, including creating awareness about the new disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The current report says that there is a total of 14 deaths due to scrub typhus in 12 of 33 districts in the Indian state of Rajasthan. However, in a prior ProMED-mail post in September 2012 concerning scrub typhus in Rajasthan (Scrub typhus - India (07): (RJ) fatal, susp. 20120917.1297397), scrub typhus was said to have claimed 36 lives in just 2 districts, 30 in Alwar district and 6 in Dausa district. For a map showing the location of Rajasthan districts, see http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/rajasthan/districts/.
This discrepancy in number of scrub typhus deaths could be in part due to difficulties in establishing a diagnosis of scrub typhus. Scrub typhus commonly presents as a nonspecific febrile illness. In regions lacking the capacity for laboratory confirmation, a diagnosis based only on clinical findings is likely to be inaccurate. The Weil-Felix test is an agglutination test based on the detection of antibodies to various _Proteus_ species, which contain antigens that cross-react with rickettsial antigens. The Weil-Felix test, which continues to be used for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in resource-poor regions, has, however, poor sensitivity and specificity (http://www.japi.org/august2006/O-619.pdf).
The gold standard is the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay, but the fluorescence microscopes that are required for performance of this assay are not often available in resource-poor settings where scrub typhus is endemic. These difficulties are alluded to in a prior news report that refers to blood samples being collected in Rajasthan districts by a team from the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) based in New Delhi (ProMED-mail post Scrub typhus - India (07): (RJ) fatal, susp. 20120917.1297397).
For a discussion of scrub typhus, see a prior ProMED-mail post on this outbreak: Scrub typhus - India (07): (RJ) fatal, susp. 20120917.1297397. Humans become infected with _Orientia tsutsugamushi_, a rickettsia-like microorganisms that is the cause of scrub typhus, when they accidentally encroach in an area where the chigger-rodent cycle is occurring, most often areas of low-lying scrub brush or transitional vegetation [and get bitten by the mites]. Rodents may serve as reservoirs, although transovarial transmission in mites is the dominant mechanism for maintenance of _O. tsutsugamushi_ (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no12/03-0212.htm).
Rajasthan is located in northwestern India, bordered by Pakistan to the west. For a map of India showing the state of Rajasthan, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:India ... or_map.svg.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be found at http://healthmap.org/r/2Arc. - Mod.ML]
[Scrub typhus life cycle
http://armymedical.tpub.com/MD0152/MD01520183im.jpg. - Mod.JW]
*********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Thu 25 Oct 2012
Source: The Times of India, Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 946504.cms
One more scrub typhus patient died in the state taking the death toll due to the disease to 14. The medical health and family welfare department confirmed a scrub typhus death in Bundi district after which teams of the department inspected the Nainwa area of the district. Bundi chief medical health officer Dr OP Verma on Wednesday [24 Oct 2012] claimed that the situation is not alarming, as no more cases of scrub typhus have been found in the area. The department officials had conducted a door-to-door survey of the area on Tuesday [23 Oct 2012] to find out if there are more cases of the disease in the area. The officials only found patients suffering from fever and other illness.
The health department is taking help of the agriculture department to keep the area safe from various kinds of diseases due to unhygienic conditions. Dr Verma said the agriculture department would inform people in the area of what kind of chemicals they can use to kill mites and other microorganisms that cause illness.
The cases of scrub typhus were first reported in Alwar and since then several cases have already been reported from 11 other districts. The other districts are Ajmer, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Dausa, Dholpur, Jaipur, Karouli, Sikar, Sawai, Madhopur, and Tonk.
A health department official said scrub typhus is a new disease [in the state?] and than 140 cases have already been reported from various parts of the state. So far, 14 deaths have been reported. The department has taken measures to control the spread of the disease, including creating awareness about the new disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The current report says that there is a total of 14 deaths due to scrub typhus in 12 of 33 districts in the Indian state of Rajasthan. However, in a prior ProMED-mail post in September 2012 concerning scrub typhus in Rajasthan (Scrub typhus - India (07): (RJ) fatal, susp. 20120917.1297397), scrub typhus was said to have claimed 36 lives in just 2 districts, 30 in Alwar district and 6 in Dausa district. For a map showing the location of Rajasthan districts, see http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/rajasthan/districts/.
This discrepancy in number of scrub typhus deaths could be in part due to difficulties in establishing a diagnosis of scrub typhus. Scrub typhus commonly presents as a nonspecific febrile illness. In regions lacking the capacity for laboratory confirmation, a diagnosis based only on clinical findings is likely to be inaccurate. The Weil-Felix test is an agglutination test based on the detection of antibodies to various _Proteus_ species, which contain antigens that cross-react with rickettsial antigens. The Weil-Felix test, which continues to be used for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in resource-poor regions, has, however, poor sensitivity and specificity (http://www.japi.org/august2006/O-619.pdf).
The gold standard is the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay, but the fluorescence microscopes that are required for performance of this assay are not often available in resource-poor settings where scrub typhus is endemic. These difficulties are alluded to in a prior news report that refers to blood samples being collected in Rajasthan districts by a team from the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) based in New Delhi (ProMED-mail post Scrub typhus - India (07): (RJ) fatal, susp. 20120917.1297397).
For a discussion of scrub typhus, see a prior ProMED-mail post on this outbreak: Scrub typhus - India (07): (RJ) fatal, susp. 20120917.1297397. Humans become infected with _Orientia tsutsugamushi_, a rickettsia-like microorganisms that is the cause of scrub typhus, when they accidentally encroach in an area where the chigger-rodent cycle is occurring, most often areas of low-lying scrub brush or transitional vegetation [and get bitten by the mites]. Rodents may serve as reservoirs, although transovarial transmission in mites is the dominant mechanism for maintenance of _O. tsutsugamushi_ (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no12/03-0212.htm).
Rajasthan is located in northwestern India, bordered by Pakistan to the west. For a map of India showing the state of Rajasthan, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:India ... or_map.svg.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be found at http://healthmap.org/r/2Arc. - Mod.ML]
[Scrub typhus life cycle
http://armymedical.tpub.com/MD0152/MD01520183im.jpg. - Mod.JW]
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Birgitt
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- Beiträge: 35260
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Denguefieber in Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (55): ASIA
********************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
India: various reports
- Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state
- Chandigarh area, Punjab state
- Delhi area
- Faridabad, Haryana state
- Pune, Maharashtra state
- Mumbai, Maharashtra state
- Karnataka state
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state
******
India: various reports
- Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state. 23 Oct 2012. Dengue 206 cases. Increasing. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 922956.cms
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- Chandigarh area, Punjab state. 26 Oct 2012. Dengue 347 cases; deaths, 5. Increasing.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/despi ... g/1022102/
- Delhi area. 28 Oct 2012. Dengue 910 cases; deaths 2.
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/38-fresh-den ... 3-244.html
- Faridabad, Haryana state. 24 Oct 2012. Dengue 720 cases; deaths 1. Increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 49211.aspx
- Pune, Maharashtra state. 27 Oct 2012. Dengue approximately 300 cases; deaths 3.
http://post.jagran.com/after-mumbai-pun ... 1351319766
- Mumbai, Maharashtra state. 22 Oct 2012. Dengue 647 cases; deaths 4. Increasing.
http://post.jagran.com/yash-chopras-dea ... 1350889439
- Karnataka state. 26 Oct 2012. Dengue 3140 cases; deaths 21; Declining; Bangalore area: 1043 cases; deaths 8.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/ban ... 033714.ece
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state. Dengue 61 cases; deaths 4.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 976335.cms
********************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
India: various reports
- Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state
- Chandigarh area, Punjab state
- Delhi area
- Faridabad, Haryana state
- Pune, Maharashtra state
- Mumbai, Maharashtra state
- Karnataka state
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state
******
India: various reports
- Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state. 23 Oct 2012. Dengue 206 cases. Increasing. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 922956.cms
[Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
- Chandigarh area, Punjab state. 26 Oct 2012. Dengue 347 cases; deaths, 5. Increasing.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/despi ... g/1022102/
- Delhi area. 28 Oct 2012. Dengue 910 cases; deaths 2.
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/38-fresh-den ... 3-244.html
- Faridabad, Haryana state. 24 Oct 2012. Dengue 720 cases; deaths 1. Increasing.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-new ... 49211.aspx
- Pune, Maharashtra state. 27 Oct 2012. Dengue approximately 300 cases; deaths 3.
http://post.jagran.com/after-mumbai-pun ... 1351319766
- Mumbai, Maharashtra state. 22 Oct 2012. Dengue 647 cases; deaths 4. Increasing.
http://post.jagran.com/yash-chopras-dea ... 1350889439
- Karnataka state. 26 Oct 2012. Dengue 3140 cases; deaths 21; Declining; Bangalore area: 1043 cases; deaths 8.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/ban ... 033714.ece
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state. Dengue 61 cases; deaths 4.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 976335.cms
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Cholera in Indien und Irak
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2012 (47): ASIA
**************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
*****
[1] Cholera - India (Karnataka State)
Date: Mon 22 Oct 2012
Source: Deccan Herald [edited]
http://www.deccanherald.com/content/287 ... a-hit.html
The [Sadalaga] district administration has declared the villages around Sadalaga in Chikodi taluk [administrative division. - Mod.LL] as a cholera-hit zone. The measure comes following the death of 4 people after they consumed contaminated water. More than 170 people who took ill due to the consumption of tainted water have now been admitted to various hospitals in the taluk.
The DC [district commissioner] has asked residents to drink only boiled water. The sale of cut fruits in the open has been banned. The gram panchayat [rural local government] secretaries have been directed to take measures to ensure sanitation and hygiene in the villages.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be found at http://healthmap.org/r/3-xH. - Mod.LL]
******
[2] Cholera - Iraq (Sulaimaniya, Kirkuk provinces)
Date: Sun 14 Oct 2012
Source: Ma'an News, Reuters report [edited]
http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=528799
Iraqi authorities said a cholera outbreak that killed 4 people had been controlled, blaming contaminated water in a country still struggling with dilapidated infrastructure. The victims were mostly in Iraq's northern Kurdistan region, where another 272 people were confirmed with the illness, Kurdistan's Health Minister Rekawt Hama Rasheed said on Sun 14 Oct 2012.
"We can say the epidemic is under control and the situation has returned to normal," Rasheed said in a statement.
Cholera is not uncommon in Iraq. In 2007 at least 24 people died and more than 4000 cases were diagnosed with the illness. The country's water and sewerage systems are outdated and its infrastructure development has been hindered by years of war and neglect.
The minister said the source of the cholera was polluted water mainly from a dam and a well in Sulaimaniya province.
Iraq's central government health minister, Majeed Hamad Amin, said cholera cases appeared every 3-4 years mostly because of polluted water from unsafe sources.
Another 15 people were diagnosed with the disease in Kirkuk.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Maps of Iraq can be seen at http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... e/iraq.pdf and http://healthmap.org/r/1E75. - Mod.LL]
**************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
*****
[1] Cholera - India (Karnataka State)
Date: Mon 22 Oct 2012
Source: Deccan Herald [edited]
http://www.deccanherald.com/content/287 ... a-hit.html
The [Sadalaga] district administration has declared the villages around Sadalaga in Chikodi taluk [administrative division. - Mod.LL] as a cholera-hit zone. The measure comes following the death of 4 people after they consumed contaminated water. More than 170 people who took ill due to the consumption of tainted water have now been admitted to various hospitals in the taluk.
The DC [district commissioner] has asked residents to drink only boiled water. The sale of cut fruits in the open has been banned. The gram panchayat [rural local government] secretaries have been directed to take measures to ensure sanitation and hygiene in the villages.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be found at http://healthmap.org/r/3-xH. - Mod.LL]
******
[2] Cholera - Iraq (Sulaimaniya, Kirkuk provinces)
Date: Sun 14 Oct 2012
Source: Ma'an News, Reuters report [edited]
http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=528799
Iraqi authorities said a cholera outbreak that killed 4 people had been controlled, blaming contaminated water in a country still struggling with dilapidated infrastructure. The victims were mostly in Iraq's northern Kurdistan region, where another 272 people were confirmed with the illness, Kurdistan's Health Minister Rekawt Hama Rasheed said on Sun 14 Oct 2012.
"We can say the epidemic is under control and the situation has returned to normal," Rasheed said in a statement.
Cholera is not uncommon in Iraq. In 2007 at least 24 people died and more than 4000 cases were diagnosed with the illness. The country's water and sewerage systems are outdated and its infrastructure development has been hindered by years of war and neglect.
The minister said the source of the cholera was polluted water mainly from a dam and a well in Sulaimaniya province.
Iraq's central government health minister, Majeed Hamad Amin, said cholera cases appeared every 3-4 years mostly because of polluted water from unsafe sources.
Another 15 people were diagnosed with the disease in Kirkuk.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[Maps of Iraq can be seen at http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... e/iraq.pdf and http://healthmap.org/r/1E75. - Mod.LL]
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Denguefieber in Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (57): ASIA
*********************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
Cases in India:
- Delhi area
- Bihar state
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state
- Haridwar district, Uttarakhand state
- Maharashtra state
- Chandigarh area, Haryana/Punjab states
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh state
******
Cases in India:
- Delhi area. 4 Nov 2012. Dengue 1135 cases; deaths 2. Increasing.
http://www.dailypioneer.com/sunday-edit ... ected.html
- Bihar state. 2 Nov 2012. Dengue 250 cases; deaths 3. Affected districts: Bhagalpur (conf.) 152; Patna 67 cases. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/seven ... d/1025426/
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state. 3 Nov 2012. Dengue 80 cases; deaths 4. Increasing.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 070604.cms
- Haridwar district, Uttarakhand state. 31 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 58 cases. Increasing.
http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/1055 ... break.html
- Maharashtra state. 1 Nov 2012. Dengue (conf.) 931 cases; deaths 34; Pune area since August 2012, 440 cases; deaths 5. Increasing.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/five- ... s/1025022/
- Chandigarh area, Haryana/Punjab states. 26 Oct 2012. Dengue 347 cases; deaths, 5. Increasing.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/despi ... g/1022102/
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh state. 27 Oct 2012. Dengue 151 cases; Increase.
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... ne-disease
--
Communicated by
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Some of the cases above are new cases that are part of ongoing outbreaks reported previously in ProMED-mail postings.
Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
*********************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
Cases in India:
- Delhi area
- Bihar state
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state
- Haridwar district, Uttarakhand state
- Maharashtra state
- Chandigarh area, Haryana/Punjab states
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh state
******
Cases in India:
- Delhi area. 4 Nov 2012. Dengue 1135 cases; deaths 2. Increasing.
http://www.dailypioneer.com/sunday-edit ... ected.html
- Bihar state. 2 Nov 2012. Dengue 250 cases; deaths 3. Affected districts: Bhagalpur (conf.) 152; Patna 67 cases. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/seven ... d/1025426/
- Bokaro, Jharkhand state. 3 Nov 2012. Dengue 80 cases; deaths 4. Increasing.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 070604.cms
- Haridwar district, Uttarakhand state. 31 Oct 2012. Dengue (conf.) 58 cases. Increasing.
http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/1055 ... break.html
- Maharashtra state. 1 Nov 2012. Dengue (conf.) 931 cases; deaths 34; Pune area since August 2012, 440 cases; deaths 5. Increasing.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/five- ... s/1025022/
- Chandigarh area, Haryana/Punjab states. 26 Oct 2012. Dengue 347 cases; deaths, 5. Increasing.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/despi ... g/1022102/
- Noida, Uttar Pradesh state. 27 Oct 2012. Dengue 151 cases; Increase.
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... ne-disease
--
Communicated by
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Some of the cases above are new cases that are part of ongoing outbreaks reported previously in ProMED-mail postings.
Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/i ... al-map.htm and http://healthmap.org/r/1pSH. - Mod.TY]
