Wüstenschiff

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - INDIA
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Date: 12 Jun 2011
Source: BNlive [edited]
<http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/n ... 23458.html>


An anthrax scare has gripped Orissa's tribal dominated Kandhamal, as
at least 12 people, including children, were affected by the dreaded
disease in Tumudibandh block of the district, official sources said.

The condition of 2 of the 12 patients at Guchua village in Gumma
Grama Panchayat, where the disease surfaced 3 days ago, was stated to
be critical, Additional District Medical Officer (Public Health),
Jatin Patnaik, said. Both the patients were admitted to hospital at
Tumudibandha, and the rest of the affected people were being treated
at their houses in isolated rooms, as the disease is highly contagious
[sic: It is not. - Mod.MHJ], Patnaik said.

The disease has created panic in the locality, but steps have been
taken to check its further spread, he said. The disease broke out in
the remote village with a population of only 120, including 48 people
from Kutia Kondh (a primitive tribe), apparently due to consumption of
rotten beef and pork, sources said. [On] receiving the information, a
health team from Phulbani, led by CDMO N C Behera, and a mobile health
team from Balliguda rushed to the village and geared up preventive
measures. All houses were disinfected with DDT and bleaching powder.
The team also collected skin smears and blood samples from the
affected people for medical examination. The villagers were also
advised not to take rotten beef and pork and to keep away from the
patients. Rotten dried pieces of beef and pork were also found in some
houses and destroyed, Dr Patnaik reported.

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[Fresh or rotten, it is inadvisable to handle or consume meat from
animals sick or dead from anthrax. Outbreaks in Orissa have been
regularly reported to OIE since 2004. - Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - INDIA (02): (ORISSA)
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Date: Wed 15 Jun 2011
Source: IBNLive, The New Indian Express report [edited]
<http://ibnlive.in.com/news/anthrax-scar ... 0-117.html>


Anthrax is fast spreading in different villages of Tumudibandh block
in Kandhamal district [Orissa state]. The outbreak was first reported
in Sanaguchuka village in Gumma panchayat and 10 days later, it has
spread to 10 more villages under Bilamala and Belaghar panchayats.

The swab and blood tests of 4 persons from the affected villages were
found positive on Monday [13 Jun 2011]. Even the blood samples and
swabs sent for tests last week were found positive. The disease has so
far affected 25 persons.

Meanwhile, health camps have been opened in Badaguchuka and
Sanaguchuka. The health officials [reported] that steps have been
initiated to disinfect water bodies in the affected areas and the
inhabitants have been asked not to consume dry meat.

The condition of the affected persons who were admitted to MKCG
Medical College and Hospital is stated to be stable.

--
Communicated by:
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[If they are disinfecting 'water bodies' the authorities must have
been pulling carcasses out of the said water bodies. Dried meat can be
a significant risk because by drying the meat from infected animals
the vegetative cells are given this opportunity to sporulate. And as
this dry meat (jerky for Americans) gets stored and sold in street
markets near and far vastly increasing the public health risks. -
Mod.MHJ]

[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0ZiP>. A map of Orissa showing the location of
Kandhamal district can be seen at
<http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/e ... _map_s.jpg>. -
Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, BOVINE - GUINEA-BISSAU (OIO, BIOMBO)
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Date: Thu 9 Jun 2011
Source: Romandie News, Agence France-Presse (AFP) report [in French,
trans. Mod.MPP, edited]
<http://www.africatime.com/gb/nouvelle.a ... rie=PRESSE>


Anthrax, affecting both animals and humans, has caused the deaths of
4 persons who ate contaminated meat in Guinea-Bissau, official sources
from the Guinea-Bissau health sector told AFP on Wednesday [8 Jun
2011].

The Veterinary Services Branch of Guinea-Bissau said in communique
that 3 of the deaths were reported last week [week of 6 Jun 2011] in
Mbunhe a locality in the Bissora area [Oio region] (approximately 70
km [44 mi] north of Bissau).

According to the same source, the victims attended a traditional
circumcision ceremony, [where they ate] meat from an anthrax infected
cow. On Mon [6 Jun 2011], a 4th death from the same disease has been
notified in Biombo (in the west of the country), and this person had
also consumed contaminated meat.

Anthrax was reported in February [2011] in the Bissora sector, and
very quickly spread in the Bafata and Gabu regions, more to the east,
the excellent livestock rearing [part of the country] explained the
director of the Veterinary Services, Bernardo Cassama to AFP.

A total of 50 cattle died in these 2 regions, of which 40 were in
Gabu, which provides much of the meat sold in the capital, Bissau.

Health authorities have called on the population of Guinea-Bissau to
consume only meat certified as fit for consumption by the relevant
departments.

There are many illegal slaughterhouses which are beyond our control.
For this reason we ask people to be vigilant, our agents are in the
field working on a vaccination and education campaign, said Cassama.

Caused by a bacterium called _Bacillus anthracis_, anthrax infects
primarily herbivorous animals, but can occur in other mammals and some
birds. It is transmitted to humans directly or indirectly from
infected animals or by consumption of contaminated products and can
cause death if not treated quickly.

--
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[Anthrax is extensively under-reported by the Guinea-Bissau
authorities. It is revealing that in spite of prior extensive
livestock outbreaks this only got reported when there were 4 human
deaths. And the livestock services are not, apparently, initiating
even a minimal reactive livestock vaccination programme. This is the
1st anthrax report we have posted for Guinea-Bissau. - Mod.MHJ]

[It is now recognized that adherence to the concept of "One Health,
One Medicine" is essential to better control those diseases in animals
that are transmissible to humans. This approach uses the collaboration
of various experts, including those from animal health and human
health. Emerging infectious diseases are mainly zoonoses such as
anthrax, for example. It is essential to ensure good surveillance of
these diseases to be able to better prevent and control them. The
animal health experts and human health experts both at the level of
teaching and research, need support to build trust and strengthen
their capacities in terms of information exchange and collaboration.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European
Centre for Prevention and Disease Control (ECDC) 75 percent of newly
emerging diseases that affected humans are from animal origin. Some of
these agents present a high risk to public health because both of
their pathogenicity to man and the diversity in the means of
transmission which can potentially create a worldwide problem. This
information gives an idea of the magnitude of the "zoonotic pressure"
that is potentially exerted on humans.
<http://www.consulfrance-quebec.org/spip ... ticle14630>
<http://www.invs.sante.fr/beh/2010/hs/beh_hs.pdf>

Involving both human medicine and veterinary medicine, zoonoses
require an integrated and coordinated approach to epidemiological
surveillance, to collect good quality epidemiological data, put in
place means of detection of emerging diseases, and implement
coordinated control programs between the sectors.

Other articles of interest are available at
<http://tinyurl.com/3mywt52> and
<http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis>. - Mod.GNA (in
French, trans. Mod.MPP, edited)]

[Maps of Guinea-Bissau can be seen at
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/ma ... ineabi.pdf> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/0ZiO>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, BOVINE - KYRGYZSTAN (JALALABAD)
***********************************************
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Date: 16 Jun 2011
Source: 24.kg News Agency [edited]
<http://eng.24.kg/community/2011/06/16/18733.html>


2 persons take (have) anthrax in Jalal-Abad province, S. Kyrgyzstan
-------------------------------------------------------------------
2 persons in Jalal-Abad province are suspected to (have) anthrax,
according to the press-service of the Emergency Situations Ministry.

Reportedly, on 6 Jun 2011 one of farmers distributed the meat of the
cattle with assent of the local animal doctor at Kolmon pasture. To
date the number of people [who] consumed the meat is being
established. The meat was sent for examination to the
sanitary-epidemiological inspection service in Jalal-Abad city while
assays of the infected persons are sent to the [public health]
laboratory in Osh city.

--
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[An all too common occurrence in Southern Kyrgyzstan. The problem is
that this bovine disease is not controlled in the bordering Uzbek
province and the 2 provinces weak control programmes (Jala Abad and
Osh) create a setting that feeds off of each others weaknesses.

To find Jalal-Abad, go to:
<http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/03/JalalAbad.html>.

[For a map demonstrating the proximity of Jala Abad, Osh and
Uzbekistan bordering areas see
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwe ... _rel96.jpg>. -
Mods.MHJ/MPP]]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - INDIA (03): (ORISSA)
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[1]
Date: 16 Jun 2011
Source: The New India Express [edited]
<http://ibnlive.in.com/news/anthrax-scar ... 0-117.html>


Anthrax scare: Swab tests found positive
----------------------------------------
Anthrax is fast spreading in different villages of Tumudibandh block
in Kandhamal district. The outbreak was 1st reported in Sanaguchuka
village in Gumma panchayat and 10 days later, it has spread to 10 more
villages under Bilamala and Belaghar panchayats.

The swab and blood tests of 4 persons from the affected villages were
found positive on Monday [13 Jun 2011]. Even the blood samples and
swabs sent for tests last week were found positive. The disease has so
far affected 25 persons.

Meanwhile, health camps have been opened in Badaguchuka and
Sanaguchuka. The health officials informed that steps have been
initiated to disinfect water bodies in the affected areas and the
inhabitants have been asked not to consume dry meat.

Condition of the affected persons who were admitted to MKCG Medical
College and Hospital is stated to be stable.

--
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ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

******
[2]
Date: 18 Jun 2011
Source: The New India Express [edited]
<http://ibnlive.in.com/news/seven-more-a ... 0-117.html>


More anthrax cases reported
----------------------------------------
MKCG Medical College and Hospital here received another 7 persons
with symptoms of anthrax on Thursday night [16 Jun 2011]. They belong
to Mahulpada village. Anthrax scare gripped Kandhamal district after 8
persons of Guchuka were shifted to Berhampur for treatment on 11 Jun
2011. Swab and blood tests of 4 affected persons were found positive.
As many as 25 persons of villages in Tumudibandh block have contracted
the disease.

The disease reportedly affected the villagers after they consumed
meat of dead animals. The disease has claimed many animals and a
veterinarian from Cuttack has reached the affected areas to assess the
situation.

The spread of the disease, despite Government's claims that the
situation is under control, has many villagers packing bags for some
safer localities.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Government actions reported in previous posts seems to be having
negligible benefits as human and livestock cases continue.

To find Berhampur, go to:
<http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Brahmapur.html>
- Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - INDIA (04): (ORISSA)
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Date: Sun 19 Jun 2011
Source: IBNLive, Press Trust of India (PTI) report [edited]
<http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/n ... 30731.html>


Man dies of suspected anthrax
-----------------------------
One person from Kandhamal district who was undergoing treatment for
suspected anthrax, died at a hospital [in Berhampur, Orissa], official
sources said today [19 Jun 2011]. The deceased ... of Bada Guchhuka
village in Kandhamal died at the MKCG Medical College Hospital [in
Berhampur] last night, Kandhamal CDMO [chief district medical officer]
NC Behera said.

While Majhi along with 6 others were admitted in the hospital last
week [week of 13 Jun 2011] after suffering from suspected anthrax, and
8 people, including a 4 year old girl, were admitted to the hospital
in the 2nd phase. All the 14 patients belonged to San Guchhuka and
Bada Guchhuka villages of Tumudibandh block, he said. While 2 of them
were completely cured, the condition of others is improving", the CDMO
said.

Besides the 2 villages, the disease had not spread to other places
following precautionary measures to contain its spread, Behera added.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0ZiP>. A map of Orissa showing the location of
Kandhamal district can be seen at
<http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/e ... _map_s.jpg>. To find
Berhampur, go to
<http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Brahmapur.html>. - Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, BOVINE - KYRGYZSTAN (02): (JALALABAD) SUSPECTED
***************************************************************
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Date: Thu 16 Jun 2011
Source: RIA (Russian Information Agency) Novosti [in Russian, trans.
Corr.ATS, edited]
<http://eco.rian.ru/danger/20110616/388958792.html>


Two people have been hospitalized with suspected anthrax and more
than 10 are under medical observation in the Nookenskiy rayon
[district] of Kyrgyzstan in the south of the country. The ministry of
emergencies of the country has announced that the people might have
contracted anthrax after eating contaminated beef. The results of the
laboratory testing are awaited.

The status of the hospitalized cases is satisfactory and all are
receiving appropriate treatment. The suspected infection happened on
[6 Jun 2011], when a farmer sold the meat of a sick animal to the
local villagers. The number of suspected cases is being specified.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed-rus@promedmail.org>

[We now have some better numbers than in the previous report. 12 sick
and/or under observation is a common number for folk clinically
exposed to contaminated meat.

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kyrgyzstan can be seen
at <http://healthmap.org/r/0_ni>. To find Jalalabad, go to
<http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/03/JalalAbad.html>. For a map
demonstrating the proximity of Jalalabad, Osh, and Uzbekistan
bordering areas see
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwe ... _rel96.jpg>. -
Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - INDIA (05): (ORISSA) SUSPECTED
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Date: Mon 20 Jun 2011
Source: The Times of India (TOI), Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
<http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 929437.cms>


Health team to visit anthrax-hit Kandhamal
-------------------------------------------
The state government on Monday [20 Jun 2011] asked the MKCG Medical
College and Hospital, Berhampur, to send a medical team to Kandhamal
district where some areas are in the grip of anthrax. This follows the
death of a 40 year old man from suspected anthrax on Saturday [18 Jun
2011].

The blood sample of the deceased tested negative for anthrax. But
that may be because he had already taken medicines, [according to]
head of state diseases surveillance Dr Bikash Patnaik. 2 out of 9
samples taken from the 2 affected villages within Tumudibandh block
had "morphologically" tested positive for anthrax. "It appears the
disease in Tumudibandh is anthrax," [said] Dr Patnaik. The medical
team, including a paediatrician, a medicine specialist, and a
microbiologist, among others, will further assess the situation before
confirming or ruling out anthrax, Dr Patnaik said.

RM of Bada Gochhaka village, who was admitted to hospital due to
suspected anthrax, died of liver failure, hospital sources said. 15
others, including 2 children of Sana Guchhuka and Bada Guchhuka
villages, are suffering from suspected anthrax following consumption
of rotten meat of cattle and goat.

"We have tested the blood samples of 16 persons, who were suspected
to be suffering from anthrax. While 7 of them were admitted to
hospital, 9 samples were collected from the field by the medical staff
of Kandhamal," said Dr Preetilata Panda, associate professor,
microbiology, of MKCG Medical College and Hospital. Dr Panda sent her
report to the health department as well as to Kandhamal district
administration on Monday [20 Jun 2011]. Earlier, the veterinary
experts have said domestic animals in the area tested negative for
anthrax.

Meanwhile, the medical college has discharged all patients who were
admitted for anthrax treatment. The anti-anthrax vaccination drive for
animals in the area by the animal resources department was on. Chief
district veterinary officer of Kandhamal SC Mallick said around 4600
animals of 42 villages have been vaccinated so far.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Diagnosing anthrax in humans always presents problems, not least
because they frequently self-medicate with antibiotics, so that when
they present themselves for examination by a physician or a
nurse-practitioner they can be bacteriologically negative though toxin
positive. My late and dear friend Benyamin Cherkasskyi in Moscow would
tell me that at best he could confirm 30 per cent of cutaneous
lesions, essentially by sampling the fluids below the lesion. The
other problem is that any contaminated meat in a public health
investigation can be long gone by the time the PH investigators are
mobilised. And, thirdly, humans and livestock die from many conditions
and anthrax incidence is not high on that list.

My only advice to my medical colleagues is that when they set out on
such an endeavor that they include a veterinary epidemiologist so that
he or she can be actively tracing back on any speculative sources
while they are still warm. Why? Because human anthrax cases,
challenging and interesting though they can be, are merely mine
canaries for a bigger problem. If it is anthrax, there will have been
prior animal cases, which seeded the human cases. By identifying where
these animal cases are occurring, preventive action can be put in
place and any existing animal health control programmes corrected.
This will cheaply prevent any more human cases, which incur high costs
in treatment and hospitalisation. For example, in this speculative
incident there has been one death, 7 hospitalised, and 8 presumably on
oral antibiotics, plus all the necessary supportive laboratory work.
Prevention is always cheaper than cure.

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be seen at
<http://healthmap.org/r/0ZiP>. A map of Orissa showing the location of
Kandhamal district can be seen at
<http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/e ... _map_s.jpg>. To find
Berhampur, go to
<http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Brahmapur.html>. - Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN - KAZAKHSTAN: (SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN), SUSPECTED
**********************************************************
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Date: 23 Jun 2011
Source: News portal RBK [edited]
<http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews.shtml?/20 ... 4545.shtml>


3 suspected cutaneous anthrax cases have been reported in the
Ordabasinkstaya rayon [Ordabasy District] of the South Kazakhstan
oblast according to the Ministry of Health of the Kazakh Republic. All
3 cases sought medical help after participating in an animal
slaughtering in a backyard. It became clear that the animal had been
immunized against anthrax.

A team of healthcare workers and veterinarians went to the place to
carry out an investigation. Samples have been taken for tests.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[Anthrax occurs all around Kazakhstan, as the centre is a desert, and
there is a measure of under-reporting, as the rural areas are poorly
served by medical and veterinary services. It is not unusual see some
dozen human cases reported, such as these, each year.

The fact that this animal had been "vaccinated" does raise some
doubts about the preliminary diagnosis, as the Kazakh livestock
vaccine is potent. That the investigation team included medics and
veterinarians makes me confident in whatever conclusion they come to.
This is because a confirmatory diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax is
tentative at best but straightforward when there is access to a
suspect carcass. - Mod.MHJ]

[Cutaneous anthrax lesion:
<https://www.aarphealthcare.com/images/a ... /19057.jpg>
Locator map of Kazakhstan:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/kazakhstan/m ... on-map.jpg>
Map of Ordabasy District at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordabasy_District>.
Ineractive HealthMap map at: <http://healthmap.org/r/0*IO>
- Mod.JW]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - GEORGIA
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Date: 28 Jun 2011
Source: Georgia online [edited]
<http://www.apsny.ge/2011/other/1309280927.php>


Two people have been treated in hospital in Georgia with signs of
anthrax. The hospital has announced that their condition is serious
despite the fact that they have the skin form of the disease.

These 2 cases are from 2 different places, and both have had contact
with sick animals. In particular, they participated in slaughtering
apparently sick animals. In both cases, it was necessary to perform
surgical procedures.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-RUS <promed@promedmail.org>

[It is becoming very clear these days that it is necessary to take an
aggressive attitude to human anthrax cases and to drain off the toxic
fluids that collect, as well as use appropriate antibiotics.

To find Georgia, go to
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwe ... _pol99.jpg>. -
Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, BOVINE - KAZAKHSTAN (02): (SOUTH KAZAHKSTAN) CONFIRMED
**********************************************************************
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Date: 28 Jun 2011
Source: News portal, Kazakhstan Today [in Russian, trans. Corr.ATS,
edited]
<http://www.kt.kz/index.php?lang=rus&uin ... 1153540643>


One more [outbreak] of anthrax has been confirmed in South Kazakhstan
oblast. As of 27 Jun 2011, there were 2 cases [outbreaks] of skin
anthrax in the region.

The specimens from a cow involved in the previous case have also
tested positive for anthrax. The last case was registered on 20 Jun
2011 when 3 people with suspected skin anthrax were hospitalized in
the infectious diseases ward. All possible contacts related to the
last outbreak are under observation.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[The only way to control this zoonosis is to ensure that livestock
cases do not occur. This necessitates regular vaccination of livestock
in areas with animal outbreaks. Retroactive vaccination following
human cases only finds a fraction of the livestock cases that are
occurring and in many ways is a waste of money, as it has minimal
impact on the livestock population at risk.

Locator map of Kazakhstan:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/kazakhstan/m ... on-map.jpg>,
Map of Ordabasy District at
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordabasy_District>. - Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - GEORGIA (02): (KVEMO KARTLI)
********************************************************
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Date: Mon 18 Jul 2011
Source: Trend [edited]
<http://en.trend.az/news/politics/1906534.htm>


A 64-year-old man died from anthrax in Georgia, the Tbilisi
Infectious Diseases Hospital told Trend. He became infected when
cutting the carcass of an animal at his home in the [Tetri Tskaro
area, Kvemo Kartli region, southeastern Georgia]

He turned to the local hospital only 6 days after, when he was
urgently transferred to Tbilisi. Doctors were unable to save his life
in time.

According doctors, the disease took on a generic [sic. systemic]
form. The patient had renal failure and lung cancer.

Doctors have noted a sharp increase in the cases of anthrax infection
in Georgia. Some 18 cases of the disease were recorded in 6 months in
2011, while only 8 cases of the disease were seen in 2010.

[Byline: N Kirtzkhalia]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[In fact, human cases of anthrax are common in Georgia. Just in the
past 5 years the following annual numbers have been seen: 2006 (38),
2007 (42), 2008 (62), 2009 (38), and 2010 (28). As they are dependent
on human activities such as skinning and butchering sick animals as
well as exposure to contaminated meats the numbers will be variable,
though reflecting what is a chronic risk. Most animal outbreaks are
reported in cattle, occasionally in sheep and goats, and in horses.
There is a measure of under-reporting as the number of cases closely
matches the number of outbreaks, typical of reports generated from
veterinary diagnostic laboratory log books. The cattle outbreaks
reported in the past 5 years are: 2006 (3), 2007 (4), 2008 (7), 2009
(10), and 2010 (9). - Mod.MHJ]

[A map showing the regions of Georgia and the location of Tetri
Tskaro can be seen at
<http://www.georgia.orexca.com/img/map_georgia.jpg>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Georgia is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/13KF>. - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - INDIA (06): (ANDHRA PRADESH) WILDLIFE
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Date: Mon 1 Aug 2011
Source: Express News Service, The New Indian Express [edited]
<http://ibnlive.in.com/news/anthrax-hits ... 0-114.html>


After a lull of 3 years, the outbreak of anthrax disease in 4 mandals
[sub districts] in Chittoor district is panicking people and driving
the officials into [a] tizzy.

The disease first came to light [25 Jul 2011], when a 58 year old
resident of Musalimadugu village in Palamaner mandal was detected
positive at Palamaner hospital. Later the doctors at the hospital also
confirmed 8 cases of anthrax from the same village.

According to the information, 4 of them were shifted to Tirupati SVRR
hospital while the other 4 were referred to CMC hospital, Vellore [in
Tamil Nadu].

Meanwhile, medical and health officials confirmed 3 more cases in
Yadireddypalle Gollapalli village in Yadamarri mandal. They developed
the disease after they ate the meat of a dead wild boar. Similarly, 4
cases of anthrax from Vasanthapuram village in Gudipala mandal tested
positive and doctors said they ate beef in recent days.

According to sources, 5 people fell ill after they ate goat meat
during a Jathara in Kurmaipalle in Bagarupalem mandal [a] few months
back. They were first admitted in KGF hospital and later, shifted to a
private hospital in Bengaluru. They were suspected to be affected by
anthrax.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Chittoor in Andhra Pradesh, can be found on the maps at
<http://www.maplandia.com/india/andhra-p ... /chittoor/> and
<http://healthmap.org/r/15-Q>.

Andhra Pradesh has a long Indian history of anthrax.

2005 when there were 39 livestock outbreaks involving 20 cattle and
135 sheep and goats;
2006, 46 outbreaks with 8 cattle cases and 251 sheep and goats
affected;
2007, 54 outbreaks with 35 cattle cases and 216 sheep & goats
affected;
2008, 26 outbreaks, 24 cattle cases and 51 sheep and goats affected;
2009, 7 outbreaks with 19 cattle cases and 8 outbreaks involving some
194 sheep affected;
2010 the data has yet to reach OIE in Paris.
It is similarly common in humans, this report notwithstanding.

In 2009 ProMED-mail reported 65 human cases with 17 deaths. With zoo
animals affected -- they are fed carcasses of local dead stock -- and
wildlife ('wild boar' which will have itself got infected from
scavenging dead animals) there is a significant anthrax problem in
Andhra Pradesh. The wildlife cases are possibly a spillover from the
livestock cases. This present report emphasizes this as there were
recent human cases arising from a wild boar, cattle, and goats. -
Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN - SOUTH SUDAN (02): (WEST BAHR AL-GHAZAL)
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Mon 18 Jul 2011
Source: WHO South Sudan Weekly Report [edited]
<http://www.who.int/hac/crises/sdn/sitre ... ly2011.pdf>


During this reporting period [week 28, 12-18 Jul 2011], 12 new
cutaneous anthrax cases were reported from Jur River county [Western
Bahr el Ghazal state]. As shown in figure 1 [available at the source
URL above], the cumulative number of cases has so far reached 83 cases
as of week 27 [5-11 Jul 2011], with no death. The incidence peaked in
May then declined the following weeks and then rose again this week.
Majority of the cases were recorded in Mabior Abiem, Maynang,
Thaqueng, and Gieric villages all in Jur River county. The ministry of
health is coordinating with the veterinary department at state level
to respond to this prolonged outbreak. Animal vaccination campaign is
planned in the affected villages (refer to figure 2). [If you go to
the report, you will see a fairly steady drumbeat of cases with spikes
in weeks 18 & 27. MHJ]

Distribution of cutaneous anthrax cases by location in Jur River
(January-July 2011)
Mabior Abiem: 32 percent
Thilic: 1 percent
Achong chong: 15 percent
Akorobo: 4 percent
Maynang: 15 percent
Gieric: 2 percent
Akuecok: 4 percent
Eastern bank: 1 percent
Thaqueng: 1 percent
Makuac: 1 percent
Marial Bi: 2 percent
Maria Ajith: 22 percent

--
Communicated by:
Sabine Zentis
Castleview Pedigree English Longhorns
Gut Laach
52385 Nideggen
Germany
<http://www.cvlonghorns.de>
<cvlonghorns@aol.com>

[WHO Sudan Situation Reports can be found at
<http://www.who.int/hac/crises/sdn/sitreps/en/>. Be warned that the
quality of the pdf's leaves something to be desired as it is
impossible to enlarge and read the smaller diagrams/figures.

But this report confirms something that this moderator has held on
intuition and without the comfort of hard facts that this disease is
enzootic in Southern Sudan. As order replaces chaos in this part of
Africa, we can hope to see harder and more reliable data, whether of
human or of livestock diseases. And from that will come more cost
effective health programmes. And we should note that this WHO report
puts the previous ProMED-mail posting (20110314.0820) into its proper
context.

Maps of South Sudan can be seen at
<http://www.state.gov/img/11/44810/map_ssudan_331_1.jpg> and
<http://nile-jewel.org/wp-content/upload ... states.jpg>.
To find the Jur River, got to
<http://www.getamap.net/maps/sudan/(su32)/_jur_river/> and
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jur_River>
Wau, capital city of Western Bahr el Ghazal, and on the Jur river can
be seen on the map at
<http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SU/46/Waw.html>. - Mod.MHJ]

ANTHRAX, HUMAN, LIVESTOCK - GEORGIA (03): (KVEMO KARTILI, KAKHETI)
******************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: 13 Aug 2011
Source: News.Az [edited]
<http://www.news.az/articles/georgia/42419>


More cattle have been infected with anthrax in Georgia in the past 2
months, an expert from the Tbilisi Infectious Diseases Center, Nikoloz
Chevchuvadze, told journalists. He said 30 people were infected with
the disease in the reporting period.

"The disease is also spreading in the regions densely populated by
Azerbaijanis. Anthrax-infected persons from Dmanisi, Sagarejo,
Marneuli and Gardabani came to us. Ten Azerbaijanis have been infected
with anthrax. One more person was infected with this disease in the
Sabirkend village of Marneuli. A Georgian died of anthrax 10-15 days
ago," he said.

He also said that prophylactic measures were being taken to combat
anthrax.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[This newswire shows a significant increase in recent human cases. The
affected districts are south of Tbilisi and aligned along the border
with Armenia and Azerbaijan, so I expect those exposed are likely to
be of Azerbaijani extraction.

It would be helpful if bovine as well as human cases were to be
reported. A more aggressive attitude toward the livestock risk and
vaccinated annually in targeted risk areas would probably result in
the human cases disappearing. Reactive vaccination means always being
behind the problem and not ahead of it, a very expensive and
inefficient policy.

A map showing the regions of Georgia can be seen at
<http://www.georgia.orexca.com/img/map_georgia.jpg>. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Georgia is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/13KF>. - Mod.MHJ]