DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (21)
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- India (Tamil Nadu state). 22 May 2012. Three more dengue patients, including a 4-month-old baby girl, died on Monday [21 May 2012], taking the death toll in the district to 32. Even as the Department of Health Services officials are claiming that the outbreak will be completely controlled within a week, an influx of fresh cases to teaching hospitals is still continuing.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mad ... 443103.ece
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Tamil Nadu state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/00dV. - Mod.TY]
Aktuelle Epidemien in Asien/Seidenstraße
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Malaria in Indien - Gujarat und Maharashtra
MALARIA - INDIA (04): (GUJARAT, MAHARASHTRA) UPDATE
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In this update:
[1] Gujarat
[2] Maharashtra
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[1] Gujarat
Date: Wed, 23 May 2012
Source: Times of India
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 401982.cms
Close to 550 malaria cases in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
---------------------------------
Between January and April last year [2011], there were close to 550 malaria cases in the city. This year during the same period [January to April 2012] there are more than 1600 malaria cases - a number that is alarming considering the fact that these cases have surfaced way ahead before the onset of monsoons.
The state health department and the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) have now sought help from the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Delhi and National Institute of Malaria Research in Nadiad to tackle the problem.
The NVBDCP team will be headed by head of malaria division G S Sonal and will 1st meet epidemiologists in Gandhinagar and then visit the affected areas in the city.
The scientists will ascertain reasons of the rapid spread of the malarial parasite in the female anopheles mosquito called _Plasmodium vivax_ (PV). A key component to this study is parasite mapping - which calculates that the rate of occurrence of the parasite in mosquitoes.
The recent temperatures and humidity can also be considered a reason for the sudden spread of mosquitoes. This parasite generally has a gestation period of 12 to 14 days before its starts infecting humans. "Normally it's after 12 to 14 days of biting humans that the mosquito starts infecting. Mosquito happens to be cold blooded insect and needs temperatures and humidity levels greater than 70 per cent to proliferate. This condition seems to be available to them," says a senior health official in Gandhinagar.
Another aspect that epidemologists will examine is whether the malarial parasite has undergone some mutation - making it more potent over previous times. What is interesting is the fact that there have been just 130-odd cases of [_Plasmodium falciparum_] between January and April this year [2012].
For the time being, all construction sites in the city are being extensively surveyed for fever and physical conditions that may lead to mosquito breeding. Summers also involve lot of water storage in containers which may act as effective harboring points for mosquitoes.
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[2] Maharashtra
Date: Mon, 21 May 2012
Source: Times of India
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 324219.cms
13 000 pre-monsoon malaria cases in Maharashtra
-------------------------------
Rains are yet to arrive, and the state already has recorded over 13 000 cases of malaria and 3 deaths due to mosquito-borne infections. In the period between January and April [2012], 13 067 people have been found positive for malarial infection.
However, the good news is, this number point to more than 50 percent drop in mosquito-borne infections compared to the corresponding timeframe the last year [2011] when 28 400 cases were reported.
With 5374 positive cases and one death due to malaria in the last 4 months, Mumbai continues to be on the top of the list, followed by Gadchiroli (1789) and Thane (1317) districts.
"Climactic conditions with temperature up to 30 degrees Celsius and a humidity level above 70 percent are favourable conditions for mosquito-breeding. Such conditions prevailed on most days in the last 4 months in Mumbai. That is one of the reasons for malaria cases during the pre-monsoon period. It is usually during monsoon season that cases of malarial infection rise," said V D Khanande, joint director (malaria) of the state health services.During the same period last year [2011], Mumbai had recorded 16 833 positive cases and 11 deaths.
The rural parts of Pune recorded 86 malaria cases while the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) recorded 13 and 36 malaria cases respectively in the last 4 months [January through April 2012]. Elaborating, Khanande said, "The perceptible drop in positive malaria cases as well as deaths can be attributed to multi-pronged strategy initiated at all levels - from village to district - of planning and administration." Micro-planning, regular review meetings of planned work and consistent monitoring of mosquito breeding sites helped reduce outbreaks, he added. "Usually, water scarcity starts after March. This is the time when we have to strengthen our monitoring work. We started conducting meetings of additional district health officials to review their work once every month. Micro-planning, regular review meetings of planned work and awareness about avoiding mosquito breeding sites have yielded results," Khanande said.
In 2010-11, 138 605 positive cases were recorded in the state, a figure higher than the 85 435 cases recorded the previous year [2009?]. In 2007, 67 850 cases were registered and 67 333 cases were registered in 2008. To control the growing mosquito menace, the state health department had to seek technical support and expertise from the Union government.
As many as 545 people of the 3.29 lakh [329 000] patients succumbed to malaria in the last 3 years. In 2011, there were 118 deaths as against 200 the previous year [2010] and 227 in 2009. Experts said it is impossible to control mosquito breeding and bring down malaria without the active participation of the general public. "Unplanned growth of cities, rapid industrialisation, labour concentration at project sites and movement of population across the border are reasons for high number of malaria cases in the last few years. On the positive side, there has been a considerable reduction in cases and deaths since last year," said state entomologist B R Mane.
The components of the national malaria control strategy include use of long-lasting insecticides, bed nets, indoor residual sprays, early diagnosis and treatment of cases, management of the environment, forecasting, prevention and control of epidemics. Meanwhile, health activists attached to various NGOs [Non-governmental organizations] said the number of malaria, dengue and chikungunya cases is just the tip of the iceberg. A majority of the cases remain unreported.
Trends of pre-monsoon malaria infection in Maharashtra
Year cases (January-April)
2010 20 091
2011 28 400
2012 13 067
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from Health map alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Malaria is endemic in India and the latest data including a map of the distribution of malaria in India can be faound in the country profile, World Malaria Report, WHO 2012: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications ... ind_en.pdf. healthMap location: http://healthmap.org/r/1gpL. - Mod.EP]
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
[1] Gujarat
[2] Maharashtra
******
[1] Gujarat
Date: Wed, 23 May 2012
Source: Times of India
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 401982.cms
Close to 550 malaria cases in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
---------------------------------
Between January and April last year [2011], there were close to 550 malaria cases in the city. This year during the same period [January to April 2012] there are more than 1600 malaria cases - a number that is alarming considering the fact that these cases have surfaced way ahead before the onset of monsoons.
The state health department and the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) have now sought help from the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Delhi and National Institute of Malaria Research in Nadiad to tackle the problem.
The NVBDCP team will be headed by head of malaria division G S Sonal and will 1st meet epidemiologists in Gandhinagar and then visit the affected areas in the city.
The scientists will ascertain reasons of the rapid spread of the malarial parasite in the female anopheles mosquito called _Plasmodium vivax_ (PV). A key component to this study is parasite mapping - which calculates that the rate of occurrence of the parasite in mosquitoes.
The recent temperatures and humidity can also be considered a reason for the sudden spread of mosquitoes. This parasite generally has a gestation period of 12 to 14 days before its starts infecting humans. "Normally it's after 12 to 14 days of biting humans that the mosquito starts infecting. Mosquito happens to be cold blooded insect and needs temperatures and humidity levels greater than 70 per cent to proliferate. This condition seems to be available to them," says a senior health official in Gandhinagar.
Another aspect that epidemologists will examine is whether the malarial parasite has undergone some mutation - making it more potent over previous times. What is interesting is the fact that there have been just 130-odd cases of [_Plasmodium falciparum_] between January and April this year [2012].
For the time being, all construction sites in the city are being extensively surveyed for fever and physical conditions that may lead to mosquito breeding. Summers also involve lot of water storage in containers which may act as effective harboring points for mosquitoes.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2] Maharashtra
Date: Mon, 21 May 2012
Source: Times of India
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 324219.cms
13 000 pre-monsoon malaria cases in Maharashtra
-------------------------------
Rains are yet to arrive, and the state already has recorded over 13 000 cases of malaria and 3 deaths due to mosquito-borne infections. In the period between January and April [2012], 13 067 people have been found positive for malarial infection.
However, the good news is, this number point to more than 50 percent drop in mosquito-borne infections compared to the corresponding timeframe the last year [2011] when 28 400 cases were reported.
With 5374 positive cases and one death due to malaria in the last 4 months, Mumbai continues to be on the top of the list, followed by Gadchiroli (1789) and Thane (1317) districts.
"Climactic conditions with temperature up to 30 degrees Celsius and a humidity level above 70 percent are favourable conditions for mosquito-breeding. Such conditions prevailed on most days in the last 4 months in Mumbai. That is one of the reasons for malaria cases during the pre-monsoon period. It is usually during monsoon season that cases of malarial infection rise," said V D Khanande, joint director (malaria) of the state health services.During the same period last year [2011], Mumbai had recorded 16 833 positive cases and 11 deaths.
The rural parts of Pune recorded 86 malaria cases while the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) recorded 13 and 36 malaria cases respectively in the last 4 months [January through April 2012]. Elaborating, Khanande said, "The perceptible drop in positive malaria cases as well as deaths can be attributed to multi-pronged strategy initiated at all levels - from village to district - of planning and administration." Micro-planning, regular review meetings of planned work and consistent monitoring of mosquito breeding sites helped reduce outbreaks, he added. "Usually, water scarcity starts after March. This is the time when we have to strengthen our monitoring work. We started conducting meetings of additional district health officials to review their work once every month. Micro-planning, regular review meetings of planned work and awareness about avoiding mosquito breeding sites have yielded results," Khanande said.
In 2010-11, 138 605 positive cases were recorded in the state, a figure higher than the 85 435 cases recorded the previous year [2009?]. In 2007, 67 850 cases were registered and 67 333 cases were registered in 2008. To control the growing mosquito menace, the state health department had to seek technical support and expertise from the Union government.
As many as 545 people of the 3.29 lakh [329 000] patients succumbed to malaria in the last 3 years. In 2011, there were 118 deaths as against 200 the previous year [2010] and 227 in 2009. Experts said it is impossible to control mosquito breeding and bring down malaria without the active participation of the general public. "Unplanned growth of cities, rapid industrialisation, labour concentration at project sites and movement of population across the border are reasons for high number of malaria cases in the last few years. On the positive side, there has been a considerable reduction in cases and deaths since last year," said state entomologist B R Mane.
The components of the national malaria control strategy include use of long-lasting insecticides, bed nets, indoor residual sprays, early diagnosis and treatment of cases, management of the environment, forecasting, prevention and control of epidemics. Meanwhile, health activists attached to various NGOs [Non-governmental organizations] said the number of malaria, dengue and chikungunya cases is just the tip of the iceberg. A majority of the cases remain unreported.
Trends of pre-monsoon malaria infection in Maharashtra
Year cases (January-April)
2010 20 091
2011 28 400
2012 13 067
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from Health map alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Malaria is endemic in India and the latest data including a map of the distribution of malaria in India can be faound in the country profile, World Malaria Report, WHO 2012: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications ... ind_en.pdf. healthMap location: http://healthmap.org/r/1gpL. - Mod.EP]
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Denguefieber in Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (22)
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- India (Chennai, Tamil Nadu state). 25 May 2012. Doctors in the city say they are starting to see patients infected with dengue [virus] and Corporation of Chennai, while continuing to deny that there have been cases in the city, has got into top disease prevention mode. Doctors in private hospitals and clinics say they are treating children for dengue, with the disease spreading much earlier this year [2012] than usual. The usual season for the fever, which has already claimed 29 lives in the southern districts in the past month, starts in August or during the monsoon. "We have been seeing at least one patient in 2 days over the past 2 weeks, but most of them recovered quickly," says Dr Geetha Hariharan of Surya Hospitals. "No patient has become critical so far or required to be hospitalised." With the rising death toll in the south and doctors detecting 1466 cases of the infection in Tamil Nadu, chief minister J Jayalalithaa on Wednesday [23 May 2012] instructed all districts including Chennai to immediately step up fogging and cleaning operations to stop the spread of the disease.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 462321.cms
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Chennai and Tamil Nadu state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2bxj. - Mod.TY]
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
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- India (Chennai, Tamil Nadu state). 25 May 2012. Doctors in the city say they are starting to see patients infected with dengue [virus] and Corporation of Chennai, while continuing to deny that there have been cases in the city, has got into top disease prevention mode. Doctors in private hospitals and clinics say they are treating children for dengue, with the disease spreading much earlier this year [2012] than usual. The usual season for the fever, which has already claimed 29 lives in the southern districts in the past month, starts in August or during the monsoon. "We have been seeing at least one patient in 2 days over the past 2 weeks, but most of them recovered quickly," says Dr Geetha Hariharan of Surya Hospitals. "No patient has become critical so far or required to be hospitalised." With the rising death toll in the south and doctors detecting 1466 cases of the infection in Tamil Nadu, chief minister J Jayalalithaa on Wednesday [23 May 2012] instructed all districts including Chennai to immediately step up fogging and cleaning operations to stop the spread of the disease.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 462321.cms
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Chennai and Tamil Nadu state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2bxj. - Mod.TY]
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Denguefieber in Pakistan und Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (23)
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- Pakistan (Punjab province). 1 Jun 2012. In the last 3 months, 299 suspected cases of dengue have been reported throughout the Punjab out of which 5 have been confirmed so far.
http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/06 ... e’-punjab/
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map sowing the location of Punjab province can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/0cco. - Mod. TY]
- India (tamil Nadu state). 31 May 2012. A 2-year-old girl succumbed to dengue at Pamban, taking the toll in the viral disease in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu to 37, officials said today [31 May 2012]. Meanwhile, 3 people were admitted to the Ramanathapuram Government hospital with dengue symptoms.
http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/death ... -37-220678
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Tamil Nadu state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/00dV. - Mod. TY]
- India (national). 28 May 2012. The updated official data on dengue cases in the country posted on the website of the central nodal agency for vector borne diseases here leaves out 2 positive dengue cases reported in the capital recently. According to the NVBDCP data, the total number of dengue cases till April across the country is 1635. The highest number of positive dengue figure cases have been reported from Tamil Nadu with 674 cases, followed by 561 cases in Kerala, 150 in Puducherry, 66 in Karnataka and 64 in Gujarat among others. Even one dengue case each in Andaman and Nicobar Island and Chandigarh have been mentioned on the website but not the ones diagnosed in the capital.
http://www.business-standard.com/genera ... tal/14333/
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/008o. - Mod. TY]
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- Pakistan (Punjab province). 1 Jun 2012. In the last 3 months, 299 suspected cases of dengue have been reported throughout the Punjab out of which 5 have been confirmed so far.
http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/06 ... e’-punjab/
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map sowing the location of Punjab province can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/0cco. - Mod. TY]
- India (tamil Nadu state). 31 May 2012. A 2-year-old girl succumbed to dengue at Pamban, taking the toll in the viral disease in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu to 37, officials said today [31 May 2012]. Meanwhile, 3 people were admitted to the Ramanathapuram Government hospital with dengue symptoms.
http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/death ... -37-220678
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Tamil Nadu state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/00dV. - Mod. TY]
- India (national). 28 May 2012. The updated official data on dengue cases in the country posted on the website of the central nodal agency for vector borne diseases here leaves out 2 positive dengue cases reported in the capital recently. According to the NVBDCP data, the total number of dengue cases till April across the country is 1635. The highest number of positive dengue figure cases have been reported from Tamil Nadu with 674 cases, followed by 561 cases in Kerala, 150 in Puducherry, 66 in Karnataka and 64 in Gujarat among others. Even one dengue case each in Andaman and Nicobar Island and Chandigarh have been mentioned on the website but not the ones diagnosed in the capital.
http://www.business-standard.com/genera ... tal/14333/
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/008o. - Mod. TY]
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Japanische Enzephalities in Indien - Bihar
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA: (BIHAR)
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Date: Sat 2 Jun 2012
Source: Two Circles, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) [edited]
http://twocircles.net/2012jun02/encepha ... bihar.html
Suspected encephalitis has killed 15 children in Bihar's Muzaffarpur and Gaya districts in the last week, officials said Saturday [2 Jun 2012].
The mosquito-borne disease [presumably caused by Japanese encephalitis virus], which claimed nearly 150 lives last year [2011], has returned with a vengeance and 11 children have died in Muzaffarpur and 4 in Gaya. Over 2 dozen children have been admitted to hospitals in both places.
According to officials, 24 children have been admitted for treatment in hospitals in Muzaffarpur, about 70 km [44 mi] from here [Patna].
Muzaffarpur civil surgeon Gayan Bhusan said the children died after contracting high fever followed by convulsions.
"Nearly half a dozen children are battling for life in Gaya," said AK Ravi, a child specialist at one hospital.
Encephalitis is a condition of acute inflammation of the brain resulting either from a viral infection or when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the brain tissue.
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[Last year (2011) there were numerous reports of viral encephalitis in Bihar state from June through December. The Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus transmission season there appears to have started again. The 29 Dec 2011 report from the Minister of Health and Family Welfare indicated that 1133 JE virus deaths were reported in 2011 alone. Of these, 575 deaths were reported in Gorakhpur and Basti divisions of Uttar Pradesh, 250 in Orissa, and 197 in Bihar. He maintained that since 2006 vaccines have been introduced and these have brought down the number of JE cases (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20111231.3729).
The report above does not indicate if there has been a recent JE virus vaccination campaign in the affected area. As in previous reports from last year (2011), in this report, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the only etiological agent mentioned as responsible for these encephalitis cases. Previous reports from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states in 2011 implicated JEV in approximately one-third of the encephalitis cases, the majority being due to undiagnosed viruses, perhaps enteroviruses, associated with contaminated water.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
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Date: Sat 2 Jun 2012
Source: Two Circles, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) [edited]
http://twocircles.net/2012jun02/encepha ... bihar.html
Suspected encephalitis has killed 15 children in Bihar's Muzaffarpur and Gaya districts in the last week, officials said Saturday [2 Jun 2012].
The mosquito-borne disease [presumably caused by Japanese encephalitis virus], which claimed nearly 150 lives last year [2011], has returned with a vengeance and 11 children have died in Muzaffarpur and 4 in Gaya. Over 2 dozen children have been admitted to hospitals in both places.
According to officials, 24 children have been admitted for treatment in hospitals in Muzaffarpur, about 70 km [44 mi] from here [Patna].
Muzaffarpur civil surgeon Gayan Bhusan said the children died after contracting high fever followed by convulsions.
"Nearly half a dozen children are battling for life in Gaya," said AK Ravi, a child specialist at one hospital.
Encephalitis is a condition of acute inflammation of the brain resulting either from a viral infection or when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the brain tissue.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Last year (2011) there were numerous reports of viral encephalitis in Bihar state from June through December. The Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus transmission season there appears to have started again. The 29 Dec 2011 report from the Minister of Health and Family Welfare indicated that 1133 JE virus deaths were reported in 2011 alone. Of these, 575 deaths were reported in Gorakhpur and Basti divisions of Uttar Pradesh, 250 in Orissa, and 197 in Bihar. He maintained that since 2006 vaccines have been introduced and these have brought down the number of JE cases (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20111231.3729).
The report above does not indicate if there has been a recent JE virus vaccination campaign in the affected area. As in previous reports from last year (2011), in this report, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the only etiological agent mentioned as responsible for these encephalitis cases. Previous reports from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states in 2011 implicated JEV in approximately one-third of the encephalitis cases, the majority being due to undiagnosed viruses, perhaps enteroviruses, associated with contaminated water.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
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Japanische Enzephalitis in Indien - Uttar Pradesh
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (02): (UTTAR PRADESH)
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Date: Wed 6 Jun 2012
Source: The Indian Express [edited]
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/encep ... ad/958301/
Even before the peak season of encephalitis, acute encephalitis syndrome [AES] has already claimed 80 lives in Uttar Pradesh.
In spite of infrastructural support, including new ventilators and wards for encephalitis patients in BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, as well as awareness campaigns in the area, the number of cases and deaths are constantly increasing in the eastern part of the state.
The peak season of encephalitis is considered to be between July-September, when maximum number of cases are reported. As per the state government figures, till 2 Jun [2012], a total of 334 cases of AES have been reported across the state and 80 patients have died. But none of these have been confirmed as Japanese encephalitis [virus infection] cases.
Till June 2011, 346 cases of AES, including 3 of Japanese encephalitis [JE], were reported. The number of deaths was 60. By the end of 2011, however, around 3500 AES cases were reported, with over 550 deaths.
Last year [2011], Union health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad visited Gorakhpur and promised infrastructural support to BRD Medical College; 4 ventilators were sanctioned by the centre under the NRHM [National Rural Health Mission]. Former chief minister Mayawati had announced a 100-bed special ward for encephalitis patients at the college. Campaigns were undertaken to create awareness about hygiene, safe drinking water, and prevention of encephalitis.
"Cases are slightly more than last year [2011]. Deaths have also increased," said Dr Ramji Lal, director general, Medical and Health. He said since AES is a waterborne disease, the only prevention is providing safe drinking water. "We have moved a proposal to arrange for clean drinking water in AES-affected areas. We have trained officials in these areas to create awareness about safe drinking water and rushing AES patients to nearest CHC-PHC [community health centres-primary health centres] at the earliest," said Lal, adding that if the measures being taken now are successful, AES cases may be controlled during the peak season.
The number of cases of JE, on the other hand, are under control, for which experts credit a special vaccination drive in 2010.
"The response of the vaccine is up to 80 per cent and if the routine immunisation for JE is continued, it can be well controlled this year [2012]," said Dr MM Gore, in charge of the Gorakhpur unit of National Institute of Virology. [If the live attenuated virus vaccine were used, immunity might persist for several years. If the inactive vaccine were used, revaccination campaigns would be necessary to provide good herd immunity. - Mod.TY]
[byline: Surbhi Khayati]
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[It will be of interest to see if the JE virus vaccination campaign is, indeed, continued as the transmission season gets under way. If the live attenuated virus vaccine were used, immunity might persist for several years. If the inactive vaccine were used, revaccination campaigns would be necessary to provide good herd immunity. As indicated in previous reports last year (2011), JE virus infections are responsible for a minority of AES cases. There is still no virological diagnosis provided for the other etiological agents responsible for AES. Because cases are associated with contaminated water, presumably enteroviruses are involved. Providing clean drinking water, as proposed, should be very helpful for prevention of additional cases. Prevention through provision of potable water and public education are undoubtedly considerably more cost-effective than providing hospital care for severely ill, infected patients.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Uttar Pradesh state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1-k3. - Mod.TY]
*************************************************************
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
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Date: Wed 6 Jun 2012
Source: The Indian Express [edited]
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/encep ... ad/958301/
Even before the peak season of encephalitis, acute encephalitis syndrome [AES] has already claimed 80 lives in Uttar Pradesh.
In spite of infrastructural support, including new ventilators and wards for encephalitis patients in BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, as well as awareness campaigns in the area, the number of cases and deaths are constantly increasing in the eastern part of the state.
The peak season of encephalitis is considered to be between July-September, when maximum number of cases are reported. As per the state government figures, till 2 Jun [2012], a total of 334 cases of AES have been reported across the state and 80 patients have died. But none of these have been confirmed as Japanese encephalitis [virus infection] cases.
Till June 2011, 346 cases of AES, including 3 of Japanese encephalitis [JE], were reported. The number of deaths was 60. By the end of 2011, however, around 3500 AES cases were reported, with over 550 deaths.
Last year [2011], Union health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad visited Gorakhpur and promised infrastructural support to BRD Medical College; 4 ventilators were sanctioned by the centre under the NRHM [National Rural Health Mission]. Former chief minister Mayawati had announced a 100-bed special ward for encephalitis patients at the college. Campaigns were undertaken to create awareness about hygiene, safe drinking water, and prevention of encephalitis.
"Cases are slightly more than last year [2011]. Deaths have also increased," said Dr Ramji Lal, director general, Medical and Health. He said since AES is a waterborne disease, the only prevention is providing safe drinking water. "We have moved a proposal to arrange for clean drinking water in AES-affected areas. We have trained officials in these areas to create awareness about safe drinking water and rushing AES patients to nearest CHC-PHC [community health centres-primary health centres] at the earliest," said Lal, adding that if the measures being taken now are successful, AES cases may be controlled during the peak season.
The number of cases of JE, on the other hand, are under control, for which experts credit a special vaccination drive in 2010.
"The response of the vaccine is up to 80 per cent and if the routine immunisation for JE is continued, it can be well controlled this year [2012]," said Dr MM Gore, in charge of the Gorakhpur unit of National Institute of Virology. [If the live attenuated virus vaccine were used, immunity might persist for several years. If the inactive vaccine were used, revaccination campaigns would be necessary to provide good herd immunity. - Mod.TY]
[byline: Surbhi Khayati]
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[It will be of interest to see if the JE virus vaccination campaign is, indeed, continued as the transmission season gets under way. If the live attenuated virus vaccine were used, immunity might persist for several years. If the inactive vaccine were used, revaccination campaigns would be necessary to provide good herd immunity. As indicated in previous reports last year (2011), JE virus infections are responsible for a minority of AES cases. There is still no virological diagnosis provided for the other etiological agents responsible for AES. Because cases are associated with contaminated water, presumably enteroviruses are involved. Providing clean drinking water, as proposed, should be very helpful for prevention of additional cases. Prevention through provision of potable water and public education are undoubtedly considerably more cost-effective than providing hospital care for severely ill, infected patients.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Uttar Pradesh state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1-k3. - Mod.TY]
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Japanische Enzephalitis in Indien - Bihar
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (03): (BIHAR) REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
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Date: Wed 6 Jun 2012
Source: The Bihar Times, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) [edited]
http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2012 ... June2.html
The deaths of 8 more children because of a mysterious disease in Bihar's Muzaffarpur and Gaya districts has taken the death toll to 31 in 10 days, officials said on Wednesday [6 Jun 2012].
The government has yet to identify the cause of the deaths. Health minister Ashwani Kumar Choubey and principal secretary (Health) Amarjit Sinha denied reports that the children were dying due to suspected encephalitis. "The causes are yet to be ascertained," Choubey said. Sinha said most deaths were due to excessive heat, dehydration, and malnutrition.
Up to date, 23 children have died in Muzaffarpur and 8 in Gaya. Over 4 dozen children suffering from the mysterious disease have been admitted to hospitals in both districts. Nearly a dozen are battling for life, said a health official.
Some doctors and health officials have reportedly claimed that the children were suffering from symptoms similar to encephalitis. Last year [2011], encephalitis, a mosquitoborne disease, claimed nearly 150 lives in the 2 districts.
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[The etiology of these cases is uncertain, although encephalitis is mentioned, perhaps due to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections as indicated in a 2 Jun 2012 report from this area in Bihar state (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20120604.1155306). As the report states, there were many cases of encephalitis in this area last year (2011) and are now occurring again. ProMED-mail awaits further news on the diagnosis of these cases with interest. The JEV transmission season in Bihar state is just beginning.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
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Date: Wed 6 Jun 2012
Source: The Bihar Times, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) [edited]
http://www.bihartimes.in/Newsbihar/2012 ... June2.html
The deaths of 8 more children because of a mysterious disease in Bihar's Muzaffarpur and Gaya districts has taken the death toll to 31 in 10 days, officials said on Wednesday [6 Jun 2012].
The government has yet to identify the cause of the deaths. Health minister Ashwani Kumar Choubey and principal secretary (Health) Amarjit Sinha denied reports that the children were dying due to suspected encephalitis. "The causes are yet to be ascertained," Choubey said. Sinha said most deaths were due to excessive heat, dehydration, and malnutrition.
Up to date, 23 children have died in Muzaffarpur and 8 in Gaya. Over 4 dozen children suffering from the mysterious disease have been admitted to hospitals in both districts. Nearly a dozen are battling for life, said a health official.
Some doctors and health officials have reportedly claimed that the children were suffering from symptoms similar to encephalitis. Last year [2011], encephalitis, a mosquitoborne disease, claimed nearly 150 lives in the 2 districts.
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[The etiology of these cases is uncertain, although encephalitis is mentioned, perhaps due to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections as indicated in a 2 Jun 2012 report from this area in Bihar state (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20120604.1155306). As the report states, there were many cases of encephalitis in this area last year (2011) and are now occurring again. ProMED-mail awaits further news on the diagnosis of these cases with interest. The JEV transmission season in Bihar state is just beginning.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
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Cholera in Indien
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2012 (19): ASIA
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[2] Cholera - India (Maharashtra State): 2011
Date: Fri 8 Jun 2012
Source: Daily News and Analysis (DNA) [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report_cho ... 11_1699822
In 2011, 79 people died due to cholera and 28 due to malnutrition in Pune. These shocking facts came to light through a right to information (RTI) query.
RTI activist Vihar Durve filed the query and received its reply from PMC's [Pune Municipal Corporation] birth and death registration section, stating that a total of 25 049 people died within PMC limits in 2011. Of these, cholera, an infectious disease that is notifiable, claimed 79 lives, according to the RTI reply. These trends are seen in previous years too. The 2010 records show 24 deaths due to cholera, while the 2009 records peg cholera deaths alone at 468.
[byline: Alifiya Khan]
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[2] Cholera - India (Gujarat State)
Date: Wed 30 May 2012
Source: Daily News and Analysis (DNA) [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_5- ... at_1695872
In the last 7 days 5 fresh cases of cholera were reported from Behrampura area of Ahmedabad, taking the total number of patients of the infectious disease to 9. 4 of the 5 cholera patients are admitted in AMC's [Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation] hospital for contagious diseases in Behrampura and one in LG Hospital. Against a total 8 cholera cases that were reported in Ahmedabad in 2011, 9 cases have already come to light in the city in 2012.
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[2] Cholera - India (Maharashtra State): 2011
Date: Fri 8 Jun 2012
Source: Daily News and Analysis (DNA) [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report_cho ... 11_1699822
In 2011, 79 people died due to cholera and 28 due to malnutrition in Pune. These shocking facts came to light through a right to information (RTI) query.
RTI activist Vihar Durve filed the query and received its reply from PMC's [Pune Municipal Corporation] birth and death registration section, stating that a total of 25 049 people died within PMC limits in 2011. Of these, cholera, an infectious disease that is notifiable, claimed 79 lives, according to the RTI reply. These trends are seen in previous years too. The 2010 records show 24 deaths due to cholera, while the 2009 records peg cholera deaths alone at 468.
[byline: Alifiya Khan]
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[2] Cholera - India (Gujarat State)
Date: Wed 30 May 2012
Source: Daily News and Analysis (DNA) [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_5- ... at_1695872
In the last 7 days 5 fresh cases of cholera were reported from Behrampura area of Ahmedabad, taking the total number of patients of the infectious disease to 9. 4 of the 5 cholera patients are admitted in AMC's [Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation] hospital for contagious diseases in Behrampura and one in LG Hospital. Against a total 8 cholera cases that were reported in Ahmedabad in 2011, 9 cases have already come to light in the city in 2012.
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Denguefieber in Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (24)
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- India (Maharashtra state). 9 Jun 2012. From Jan-May [2012] there are 5 cases of dengue. The Pimpri-Chinchwad municipal corporation has registered its 1st dengue death this year.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pimpr ... ar/959679/
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Pimpri-Chinchwad in Maharashtra state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2yDm. - Mod.TY]
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- India (Maharashtra state). 9 Jun 2012. From Jan-May [2012] there are 5 cases of dengue. The Pimpri-Chinchwad municipal corporation has registered its 1st dengue death this year.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pimpr ... ar/959679/
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Pimpri-Chinchwad in Maharashtra state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2yDm. - Mod.TY]
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Japanische Enzephalitis in Indien - Bihar
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (04): (BIHAR), REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
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Date: Mon 11 Jun 2012
Source: DNA [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_10 ... is_1701089
Altogether 100 children have died and 57 others were undergoing treatment at various hospitals due to outbreak of the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Bihar since May this year [2012], state's Health Minister Ashwani Chaube said on Monday [11 Jun 2012]. As many as 260 children contracted symptoms of the AES and of them 100 have died and 57 others were admitted in various hospitals for treatment, he told reporters. The remaining children were cured during treatment at the hospitals, Chaube said.
Giving the break-up [outbreak?], the Health Minister said that 93 children were admitted in the private Kejriwal hospital with symptoms of the AES and of them 32 died even as 24 others were recuperating there, while in the Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), also located in Muzaffarpur, 16 children have died due to AES.
The death toll in the Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital (ANMMCH) stood at 10, while the figure at the PMCH in Patna stood at 42, he said.
Most of the deaths due to fever and related symptoms took place as the patients were brought to hospital in critical condition since the parents took them to quacks or undertook others means to cure them, the Health Minister said.
He said that the symptoms of the AES have been identified but it required tests of various dimensions to identity the specific symptom and it was possible only at the laboratory to identity viral-related symptoms. The state government had last year requested the Centre to set up such a laboratory in Bihar.
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[The encephalitis outbreak is accelerating. A report on 6 Jun 2012, indicated that there were 31 deaths, and the above report is of 100 deaths. The etiology of these cases is unspecified, although encephalitis is mentioned, perhaps due to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections as indicated in a 2 Jun 2012 report from this area in Bihar state (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20120604.1155306). Reports in previous years have indicated a minority of encephalitis cases were due to JEV infection and other cases as having been associated with contaminated water, suggesting enterovirus infections. There is no mention of that or of JEV in the above report. ProMED will be interested to learn of any laboratory results that indicate the etiology of these cases.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
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Date: Mon 11 Jun 2012
Source: DNA [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_10 ... is_1701089
Altogether 100 children have died and 57 others were undergoing treatment at various hospitals due to outbreak of the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Bihar since May this year [2012], state's Health Minister Ashwani Chaube said on Monday [11 Jun 2012]. As many as 260 children contracted symptoms of the AES and of them 100 have died and 57 others were admitted in various hospitals for treatment, he told reporters. The remaining children were cured during treatment at the hospitals, Chaube said.
Giving the break-up [outbreak?], the Health Minister said that 93 children were admitted in the private Kejriwal hospital with symptoms of the AES and of them 32 died even as 24 others were recuperating there, while in the Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), also located in Muzaffarpur, 16 children have died due to AES.
The death toll in the Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital (ANMMCH) stood at 10, while the figure at the PMCH in Patna stood at 42, he said.
Most of the deaths due to fever and related symptoms took place as the patients were brought to hospital in critical condition since the parents took them to quacks or undertook others means to cure them, the Health Minister said.
He said that the symptoms of the AES have been identified but it required tests of various dimensions to identity the specific symptom and it was possible only at the laboratory to identity viral-related symptoms. The state government had last year requested the Centre to set up such a laboratory in Bihar.
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[The encephalitis outbreak is accelerating. A report on 6 Jun 2012, indicated that there were 31 deaths, and the above report is of 100 deaths. The etiology of these cases is unspecified, although encephalitis is mentioned, perhaps due to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections as indicated in a 2 Jun 2012 report from this area in Bihar state (see ProMED-mail archive no. 20120604.1155306). Reports in previous years have indicated a minority of encephalitis cases were due to JEV infection and other cases as having been associated with contaminated water, suggesting enterovirus infections. There is no mention of that or of JEV in the above report. ProMED will be interested to learn of any laboratory results that indicate the etiology of these cases.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
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Cholera in Indien
CHOLERA, DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY UPDATE 2012 (20): ASIA
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Cholera - India (Assam State)
Date: Sat 9 Jun 2012
Source: Health India, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) report [edited]
http://health.india.com/news/cholera-cl ... -in-assam/
[Officials said Fri 8 Jun 2012 that Assam health authorities have sounded an alert after 4 lives have been lost in 7 districts of Assam after an outbreak of cholera.] More than 500 people have fallen sick in the state.
Sources in the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) said Sivsagar, Darrang and Cachar districts have been identified as the worst affected. "We have formed Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) in each district to control the spread of the disease," said an official.
While 2 people died in Sivsagar, the other 2 deaths took place in Darrang and Cachar districts. Jorhat, Golaghat, Dibrugarh, and Sonitpur districts have been put on alert.
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Cholera - India (Assam State)
Date: Sat 9 Jun 2012
Source: Health India, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) report [edited]
http://health.india.com/news/cholera-cl ... -in-assam/
[Officials said Fri 8 Jun 2012 that Assam health authorities have sounded an alert after 4 lives have been lost in 7 districts of Assam after an outbreak of cholera.] More than 500 people have fallen sick in the state.
Sources in the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) said Sivsagar, Darrang and Cachar districts have been identified as the worst affected. "We have formed Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) in each district to control the spread of the disease," said an official.
While 2 people died in Sivsagar, the other 2 deaths took place in Darrang and Cachar districts. Jorhat, Golaghat, Dibrugarh, and Sonitpur districts have been put on alert.
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Japanische Enzephalitis in Indien - Bihar
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (05): (BIHAR)
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In this update:
[1] Bihar (additional information)
[2] Bihar (most recent)
[3] Bihar (Muzaffarpur)
[4] Bihar (Muzaffarpur) proposed diagnosis
******
[1] Bihar (additional information)
Date: Mon 11 Jun 2012
Source: Outlook India, Press Trust of India (PTI) report [summ., edited]
http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=765373
Altogether 100 children have died and 57 others were undergoing treatment at various hospitals due to outbreak of the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Bihar since May this year [2012], state's Health Minister Ashwani Chaube said today [11 Jin 2012]. As many as 260 children contracted symptoms of the AES and of them 100 have died and 57 others were admitted in various hospitals for treatment, he told reporters. The remaining children were cured during treatment at the hospitals, Chaube said.
A laboratory to diagnose viral fever related symptoms have been set up at Gorakhpur where the cases of the Japanese encephalitis has declined in recent years, but the centre was yet to consider request to set up such a laboratory in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Poorvanchal region despite the need for it, Chaube said.
The Central government has also not taken the initiative for mass vaccination to prevent the outbreak of the AES despite a request made by the state government in this regard, the Health Minister said, adding that he would visit New Delhi shortly to meet Union Health Minister Gulam Nabi Azad to demand 300 000 vaccinations for children below 15 years.
Chaube said that the state government will soon prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR) to set up infrastructure for testing Japanese encephalitis in Patna, Gaya, and Muzaffarpur district.
On declaring AES an epidemic, he said that such a demand has been made from various quarters, including the medical fraternity and the state government will make a recommendation to the Centre in this regard.
--
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[This report implies that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection is suspected in these cases, hence the proposal to establish laboratory diagnostic capability locally. The comment on lack of a vaccination campaign also implies a JEV etiology for at least some of these cases.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
******
[2] Bihar (most recent)
Date: Wed 13 Jun 2012
Source: Outlook India, Press Trust of India (PTI) report [edited]
http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=765579
An official said 18 more children died of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Bihar since yesterday [12 Jun 2012], taking the toll due to the disease since May 2012 to 129. 48 children have died in Kejriwal hospital in Muzaffarpur, while PMCH hospital at Patna has recorded the death of 46 children till date, Additional Secretary in the Health department RP Ojha said.
He said 24 children have fallen victim to the disease as per records of SKMCH hospital in Muzaffarpur and 11 deaths have occurred at ANMCH at Gaya.
Altogether 348 children suffering with symptoms of AES were undergoing treatment at different hospitals in Bihar, he added.
Bihar Health minister Ashwani Chaube had said yesterday [12 Jun 2012] that a total of 111 children had died due to AES in Bihar since May [2012].
Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has asked the Union Health secretary to send a Central team for tackling the disease.
The state government has decided to launch a campaign in the affected areas to create awareness against the disease and ensure treatment of the affected children.
He had also lamented the absence of a laboratory in the state for expeditiously identifying viral-related symptoms [etiologies] and said last year [2011] the government had requested the Centre to set up one similar to that in Pune.
--
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[The number of cases continues to accelerate rapidly, and a demand for a locally available diagnostic lab is reiterated. - Mod.TY]
******
[3] Bihar (Muzaffarpur)
Date: Wed 13 Jun 2012
Source: The Times of India (TOI), Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 077696.cms
Children of poor families of rural parts of Tirhut division, the killer disease, now given the name of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), has claimed the lives of more than 75 children younger than 10 years at Muzaffarpur since its outbreak on 27 May 2012.
The most unfortunate part of the story is that no specific medicine is being used by the doctors to treat the patients and they are being treated according to their symptoms. In fact, there is no specific drug to cure the AES, according to SKMCH deputy superintendent Dr Sunil Shahi. However, Dr Shahi informed that a new symptom has been found in majority of the patients that their blood sugar level has been found to be far below normal. Most of them have been found to have sugar only 10 to 50. [Hypoglycemia may be explained by presence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome plus starvation. - Mod.DK]. Inflammation of brain tissues has also been found in most of the cases. Convulsion and high fever are common among them.
The calamity has assumed such an alarming proportion that chances of its cure are bleak. As many as 117 patients have been admitted to Kejriwal Hospital and 57 at SKMCH in the last 16 days. It is now evident that the disease is linked to weather. It occurs only in May-June every year. As the temperature has soared to 41 deg C [106 deg F], 13 new cases have been admitted to the SKMCH on Tuesday [12 Jun 2012] alone. Kejriwal Hospital's administrator VV Giri said the situation is more serious than last year. Only 92 cases had been admitted to this hospital and only 30 of them had expired in a span of 30 days in 2011, whereas 117 had already been admitted and of them 42 had expired in a span of 16 days this time. As both the heat and humidity are still at their peak, more such cases are bound to come. Kejriwal Hospital's attending physician Dr Vidya Shreeprabha said on Tuesday that the condition of all the 35 patients is very serious. It may be difficult to predict how many of them will survive. But no stone is left unturned to save them. The ward is overcrowded with patients and their attendants. 2 of the 4 air-conditioners of the ward are not working. The overall scenario of the ward is pathetic as half of the patients are surviving on oxygen.
The parents had wrapped up their children with wet cloth to control the fever, while some keep crying due to uneasiness. Most of them are lying in an unconsciousness state.
The state health department has provided free medicines to the hospital. Giri claimed that now the hospital is not charging anything in advance from attendants since 8 Jun [2012]. The government has also given 2 ambulances to this hospital for carrying patients to SKMCH and their home. All the hapless families are poor, depending mostly on daily wages. None of the affected children are from urban areas. They live under unhygienic conditions and drink only impure water. All the children are suffering from malnutrition.
[Byline: Priti Nath Jha]
--
Communicated by:
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[As the number of cases increases rapidly, the ability of the hospital and its staff to care for them appears stretched to the limit. - Mod.TY]
******
[4] Bihar (Muzaffarpur) proposed diagnosis
Date: June 2012
Source: Indian Pediatrics [edited]
http://www.indianpediatrics.net/june2012/502.pdf
Ref: Gopal Shankar Sahni: Recurring Epidemics of Acute Encephalopathy in Children in Muzaffarpur, Bihar. 2012. Indian Pediatrics, 49(6): 502-3.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Muzaffarpur district, suffers repeated epidemics of acute encephalopathy in children for the past 16-17 years. An outbreak of this mystery disease, with high case fatality (63.3 per cent) was reported in children from Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, in June 2011. We report here our findings of the investigations carried out to confirm the etiology and to describe the clinico-epidemiological features.
Clinically, the presentation indicated acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). We studied 80 children from age group of 2-10 (median, 3.5) years belonging to a low socioeconomic background. Almost all cases were from rural areas. Following clinical criteria were used to select a case of AES: rapid onset of unconsciousness in a previously healthy child after attack of convulsion, and presence of fever higher than 40 deg C [104 deg F].
The main presenting features were fever and convulsions (100 per cent), unconsciousness (100 per cent), decerebrate rigidity (50 per cent), tachycardia (80 per cent), tachypnea (80 per cent), and absent splenomegaly. The CSF was normal but under raised pressure (100 per cent). Hematological investigations revealed leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance (80 per cent). Biochemical investigation revealed hyponatremia (90 per cent), hypokalemia (5 per cent), mild raised SGPT (50-100IU/L) (30 per cent), mild raised blood urea (40-50mg/dL) (40 per cent), and normal creatinine.
Smears for malarial parasites were negative. CT scan was done in 8 cases; 2 showed feature of cerebral edema, rest was normal. ECG showed non-specific ST changes and tachyarrhythmia.
The requisite clinical samples were collected from 55 patients and sent to National Institute of Virology, Pune and the National Communicable Disease Center, New Delhi for virological testing. These included 31 CSF samples, 59 serum samples, 19 nasal swabs, 48 throat swabs, 44 rectal swabs, 2 urine samples, 2 postmortem brain needle biopsy material by nasal route, and 1 postmortem liver biopsy specimen. All clinical samples were negative for known virus causing acute encephalitis like JE, Nipah, West Nile, and Chandipura viruses [tests used not mentioned. - Mod.TY]. Some specimens were processed for the discovery of novel agents. However, no agent has been found which can be attributed to the cause of the mystery disease in Muzaffarpur.
The presentation, seasonal distribution, climatic condition, and investigations of the cases did suggest a diagnosis of encephalopathy of heat stroke (HS), as similar picture has been described in few other studies also. Between April-June, the climate of Muzaffarpur is extremely hot and humid (28/40 deg C, [82-104 deg F] 90 per cent humidity) and most epidemics occurred at the height of temperature (38-40 deg C [100-104 deg F]) and humidity (70-80 per cent) suggesting the possibility of HS. The number of cases suddenly decreases with the onset of rain and resultant sudden drop in temperature.
--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
[Interestingly, this report does not mention low blood sugar levels, which surely would have been tested for. Without an indication of the test used to detect the presence of viruses, it is difficult to know how sensitive and specific they might have been, nor is there any indication that serological tests (paired sera) might have been done on surviving individuals.
Testing of samples at a WHO reference laboratory would add additional in formation to exclude or include a battery of viruses associated with encephalitis, especially enteroviruses. Previous reports from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh states have indicated that at least a minority of acute encephalitis cases are due to JEV infections. This does not exclude the possibility that some cases might be due to heat stroke. - Mod.TY]
*****************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this update:
[1] Bihar (additional information)
[2] Bihar (most recent)
[3] Bihar (Muzaffarpur)
[4] Bihar (Muzaffarpur) proposed diagnosis
******
[1] Bihar (additional information)
Date: Mon 11 Jun 2012
Source: Outlook India, Press Trust of India (PTI) report [summ., edited]
http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=765373
Altogether 100 children have died and 57 others were undergoing treatment at various hospitals due to outbreak of the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Bihar since May this year [2012], state's Health Minister Ashwani Chaube said today [11 Jin 2012]. As many as 260 children contracted symptoms of the AES and of them 100 have died and 57 others were admitted in various hospitals for treatment, he told reporters. The remaining children were cured during treatment at the hospitals, Chaube said.
A laboratory to diagnose viral fever related symptoms have been set up at Gorakhpur where the cases of the Japanese encephalitis has declined in recent years, but the centre was yet to consider request to set up such a laboratory in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Poorvanchal region despite the need for it, Chaube said.
The Central government has also not taken the initiative for mass vaccination to prevent the outbreak of the AES despite a request made by the state government in this regard, the Health Minister said, adding that he would visit New Delhi shortly to meet Union Health Minister Gulam Nabi Azad to demand 300 000 vaccinations for children below 15 years.
Chaube said that the state government will soon prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR) to set up infrastructure for testing Japanese encephalitis in Patna, Gaya, and Muzaffarpur district.
On declaring AES an epidemic, he said that such a demand has been made from various quarters, including the medical fraternity and the state government will make a recommendation to the Centre in this regard.
--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
[This report implies that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection is suspected in these cases, hence the proposal to establish laboratory diagnostic capability locally. The comment on lack of a vaccination campaign also implies a JEV etiology for at least some of these cases.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9. - Mod.TY]
******
[2] Bihar (most recent)
Date: Wed 13 Jun 2012
Source: Outlook India, Press Trust of India (PTI) report [edited]
http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=765579
An official said 18 more children died of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Bihar since yesterday [12 Jun 2012], taking the toll due to the disease since May 2012 to 129. 48 children have died in Kejriwal hospital in Muzaffarpur, while PMCH hospital at Patna has recorded the death of 46 children till date, Additional Secretary in the Health department RP Ojha said.
He said 24 children have fallen victim to the disease as per records of SKMCH hospital in Muzaffarpur and 11 deaths have occurred at ANMCH at Gaya.
Altogether 348 children suffering with symptoms of AES were undergoing treatment at different hospitals in Bihar, he added.
Bihar Health minister Ashwani Chaube had said yesterday [12 Jun 2012] that a total of 111 children had died due to AES in Bihar since May [2012].
Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has asked the Union Health secretary to send a Central team for tackling the disease.
The state government has decided to launch a campaign in the affected areas to create awareness against the disease and ensure treatment of the affected children.
He had also lamented the absence of a laboratory in the state for expeditiously identifying viral-related symptoms [etiologies] and said last year [2011] the government had requested the Centre to set up one similar to that in Pune.
--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
[The number of cases continues to accelerate rapidly, and a demand for a locally available diagnostic lab is reiterated. - Mod.TY]
******
[3] Bihar (Muzaffarpur)
Date: Wed 13 Jun 2012
Source: The Times of India (TOI), Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city ... 077696.cms
Children of poor families of rural parts of Tirhut division, the killer disease, now given the name of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), has claimed the lives of more than 75 children younger than 10 years at Muzaffarpur since its outbreak on 27 May 2012.
The most unfortunate part of the story is that no specific medicine is being used by the doctors to treat the patients and they are being treated according to their symptoms. In fact, there is no specific drug to cure the AES, according to SKMCH deputy superintendent Dr Sunil Shahi. However, Dr Shahi informed that a new symptom has been found in majority of the patients that their blood sugar level has been found to be far below normal. Most of them have been found to have sugar only 10 to 50. [Hypoglycemia may be explained by presence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome plus starvation. - Mod.DK]. Inflammation of brain tissues has also been found in most of the cases. Convulsion and high fever are common among them.
The calamity has assumed such an alarming proportion that chances of its cure are bleak. As many as 117 patients have been admitted to Kejriwal Hospital and 57 at SKMCH in the last 16 days. It is now evident that the disease is linked to weather. It occurs only in May-June every year. As the temperature has soared to 41 deg C [106 deg F], 13 new cases have been admitted to the SKMCH on Tuesday [12 Jun 2012] alone. Kejriwal Hospital's administrator VV Giri said the situation is more serious than last year. Only 92 cases had been admitted to this hospital and only 30 of them had expired in a span of 30 days in 2011, whereas 117 had already been admitted and of them 42 had expired in a span of 16 days this time. As both the heat and humidity are still at their peak, more such cases are bound to come. Kejriwal Hospital's attending physician Dr Vidya Shreeprabha said on Tuesday that the condition of all the 35 patients is very serious. It may be difficult to predict how many of them will survive. But no stone is left unturned to save them. The ward is overcrowded with patients and their attendants. 2 of the 4 air-conditioners of the ward are not working. The overall scenario of the ward is pathetic as half of the patients are surviving on oxygen.
The parents had wrapped up their children with wet cloth to control the fever, while some keep crying due to uneasiness. Most of them are lying in an unconsciousness state.
The state health department has provided free medicines to the hospital. Giri claimed that now the hospital is not charging anything in advance from attendants since 8 Jun [2012]. The government has also given 2 ambulances to this hospital for carrying patients to SKMCH and their home. All the hapless families are poor, depending mostly on daily wages. None of the affected children are from urban areas. They live under unhygienic conditions and drink only impure water. All the children are suffering from malnutrition.
[Byline: Priti Nath Jha]
--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
[As the number of cases increases rapidly, the ability of the hospital and its staff to care for them appears stretched to the limit. - Mod.TY]
******
[4] Bihar (Muzaffarpur) proposed diagnosis
Date: June 2012
Source: Indian Pediatrics [edited]
http://www.indianpediatrics.net/june2012/502.pdf
Ref: Gopal Shankar Sahni: Recurring Epidemics of Acute Encephalopathy in Children in Muzaffarpur, Bihar. 2012. Indian Pediatrics, 49(6): 502-3.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Muzaffarpur district, suffers repeated epidemics of acute encephalopathy in children for the past 16-17 years. An outbreak of this mystery disease, with high case fatality (63.3 per cent) was reported in children from Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, in June 2011. We report here our findings of the investigations carried out to confirm the etiology and to describe the clinico-epidemiological features.
Clinically, the presentation indicated acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). We studied 80 children from age group of 2-10 (median, 3.5) years belonging to a low socioeconomic background. Almost all cases were from rural areas. Following clinical criteria were used to select a case of AES: rapid onset of unconsciousness in a previously healthy child after attack of convulsion, and presence of fever higher than 40 deg C [104 deg F].
The main presenting features were fever and convulsions (100 per cent), unconsciousness (100 per cent), decerebrate rigidity (50 per cent), tachycardia (80 per cent), tachypnea (80 per cent), and absent splenomegaly. The CSF was normal but under raised pressure (100 per cent). Hematological investigations revealed leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance (80 per cent). Biochemical investigation revealed hyponatremia (90 per cent), hypokalemia (5 per cent), mild raised SGPT (50-100IU/L) (30 per cent), mild raised blood urea (40-50mg/dL) (40 per cent), and normal creatinine.
Smears for malarial parasites were negative. CT scan was done in 8 cases; 2 showed feature of cerebral edema, rest was normal. ECG showed non-specific ST changes and tachyarrhythmia.
The requisite clinical samples were collected from 55 patients and sent to National Institute of Virology, Pune and the National Communicable Disease Center, New Delhi for virological testing. These included 31 CSF samples, 59 serum samples, 19 nasal swabs, 48 throat swabs, 44 rectal swabs, 2 urine samples, 2 postmortem brain needle biopsy material by nasal route, and 1 postmortem liver biopsy specimen. All clinical samples were negative for known virus causing acute encephalitis like JE, Nipah, West Nile, and Chandipura viruses [tests used not mentioned. - Mod.TY]. Some specimens were processed for the discovery of novel agents. However, no agent has been found which can be attributed to the cause of the mystery disease in Muzaffarpur.
The presentation, seasonal distribution, climatic condition, and investigations of the cases did suggest a diagnosis of encephalopathy of heat stroke (HS), as similar picture has been described in few other studies also. Between April-June, the climate of Muzaffarpur is extremely hot and humid (28/40 deg C, [82-104 deg F] 90 per cent humidity) and most epidemics occurred at the height of temperature (38-40 deg C [100-104 deg F]) and humidity (70-80 per cent) suggesting the possibility of HS. The number of cases suddenly decreases with the onset of rain and resultant sudden drop in temperature.
--
Communicated by:
Ronan Kelly
[Interestingly, this report does not mention low blood sugar levels, which surely would have been tested for. Without an indication of the test used to detect the presence of viruses, it is difficult to know how sensitive and specific they might have been, nor is there any indication that serological tests (paired sera) might have been done on surviving individuals.
Testing of samples at a WHO reference laboratory would add additional in formation to exclude or include a battery of viruses associated with encephalitis, especially enteroviruses. Previous reports from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh states have indicated that at least a minority of acute encephalitis cases are due to JEV infections. This does not exclude the possibility that some cases might be due to heat stroke. - Mod.TY]
-
Birgitt
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- Beiträge: 35479
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Malaria in Indien - Gujarat und Rajasthan
MALARIA - INDIA: UPDATE (05): (GUJARAT, RAJASTHAN)
**************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this posting:
[1] Gujarat (Ahmedabad)
[2] Rajasthan (Jaisalmer)
******
[1] Gujarat (Ahmedabad)
Date: Thu 14 Jun 2012
Source: Daily News & Analysis (DNA) [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_fe ... le_1702242
If the figures in the daily health report of AMC's [Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation] health department are anything to go by, the number of malaria cases has tripled in just one year. The city, in January-May 2011, had reported 946 cases on the vector-borne disease, which has increased to 3047 in the same period this year [2012].
Interestingly, a recent survey conducted by the health department indicates that Ahmedabad has lower density of mosquitoes from last year, but malaria is prevalent! The larvae index survey was conducted to identify areas with high mosquito breeding and hence tackle the problem of rising cases of malaria. Ranip and Kali have the highest larvae index followed by Girdharnagar, Naroda Road, and Chandlodia.
"Larvae indices of Ranip and Kali are as high as 1.8. For every 1000 houses, there are 18 with mosquito larvae breeding in them," said an official with the health department, requesting anonymity.
Vejalpur, which was most prone to mosquito breeding till last year [2011], has emerged as the area with the lowest density this year. The average larvae index of Ahmedabad stands at 0.9 with Vejalpur recording the lowest density at 0.2. This means that only 2 houses out of 1000 in Vejalpur have mosquito larvae.
Girdharnagar and Naroda road recorded larvae indices of 1.6 and 1.3 respectively. Mosquito larvae breed in stagnant water, said the official. "Many of the slums and people of middle income group tend to store water in large containers for weeks, which lead to breeding of mosquitoes. Our team of health officials checked for such sites and treated the stored water with temephos solution to prevent breeding," added the official. Water stagnant for more than 7 days is a favourable breeding ground for mosquito larvae. "If residents want to store water, then the best method is to cover the container with an air-tight lid or tie a cloth on the mouth of the water container to avoid mosquito breeding," said official.
[Byline: Chaitra Devarhubli]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2]Date: Thu 7 Jun 2012
Source: The Times of India, Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... eat-stroke
Besides the maximum number of heat stroke patients, there has been a surprise spurt in malaria cases in Jaisalmer district. In the last month alone, the number of patients with _Plasmodium vivax_ malaria has crossed 100 with Pokhran sub-division reporting the maximum number of cases.
The increase in cases of malaria at a time when the [temperature is above 45 deg C (113 deg F)] has been a cause of concern. If medical science is to be believed, malaria cases rise after the rainy season. Mosquitoes do not spread during severe heat conditions.
Though the sudden increase of cases in the midst of a sweltering summer has put the health department in a fix, officials claim that the situation cannot be considered as a serious one because people who had suffered from malaria earlier again develop it.
According to government hospital records, malaria was found in 65-70 people in May [2012]. But private hospitals have also received almost an equal number of cases in the same month. In the beginning of May, there was not a single case of malaria registered, but in the 2nd week, 15 people became victims of the ailment. In the 3rd week, there was sudden spurt in cases and the number went up to 35, but in the 4th week, the incidence came down a little.
Life in the desert district was badly affected due to severe heat that starts at 9 am and continues till late night. Each and every household is suffering from seasonal diseases. People are mostly affected by heat stroke along with vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Snake and dog bites are also common. Jaisalmer district has been declared a high-risk area for malaria.
Often, malaria proves fatal. The medical department is surprised that malaria cases are coming to light during the peak summer season. If the rising trend of the incidence continues, after rains this would spread like an epidemic in the entire district.
Chief medical and health officer Anand Gopal Purohit said it is true that more malaria patients are coming during the summer season, but there is no reason to panic. He said the situation is under control. The entire department has been alerted so that during rains this does not turn out to be big health concern.
[Byline: Vimal Bhatia]
--
Communicated by:
Dr Prabhjot Singh
Consultant
PAHO-WHO
Honduras
[Both Gujarat and Rajasthan States are located in the western part of India bordering Pakistan. They can be seen on the map at http://www.nationsonline.org/bilder/map_of_india50.jpg. Ahmedabad can be located on the map at http://healthmap.org/r/1iSU and Jaisalmer at http://healthmap.org/r/2Arb.
In the WHO malaria country profile for India (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications ... ind_en.pdf) Gujarat State has an annual incidence between 1 and 10 cases per 1000 population and Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan, and annual incidence between 10 and 50 cases per 1000 population. - Mod.EP]
**************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
In this posting:
[1] Gujarat (Ahmedabad)
[2] Rajasthan (Jaisalmer)
******
[1] Gujarat (Ahmedabad)
Date: Thu 14 Jun 2012
Source: Daily News & Analysis (DNA) [edited]
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_fe ... le_1702242
If the figures in the daily health report of AMC's [Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation] health department are anything to go by, the number of malaria cases has tripled in just one year. The city, in January-May 2011, had reported 946 cases on the vector-borne disease, which has increased to 3047 in the same period this year [2012].
Interestingly, a recent survey conducted by the health department indicates that Ahmedabad has lower density of mosquitoes from last year, but malaria is prevalent! The larvae index survey was conducted to identify areas with high mosquito breeding and hence tackle the problem of rising cases of malaria. Ranip and Kali have the highest larvae index followed by Girdharnagar, Naroda Road, and Chandlodia.
"Larvae indices of Ranip and Kali are as high as 1.8. For every 1000 houses, there are 18 with mosquito larvae breeding in them," said an official with the health department, requesting anonymity.
Vejalpur, which was most prone to mosquito breeding till last year [2011], has emerged as the area with the lowest density this year. The average larvae index of Ahmedabad stands at 0.9 with Vejalpur recording the lowest density at 0.2. This means that only 2 houses out of 1000 in Vejalpur have mosquito larvae.
Girdharnagar and Naroda road recorded larvae indices of 1.6 and 1.3 respectively. Mosquito larvae breed in stagnant water, said the official. "Many of the slums and people of middle income group tend to store water in large containers for weeks, which lead to breeding of mosquitoes. Our team of health officials checked for such sites and treated the stored water with temephos solution to prevent breeding," added the official. Water stagnant for more than 7 days is a favourable breeding ground for mosquito larvae. "If residents want to store water, then the best method is to cover the container with an air-tight lid or tie a cloth on the mouth of the water container to avoid mosquito breeding," said official.
[Byline: Chaitra Devarhubli]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2]Date: Thu 7 Jun 2012
Source: The Times of India, Times News Network (TNN) [edited]
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... eat-stroke
Besides the maximum number of heat stroke patients, there has been a surprise spurt in malaria cases in Jaisalmer district. In the last month alone, the number of patients with _Plasmodium vivax_ malaria has crossed 100 with Pokhran sub-division reporting the maximum number of cases.
The increase in cases of malaria at a time when the [temperature is above 45 deg C (113 deg F)] has been a cause of concern. If medical science is to be believed, malaria cases rise after the rainy season. Mosquitoes do not spread during severe heat conditions.
Though the sudden increase of cases in the midst of a sweltering summer has put the health department in a fix, officials claim that the situation cannot be considered as a serious one because people who had suffered from malaria earlier again develop it.
According to government hospital records, malaria was found in 65-70 people in May [2012]. But private hospitals have also received almost an equal number of cases in the same month. In the beginning of May, there was not a single case of malaria registered, but in the 2nd week, 15 people became victims of the ailment. In the 3rd week, there was sudden spurt in cases and the number went up to 35, but in the 4th week, the incidence came down a little.
Life in the desert district was badly affected due to severe heat that starts at 9 am and continues till late night. Each and every household is suffering from seasonal diseases. People are mostly affected by heat stroke along with vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Snake and dog bites are also common. Jaisalmer district has been declared a high-risk area for malaria.
Often, malaria proves fatal. The medical department is surprised that malaria cases are coming to light during the peak summer season. If the rising trend of the incidence continues, after rains this would spread like an epidemic in the entire district.
Chief medical and health officer Anand Gopal Purohit said it is true that more malaria patients are coming during the summer season, but there is no reason to panic. He said the situation is under control. The entire department has been alerted so that during rains this does not turn out to be big health concern.
[Byline: Vimal Bhatia]
--
Communicated by:
Dr Prabhjot Singh
Consultant
PAHO-WHO
Honduras
[Both Gujarat and Rajasthan States are located in the western part of India bordering Pakistan. They can be seen on the map at http://www.nationsonline.org/bilder/map_of_india50.jpg. Ahmedabad can be located on the map at http://healthmap.org/r/1iSU and Jaisalmer at http://healthmap.org/r/2Arb.
In the WHO malaria country profile for India (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications ... ind_en.pdf) Gujarat State has an annual incidence between 1 and 10 cases per 1000 population and Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan, and annual incidence between 10 and 50 cases per 1000 population. - Mod.EP]
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Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35479
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- Kontaktdaten:
Japanische Enzephalitis in Indien - Bihar und Uttar Pradesh
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (06): (BIHAR, UTTAR PRADESH)
********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Sat 16 Jun 2012
Source: Daijiworld, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) report [edited]
http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_dis ... _id=140409
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), the deadly mosquito-borne disease that has hit Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, 2 of India's most populated states, is spreading. More deaths of AES patients, mostly children from poor families, from the states have been reported and the outbreak of the ailment seems far from being contained.
With 9 more children dying of AES in Bihar's Gaya, Muzaffarpur, and Patna districts, according to officials Saturday [16 Jun 2012], the toll has risen to a shocking 159 in just 3 weeks. "Fresh AES cases have been reported from all 10 affected districts," a state health department official said.
In Uttar Pradesh, 88 people have succumbed to various strains of AES in the last 2 weeks, prompting the state government to press the panic button. Most of the cases have come from the eastern district of Gorakhpur, near Bihar.
In Bihar, as many as 409 children have been detected with AES and of them, 159 have died and 82 admitted to hospitals, said Additional Secretary (Health) RP Ojha. The rest have been discharged, he said. The worst affected districts include Patna, Gaya, Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, East Champaran, and Vaishali. Health officials say AES has killed lives of 100 children in Muzaffarpur alone.
Alarmed, Health Minister Ashwani Kumar Choubey has asked the striking junior doctors of the Patna Medical College Hospital to resume work.
A team from New Delhi is now in Muzaffarpur, around 75 km [47 mi] from Patna, to help contain the fatal viral disease.
"All medical colleges and hospitals have been directed to provide free medicines to patients having AES symptoms," said Health Secretary Vayasji.
However, Bihar is yet to declare AES an epidemic.
In Uttar Pradesh, health officials say that till 10 Jun [2012], 467 cases of AES came to primary health centres, hospitals and the BRD Medical College in Gorakhpur.
Director General of Medical Health Ram Ji Lal said: "The disease has begun spreading a little early this time round, but we are ready to take it on."
The disease, which killed more than 600 people last season [2011], is peaking in areas around Gorakhpur, officials say.
Lal said the maximum number of deaths have been reported from Gorakhpur followed by Kushinagar, Deoria, and Maharajganj.
However, no infection of Japanese encephalitis, a virulent strain, has been reported, said health officials. But they caution that this did not mean that the disease had been contained.
"We are keeping our fingers crossed and doing our best to prevent the epidemic-like situation as last year [2011]," an official told IANS.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The report above implies that Japanese encephalitis virus has been ruled out as the etiological agent in these case, but that some other, as yet unidentified, virus(es) are involved. It is difficult to predict how the New Delhi team will contain the disease without knowing the etiological agent involved in these cases. One hopes that the team will determine which viruses, if any, are responsible for the AES cases. A recent publication attributed AES cases to heat stroke, rather than to an infectious disease (see ProMED-mail archive no 20120613.1166861). No mention is made of that possible etiology in the above report.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9 and Uttar Pradesh state at http://healthmap.org/r/1-k3. - Mod.TY]
********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Sat 16 Jun 2012
Source: Daijiworld, Indo Asian News Service (IANS) report [edited]
http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_dis ... _id=140409
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), the deadly mosquito-borne disease that has hit Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, 2 of India's most populated states, is spreading. More deaths of AES patients, mostly children from poor families, from the states have been reported and the outbreak of the ailment seems far from being contained.
With 9 more children dying of AES in Bihar's Gaya, Muzaffarpur, and Patna districts, according to officials Saturday [16 Jun 2012], the toll has risen to a shocking 159 in just 3 weeks. "Fresh AES cases have been reported from all 10 affected districts," a state health department official said.
In Uttar Pradesh, 88 people have succumbed to various strains of AES in the last 2 weeks, prompting the state government to press the panic button. Most of the cases have come from the eastern district of Gorakhpur, near Bihar.
In Bihar, as many as 409 children have been detected with AES and of them, 159 have died and 82 admitted to hospitals, said Additional Secretary (Health) RP Ojha. The rest have been discharged, he said. The worst affected districts include Patna, Gaya, Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, East Champaran, and Vaishali. Health officials say AES has killed lives of 100 children in Muzaffarpur alone.
Alarmed, Health Minister Ashwani Kumar Choubey has asked the striking junior doctors of the Patna Medical College Hospital to resume work.
A team from New Delhi is now in Muzaffarpur, around 75 km [47 mi] from Patna, to help contain the fatal viral disease.
"All medical colleges and hospitals have been directed to provide free medicines to patients having AES symptoms," said Health Secretary Vayasji.
However, Bihar is yet to declare AES an epidemic.
In Uttar Pradesh, health officials say that till 10 Jun [2012], 467 cases of AES came to primary health centres, hospitals and the BRD Medical College in Gorakhpur.
Director General of Medical Health Ram Ji Lal said: "The disease has begun spreading a little early this time round, but we are ready to take it on."
The disease, which killed more than 600 people last season [2011], is peaking in areas around Gorakhpur, officials say.
Lal said the maximum number of deaths have been reported from Gorakhpur followed by Kushinagar, Deoria, and Maharajganj.
However, no infection of Japanese encephalitis, a virulent strain, has been reported, said health officials. But they caution that this did not mean that the disease had been contained.
"We are keeping our fingers crossed and doing our best to prevent the epidemic-like situation as last year [2011]," an official told IANS.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The report above implies that Japanese encephalitis virus has been ruled out as the etiological agent in these case, but that some other, as yet unidentified, virus(es) are involved. It is difficult to predict how the New Delhi team will contain the disease without knowing the etiological agent involved in these cases. One hopes that the team will determine which viruses, if any, are responsible for the AES cases. A recent publication attributed AES cases to heat stroke, rather than to an infectious disease (see ProMED-mail archive no 20120613.1166861). No mention is made of that possible etiology in the above report.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bihar state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/1*O9 and Uttar Pradesh state at http://healthmap.org/r/1-k3. - Mod.TY]
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Birgitt
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Denguefieber in Indien
DENGUE/DHF UPDATE 2012 (25)
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A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
*****
- India (Tamil Nadu state). 14 Jun 2012. A total of 2566 persons in the state were afflicted with dengue fever, and 36 succumbed to the disease [so far in 2012], according to the Health Department http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tam ... 526763.ece.
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Tamil Nadu state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/00dV. - Mod.TY]
- India (Bangalore, Karnataka state). 13 Jun 2012. As Bangalore gears up for monsoons, hospitals in the city have recorded 3 deaths due to dengue. A BBMP health officer confirmed to Express that as many as 15 cases have been reported so far in 2012, and as the rainfall increases, the number of cases will shoot up http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bangalore-re ... 2-132.html.
[Three DHF deaths among just 15 reported cases is very high, suggesting that there is significant underreporting of dengue fever cases.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bangalore, Karnataka state, can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2Azn. - Mod.TY]
- India (Hassan, Karnataka state). 16 Jun 2012. In Hassan, 11 cases of dengue have been detected in the city according to the recent survey organised jointly by the city municipal council (CMC) and health department recently http://www.deccanherald.com/content/257 ... ected.html.
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Hassan, Karnataka state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2AEn. - Mod.TY]
****************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
*****
- India (Tamil Nadu state). 14 Jun 2012. A total of 2566 persons in the state were afflicted with dengue fever, and 36 succumbed to the disease [so far in 2012], according to the Health Department http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tam ... 526763.ece.
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Tamil Nadu state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/00dV. - Mod.TY]
- India (Bangalore, Karnataka state). 13 Jun 2012. As Bangalore gears up for monsoons, hospitals in the city have recorded 3 deaths due to dengue. A BBMP health officer confirmed to Express that as many as 15 cases have been reported so far in 2012, and as the rainfall increases, the number of cases will shoot up http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bangalore-re ... 2-132.html.
[Three DHF deaths among just 15 reported cases is very high, suggesting that there is significant underreporting of dengue fever cases.
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Bangalore, Karnataka state, can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2Azn. - Mod.TY]
- India (Hassan, Karnataka state). 16 Jun 2012. In Hassan, 11 cases of dengue have been detected in the city according to the recent survey organised jointly by the city municipal council (CMC) and health department recently http://www.deccanherald.com/content/257 ... ected.html.
[A HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map showing the location of Hassan, Karnataka state can be accessed at http://healthmap.org/r/2AEn. - Mod.TY]
