Wüstenschiff

Neues Malaria-Mittel wirkt schon nach einem Mal

Parasiten sind gegen viele Malaria-Medikamente resistent. Nicht nur deshalb haben Forscher ein neues Mittel entwickelt. Das wirkt bereits nach dem ersten Mal.

Im Kampf gegen die Tropenkrankheit Malaria haben US-Forscher ein neues Medikament entwickelt, das bereits bei einmaliger Anwendung wirken soll. Einer in der US-Wissenschaftszeitschrift „Science“ veröffentlichten Studie zufolge soll das neue Arzneimittel bereits in diesem Jahr bei klinischen Testreihen zum Einsatz kommen. Das Medikament habe das Potenzial, die Krankheit mit einer einzigen, oral aufgenommenen Dosis zu behandeln, sagte Studienautorin Elizabeth Winzeler vom Scripps Research Institute im US-Bundesstaat Kalifornien.
http://www.welt.de/gesundheit/article93 ... m-Mal.html

Gruß

Götz

PS: Ab morgen bin ich wieder im Malariagebiet.

Ob Rucksack- oder Geschäftsreise
Malariagefahr oft unterschätzt

Weltweit sterben jährlich mehr als 850.000 Menschen an einer Malaria-Infektion, die meisten davon in Afrika südlich der Sahara. Aber auch Geschäftsreisende, Rucksacktouristen und Migranten aus Malariagebieten sind, oft aus Unwissenheit, besonders gefährdet. mehr...

Grüsse
Alexander

Cerebral malaria may have passed from gorillas to us
22.09.2010 - BBC

Humans may have originally caught malaria from gorillas, scientists say. Until now, it was thought that the human malaria parasite split off from a chimpanzee parasite when humans and chimpanzees last had a common ancestor. But researchers from the US, three African countries, and Europe have examined malaria parasites in great ape faeces. They found the DNA from western gorilla parasites was the most similar to human parasites ... mehr
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Forscher: Malaria stammt von Gorillas
22.09.2010 - Zeit

London/Birmingham (dpa) ­ Die Tropenkrankheit Malaria ist von Gorillas auf den Menschen übergegangen - und nicht wie bislang vermutet von Schimpansen. Zu diesem Schluss kommen US-Forscher nach Genanalysen der Affenvarianten des Erregers ... mehr


Gruß
Birgitt

Spanien - Malaria
11.10.2010

Der seit 1961 erste nicht importierte Malaria-Fall ist am 1.Oktober in der Provinz Huesca diagnostiziert worden. Der Patient ist mittlerweile wieder gesund. Obwohl die Anopheles-Mücke in Spanien heimisch ist, wird das Risiko für die Bevölkerung als sehr gering eingeschätzt. Schutz vor dämmerungs- und nachtaktiven Mücken beachten. / Quelle: crm

Gruß
Birgitt

Malaria noch in knapp 100 Ländern heimisch

Seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs ist die Malaria in fast 80 Ländern ausgerottet worden. In knapp hundert Staaten ist die Infektionskrankheit jedoch nach wie vor heimisch. mehr...

Grüsse
Alexander

MALARIA - UNITED STATES ex. GHANA: (ACCRA)
******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Wed 4 Nov 2010
Source: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 59(43);1412 [edited]
<http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtm ... mm5943a5_e>


Malaria Imported from West Africa by Flight Crews
-------------------------------------------------
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notified the
Florida and Pennsylvania departments of health of 4 _Plasmodium
falciparum_-associated malaria cases among employees of a single
commercial airline. All 4 employees had traveled to Accra, Ghana,
during 25 Aug -- 2 Sep 2010, 2 of whom were on the same flight. Their
duration of stay in Accra ranged from 48 to 80 hours. All had stayed
at the same hotel and spent time outdoors near the swimming pool, in
restaurants without air conditioning, and in other locations during
the evening and night.

Of those cases, 2 were in female flight attendants aged 20-40 years,
and 2 were in male pilots aged 40-60 years. All had fever, headache,
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea approximately 2 weeks after their most
recent exposure in Accra. Three of the 4 received diagnoses of acute
_P. falciparum_-associated malaria on the basis of trophozoites
observed on microscopic examination of thin and thick blood films.
Malaria was diagnosed for one patient by blood smear, but the species
(_P. falciparum_) was determined by positive polymerase chain reaction.

One flight attendant was hospitalized for treatment, recovered
uneventfully, and was discharged after 2 days. The 2 pilots and the
other flight attendant were severely ill, were hospitalized, and
required intravenous treatment. Both pilots had respiratory distress
and required intubation. All recovered and were discharged after 6-15
days with diagnoses of acute malaria infection and acute respiratory
failure for the pilots.

None of the 4 airline workers had used antimalarial chemoprophylaxis,
despite company-paid atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone, GlaxoSmithKline)
being an element of this airline's malaria prevention strategy. All
reported having used insect repellent most of the time. Accra is
recognized as a high-risk area for malaria transmission (1). The CDC
advises travelers to West Africa, an area of intense transmission, to
use chemoprophylaxis as well as to take measures to avoid mosquito
bites, because even brief exposure can result in transmission (2).
Travelers to malaria-endemic countries, even for brief periods,
should be aware of the risk for malaria and of prevention measures
that can be taken.

[Reported by:
D Stanek, DVM, C Blackmore, DVM, PhD, Florida Dept of Health. V Dato,
MD, Pennsylvania Dept of Health. B Martin, Delta Air Lines, Atlanta,
Georgia. P Arguin, MD, Center for Global Health; P Kozarsky, MD,
National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of
Infectious Diseases; D Bensyl, PhD, Scientific Education and
Professional Development Program Office; M Selent, DVM, VM Beau De
Rochars, MD, EIS officers, CDC.]

References
----------
1. CDC. Malaria surveillance---United States, 2008. MMWR 2010;59(No.
SS-7). [available at:
<http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtm ... ss5907a1_w>]
2. CDC. Health information for travelers. Atlanta, GA: US Department
of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2010. Available at
<http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel>. Accessed 27 Oct 2010.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[The cases underline that West Africa, even the capital of Ghana,
remains a high risk zone for malaria. Visitors to Ghana including
Accra are always recommended malaria chemoprophylaxis and had the
recommendations been followed, these malaria infections would have
been prevented. - Mod.EP]

[It is also noteworthy that even short time stays in a known malaria
endemic area -- in this case 48-80 hours -- can be associated with
malaria transmission.

For a map of Ghana, see the interactive HealthMap/ProMED map at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00IG>. - Mod.MPP]

MALARIA - FRANCE: IMPORTED INFECTED MOSQUITOES
**********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Sat 13 Nov 2010
Source: DNA [in French, trans. Corr.SB, edited]
<http://www.dna.fr/fr/fil-info/info/4137 ... -a-Neudorf>


A case of autochthonous malaria [see moderator comment below] was reported
yesterday [12 Nov 2010] at the Regional Health Agency (LRA) Alsace.

This patient was infected a month ago by mosquitoes that escaped from a
parcel of food from Cameroon.

The 1st clinical features appeared 15 days later, and the patient was
examined on Wednesday [10 Nov 2010] at the University Hospital of
Strasbourg, where the diagnosis was made. The patient is well. He lives in
the district of Neudorf, Strasbourg, near the airfield of the Polygon.

Other mosquitoes escaped and were able to bite other people near his home,
although the risk is very low. That is why the LRA asks those involved to
consider a diagnosis of malaria based on the 3 phases of symptomatic
illness: chills, headache, vomiting; fever of rapid ascent (40 C) with
malaise; profuse sweats accompanied by a drop in temperature and fatigue.

People with an unexplained fever, especially if they reside in the area of
the airfield Polygon, must also have their diagnosis confirmed by a thick
smear.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[This case cannot be called "autochthonous malaria", which would require
the mosquitoes to have been infected from a malaria-infected person in
France. Rather, this case is equivalent to what is called "airport
malaria", where mosquitoes infected in a malaria-endemic country escape,
for instance, from an airplane, and in this case a parcel, and bite a
person close by. - Mod.EP

Alsace is on the eastern border of France. The HealthMap/ProMED-mail
interactive map of France can be accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/00Fc>.
- Mod.SH]

WHO calls on malaria-endemic countries to strengthen monitoring of antimalarial drug efficacy
National monitoring essential step in preventing the emergence of malaria drug resistance
18.11.2010 - WHO

GENEVA -- WHO is calling on countries to be increasingly vigilant in monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy in order to allow for early detection of artemisinin resistance. 1 ) This is one among several conclusions of the Global report on antimalarial drug efficacy and drug resistance: 2000–2010, released today. The report is based on 1100 studies conducted by national malaria control programs and research institutes over the ten-year period.

The report estimates that only 34% of malaria-endemic countries are complying with WHO recommendations to routinely monitor the efficacy of first- and second-line antimalarial medicines. 2 )

"A greater political commitment to support and sustain national monitoring of the efficacy of antimalarial medicines is critical to prevent a wider emergence of artemisinin resistance", said Dr Pascal Ringwald of the Drug Resistance and Containment Unit, within WHO's Global Malaria Programme and one of the report authors.

Resistance to artemisinin

In February 2009, WHO confirmed that resistance to artemisinin had emerged on the Cambodia-Thailand border. Although patients infected were cured following treatment with an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), the recovery took more time. In artemisinin-resistant areas, the high cure rates observed depend heavily on the efficacy of the non-artemisinin component of the combination.

Nonetheless, the report found that ACTs currently recommended by national malaria control programmes remain efficacious in treating malaria, with cure rates generally greater than 90%. In countries where the currently recommended ACT has a cure rate of less than 90%, policy change is ongoing to implement an efficacious replacement treatments for malaria.

"The emergence of artemisinin resistance on the Cambodia-Thailand border has been a wake-up call to the world to prevent its spread, increase monitoring, and preserve ACTs as the only effective treatment we have for falciparum malaria", said Dr Robert Newman, Director of WHO's Global Malaria Programme. "Prompt action will be critical to sustain progress in malaria control and achieve the health-related Millennium Development Goals."

Containing the spread of artemisinin resistance

Efforts to contain the spread of artemisinin resistance on the Cambodia-Thailand border have been ongoing since November 2008. However, there is some early evidence that resistance to artemisinins may also be emerging on the Myanmar-Thailand border. There is also concern that resistance could spread from the Cambodia-Thailand border to Africa, as it did with antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the 1960s and 1970s.

"Antimalarial drug resistance is like a cancer, it must be fought at every level – affected countries need to be in the frontline in combating the emergence of drug resistance. WHO should be empowered and supported to take a strong lead. It is crucial to protect ACTs as they are the best treatments for millions of people against malaria," said Professor Nicholas J White, of the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit in Bangkok, Thailand.

Since 1973, WHO has been providing support to national malaria control programmes to monitor drug resistance by regularly updating the standardized therapeutic efficacy study protocol, supporting and coordinating the collection, analysis and reporting of data, and promoting appropriate use of additional tests needed to confirm resistance.

Why artemisinin resistance occurs

Scientists continue to investigate how and why artemisinin resistance specifically emerges. Generally, antimalarial drug resistance first emerges through a rare spontaneous change in the malaria parasite. The subsequent ability of the drug resistant strain to survive and spread is influenced by many factors, including the use of substandard medicines and artemisinin-based monotherapies. However, it is clear that if the efficacy of artemisinin component continues to decline, there is an increased risk that resistance to non-artemisinin medicines used in the combination will emerge. Currently, research efforts are ongoing to discover and develop new medicines for the treatment of malaria.

In response to the findings in this report, WHO is working with partners to develop a Global Plan for Artemisinin Resistance Containment, which will be released in January 2011. On World Health Day 2011, WHO will launch a public awareness campaign on antimicrobial resistance and its global spread, calling on governments and stakeholders to implement the policies and practices needed to safeguard medicines for future generations.
_______________________________

1 ) Artemisinin and its derivative compounds are part of all the 5 artemisinin-based combinations therapies (ACTs) recommended by WHO for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

2 ) First-line treatment is the initial treatment given to a patient. If it is not effective, a second-line treatment is given.

Malaria-Prophylaxe – ja oder nein?

Es gibt verschiedene Varianten der Vorbeugung mit Tabletten, die ganz auf die Bedürfnisse des einzelnen Reisenden abgestimmt werden müssen. Die Impfung gegen Malaria lässt noch auf sich warten. mehr...

Grüsse
Alexander

Hervorheben möchte ich, wie auch in obigem link erwähnt, dass in Afrika die Malaria deutlich rückläufig ist. Und dies nun seit 5 Jahren. Der Grund liegt in der deutlich besseren Prävention mit imprägnierten Moskitonetzen, der besseren Diagnostik mit objektiven Schnelltests und der korrekten Behandlung mit Kombinationsbehandlungen (Riamet oder CoArtem). Dies war und ist vor allem dank der grosszügigen finanziellen Hilfe der Gates Foundation möglich.

Böse Zungen behaupten, dass die Malariaimpfung zu spät kommen wird.

Für den Reisenden bedeutet dies aber aktuell noch keine Änderung der Empfehlungen bezüglich der Malariaprophylaxe. Einzige Ausnahme: Sansibar gilt nur noch als Niedrigrisikogebiet: eine Prophylaxe für den Besuch von Sansibar wird nicht mehr empfohlen. (neuste Empfehlungen für 2011 der Tropenmediziner der Schweiz und Deutschland).

Wenn der Trend aber anhält, besteht die berechtigte Hoffnung, dass wir in naher Zukunft von einem geringen Risiko der Malaria in Afrika ausgehen können.

Dafür nimmt aber Dengue zu.........

Robert

Außer der Malariamedikation, durchaus lobenswert, finanziert Mr. Gates auch noch andere Vorhaben großzügig. Mit einem solchen Carrier lassen sich nicht nur Impfstoffe transportieren, ganz abgesehen von der möglichen Zwangsverabreichung.
http://info.kopp-verlag.de/hintergruend ... offen.html

Gruß

Na das ist ja mal wieder eine Publikation und eine Zeitschrift für Skeptiker und Impfgegner.......

Wenn der Bill Gates angeblich für eine Bevölkerungsreduktion ist, warum gibt er Millionen für die Reduktion der Malaria, Meningokokken-Meningitis etc aus? Ohne dieses Geld wäre die Bevölkerung doch viel rascher reduziert....

Robert

Kausale Denke folgt nicht immer dem wirklichen Leben, auch wenn sich der Einzelne das oft wünscht. Es steht jedem frei, durch geeignete Fragestellung im Internet zu recherchieren.
http://tinyurl.com/2cag2b6

Da wirst Du dann fündig. Z.B.:



Skepsis ist bei der Anwendung von Nanoteilchen am Organismus jedenfalls angebracht. Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Blut-Hirnschranke durchbrochen wird und sich die Teilchen im Gehirn anreichern können. Nanoteilchen werden heute bereits in Lebensmitteln und Sprays verwendet, ohne daß 'der Verbraucher' darüber informiert wird, die beschriebenen Effekte können beobachtet werden. ICH will das nicht! Als Carrier würde ich da lieber noch DMSO vorziehen, das wird wenigstens vollständig metabolisiert. Außer einem kurzzeitigen Knoblauchatem bleibt nichts übrig.

Es geht aber in dem obigen Beitrag auch eher darum, OHNE WISSEN der betroffenen Personen eine zwangsweisen Eingriff in die Persönlichkeit vorzunehmen. Das hat Gates mit seiner Unterstützung der Forschung am Helmholtz-Institut vor. Also lies nochmal.

Cave Impfgegner: Du kannst Dir gern mal meinen zerfledderten Impfpaß anschaun. Alle eingetragenen Impfungen sind auf meinen ausdrücklichen Wunsch vorgenommen worden. Es gibt wenige Epidemiegegenden weltweit, in die ich nicht ad hoc reinfahren kann. Kannst Du?

Gruß

Das Thema ist hier Malaria...

Gerd: Du hast eine PN.

Robert

Das Wüstenschiff ist ein öffentliches Forum. Du kannst nicht erwarten, daß man sich hier streng an ein Thema hält und keine adjuvanten Themen angeschnitten werden, besonders wenn es sich um die lobende Hervorhebung einer Person des öffentlichen Interesses handelt, die sich nicht immer unbedingt so löblich verhält. Darauf habe ich hingewiesen.
Das wirst Du garnicht verhindern können.

Ich möchte bitte auch keine Geheimdiplomatie durch PN im Hintergrund. Das wird nämlich gerade abgeschafft.

Mit freundlichen Grüßen